The Changing Profile of Regional Inequality

There is a growing concern in developing and transition economies that spatial and regional inequality, of economic activity, incomes, and social indicators, is on the increase. Regional inequality is a dimension of overall inequality, but it has added significance when spatial and regional divisions align with political and ethnic tensions to undermine social and political stability. Despite these important popular and policy concerns, surprisingly there is little systematic and coherent documentation of the facts of what has happened to spatial and regional inequality over the past twenty years. This paper is an attempt to meet this gap. It provides changing scenarios of multi-dimensional inter-temporal spatial inequality and level of development in Pakistan during early 1980s and late 1990s

Mapping the Spatial Deprivation of Pakistan

Geographical targeting may be a viable way to allocate resources for poverty alleviation in developing countries. Efficiency can be increased, and leakages to the nonpoor reduced substantially, by targeting needy areas. A national and regional database of substantial poverty maps or deprivation indices are not readily available in Pakistan. Further, existing activities of poverty alleviation are carried out on ad hoc basis in the absence of identified pockets of poverty. This paper presents indices of multiple deprivations based on the 1998 Population and Housing Census data. Possible applications of this exercise include identifying areas of need, making decisions on regional and sectoral priorities, facilitating targeted public interventions through special poverty alleviation programmes, understanding the relationship between poverty and its causes, and helping federal and provincial governments in determining financial awards.

THE EFFECT OF INSTRUCTIONAL AND MOTIVATIONAL SELF-TALK ON WARM-UP DECREMENT IN VOLLEYBALL SERVING SKILL

Aim: self-talk (self-expression, automatic thought, inner speech) is one of the cognitive methods which improve performance. The aim of the present study was to investigate instructional and motivational self-talk on warm-up decrement in volleyball serving skill.Methodology: The statistical population of the study consisted of all volleyball players in Qom province that had the record of participation in national championships. For this purpose, 36 subjects were randomly selected and volunteered to participate in this study.Findings: These results showed that different types of self-talk (instructional and motivational) improved performance and decreased warm-up decrement   Article visualizations

Konstruksi Kode Reed-Solomon sebagai Kode Siklik dengan Polinomial Generator

Suatu kode pengoreksi kesalahan adalah himpunan vektor kode yang dirancang untuk mendeteksi dan mengoreksi kesalahan bit di dalam untaian yang diterima atau diakses. Kode siklik adalah salah satu kelas dari kode pengoreksi kesalahan. Kode siklik mempunyai subkelas yang disebut sebagai kode BCH yang mempunyai bentuk khusus yang disebut Kode Reed-Solomon. Kode Reed-Solomon mempunyai kemampuan mengoreksi kesalahan yang tinggi. Pada tulisan ini kode Reed-Solomon dibatasi bekerja pada lapangan hingga (Galois Field) GF(2^m), untuk m bilangan bulat.. Lebih tepatnya, kode Reed-Solomon yang merupakan ideal prima dari GF(2^m)/???x^n-1??? dalam tulisan ini dikonstruksi dengan menggunakan sebuah polinom generator g(x)???GF(2^m)/???x^n-1???. Agar bisa mengoreksi t kesalahan bit dan merentang kode Reed-Solomon dengan panjang n=2^m-1, dimensi k=n-2t, jarak minimum d_min=n-k+1 dan memuat q^k vektor kode, polinom generator harus memiliki derajat 2t

Hubungan Antara Kepuasan Kerja Dengan Intensi Turnover Pada Karyawan

Turnover merupakan salah satu masalah penting yang dihadapi para pengusaha, karena memberikan dampak yang tidak menguntungkan bagi organisasi misalnya biaya rekrutmen dan pelatihan karyawan pengganti. Oleh karena itu untuk menekan angka turnover perusahaan harus mengetahui dan memahami apa yang terjadi pada karyawan sehingga mampu mengidentifikasi dini perilaku-perilaku karyawan yang mengarah pada keinginan berpindah sehingga dapat meminimalisir terjadinya perpindahan kerja karyawan. Adapun faktor yang mempengaruhi intensi turnover diantaranya adalah kepuasan kerja. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu; 1) Mengetahui hubungan antara kepuasan kerja dengan intensi turnover; 2) mengetahui tingkat kepuasan kerja karyawan; 3) mengetahui tingkat intensi turnover pada karyawan; 4) mengetahui sumbangan efektif kepuasan kerja terhadap intensi turnover.Hipotesis yang diajukan:Ada hubungan negatif antara kepuasan kerja dengan intensitas turnover pada karyawan. Semakin tinggi kepuasan kerja yang dimiliki karyawan maka semakin rendah intensi turnover. Sebaliknya,semakin rendah kepuasan kerja yang dimiliki karyawan maka semakin tinggi intensi turnover. Subjek penelitian yaitu karyawan bagian produksi PT. Sari Warna Asli Unit II Boyolali yang berjumlah 70 karyawan. Alat pengumpulan data menggunakan skala kepuasan kerja dan skala intensi turnover. Metode analisis data menggunakan teknik korelasi product moment Hasil analisis product moment diperoleh nilai r sebesar -0,423; p = 0,000 (p < 0,01) berarti ada hubungan negatif sangat signifikan antara kepuasan kerja dengan intensi turnover. Semakin tinggi kepuasan kerja maka semakin rendah intensi turnover.Sumbangan kepuasan kerja terhadap intensi turnover sebesar 17,9% (rsquare=0,179), sehingga masih terdapat 82,1% faktor lain yang mempengaruhi intensi turnover diluar variabel kepuasan kerja.Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan kategorisasi diketahui kepuasan kerja subjek penelitian tergolong tinggi ditunjukkan oleh rerata empirik (RE) sebesar 120,67dan rerata hipotetik (RH) sebesar 102,5. Intensi turnoversubjek penelitian tergolong rendah ditunjukkan oleh rerata empirik (RE) sebesar 55,76 dan rerata hipotetik sebesar =7

Potential Anti-Apoptotic Impacts and Telomerase Activity of Royal Jelly on Different Tissues of Rats

ackground and Aim: Royal jelly (RJ) has a broad range of pharmaceutical activities, including antioxidant, anti-aging, anti-tumor, and anti-apoptotic. The current study aimed to investigate RJ impacts on cell survival by measuring the amount of telomerase enzyme, protein BCL2, and BAX in different tissues of rats. Methods: In this study, male Wistar rats (n=21) were randomly divided into 3 groups; Group 1 was the control group. Group 2 and group 3 were treated with royal jelly at a concentration of 150 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg for 30 days, respectively. The contents of Bax, BCL-2, and telomerase in the tissues Brain, Liver, Kidney, and lymphocytes were measured using the ELISA method. Results: Telomerase increased in all the tissues involved in both treatment groups compared to the control group; however, the changes were not statistically significant. Although BAX and BCL-2 proteins showed irregular patterns, the ratio of BAX/BCL-2 declined in almost all the studied tissues with a significant decline in the rats’ liver and kidney treated with RJ at the dose of 300 mg/kg and in the lymphocytes of the group administered 150 mg/kg of RJ. Conclusion: RJ appears to have potential anti-apoptotic effects on the rats’ tissues studied via regulating the levels of BAX, BCL-2, and telomerase proteins. Regarding telomerase, its levels increased in a dose-dependent manner in all involved tissues. Concerning the ratio of BAX/BCL-2, it is sensible to conclude that RJ tends to positively impact the cell survival rate at the dose of 300 mg/kg in the brain, Liver, and Kidney. Nonetheless, this ratio decreased more significantly at the dose of 150 mg/kg in lymphocytes, showing more potential to survive brain cells in this concentration. *Corresponding Author: Seyed-Hosein Abtahi-Eivary; Email: [email protected]; ORCID ID:0000-0001-5807-8933 Please cite this article as: Khani-Eshratabadi M, Talebpour A, Bagherzadeh A, Mehranfar P, Motallebzadeh Khanmiri J, Ghorbani M, Abtahi-Eivary SH. Potential Anti-Apoptotic Impacts and Telomerase Activity of Royal Jelly on Different Tissues of Rats. Arch Med Lab Sci. 2022;8:1-10 (e3). https://doi.org/10.22037/amls.v8.3653

EFEKTIFITAS PENERAPAN PEMBATASAN USIA NIKAH UU NOMOR 16 TAHUN 2019 PASAL 7 TENTANG PERNIKAHAN ANAK STUDI KASUS KUA KECAMATAN BELAWA KABUPATEN WAJO: indonesia

This thesis discusses the effectiveness of the application of the age limit for marriage in Article 7 of Law Number 16 of 2019 on child marriage. From the main problem, the writer formulates several sub-problems, namely: 1. What is the nature of the age limit for marriage according to Article 7 of Law Number 16 of 2019 concerning Child Marriage? 2. How is the application of the age limit for marriage in Article 7 of Law Number 16 of 2019 concerning child marriage at the KUA, Belawa District, Wajo Regency? This type of research is research (field research) is a form of field research or it can also be called qualitative research, field research is carried out using the method of observation, interviews, and describes the facts that occur in the field with the legal research approach used, namely the Law approach. laws and case approaches, because what is being researched is how the implementation of Law Number 16 of 2019 at the KUA in Belawa District is. The results of this study indicate that 1. The age limit for marriage is raised to 19 years for both women and men because 19 years of age is considered mature in terms of emotional, biological and psychological aspects. 2. The marriage age limit permitted by the Belawa District Government is 19 years which is expected to reduce the number of child marriages, although it is not significant, but the reform of the law can be said to be quite effective in tackling the number of child marriages. The implication of this research is, when they want to get married, it is better if the parents of the bride and groom or the person who should do the marriage pay more attention to the age limit for marriage so that the purpose of marriage can be achieved and village priests and community leaders should take part in helping to increase public awareness in counseling. religion and cooperate with the local Office of Religious Affairs (KUA), particularly regarding marriage issues.Penelitian ini membahas tentang Bagaimana efektifitas penerapan pembatasan usia nikah Pasal 7 Undang-Undang Nomor 16 Tahun 2019 terhadap pernikahan anak”. Dari pokok masalah tersebut penulis merumuskan beberapa sub masalah, yaitu :1. Bagaimana hakikat pembatasan usia pernikahan menurut Pasal 7 UU Nomor 16 Tahun 2019 Tentang Pernikahan Anak? 2. Bagaimana penerapan pembatasan usia menikah UU Nomor 16 Tahun 2019 Pasal 7 Tentang pernikahan anak di KUA Kecamatan Belawa Kabupaten Wajo? Jenis penelitian ini merupakan penelitian adalah (field research) merupakan bentuk penelitian lapangan atau bisa juga disebut dengan penelitian kualitatif, penelitian lapangan yang dilakukan dengan metode observasi, wawancara, serta menggambarkan fakta-fakta yang terjadi dilapangan dengan pendekatan penelitian hukum yang digunakan yakni pendekatan Undang-undang dan pendekata kasus, karena yang diteliti adalah bagaimana implemenstasi Undang-undang Nomor 16 Tahun 2019 di KUA Kecamatan Belawa. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa 1. Pembatasan usia nikah dinaikkan menjadi 19 tahun baik perempuan maupun laki-laki dikarenakan usia 19 tahun usia yang dianggap matang baik dari segi emosional, biologis dan psikologi. 2. Batas usia nikah yang diizinkan oleh Pemerintah Kecamatan Belawa adalah 19 tahun yang diharapkan dapat menekan angka pernikahan anak meskipun tidak signifikan, namun pembaruan Undang-undang tersebut bisa dikatakan cukup efektif menanggulangi angka pernikahan anak. Implikasi dari penelitian ini yakni, Ketika hendak melangsungkan perkawinan, sebaiknya orang tua calon pengantin atau orang yang hendaknya melakukan perkawinan tersebut agar lebih memperhatikan batasan usia nikah agar tujuan pernikahan bisa tercapai serta imam desa maupun tokoh masyarakat hendaknya turut andil dalam membantu meningkatkan kesadaran masyarakat dalam penyuluhan agama serta bekerja sama dengan Kantor Urusan Agama (KUA) setempat, khususnya mengenai masalah perkawinan