Selective Separation of Aluminum from Biological and Environmental Samples Using Glyoxal-bis(2-hydroxyanil) Functionalized Amberlite XAD-16 Resin: Kinetics and Equilibrium Studies

A new glyoxal-bis­(2-hydroxyanil) anchored Amberlite XAD-16 chelating resin was synthesized and characterized by elemental analyses and scanning electron microscopy along with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDAX), infrared spectral, and thermal studies. The resin was found to selectively bind aluminum in aqueous medium over a large number of competitive cations, at pH 9. Experimental conditions, for effective sorption of Al­(III) were optimized systematically and were found to have fast kinetics (<i>t</i>_1/2 10 min), high preconcentration flow rate (5.0 mL min^–1), very high sorption capacity (24.28 mg g^–1), regenerability up to 66 sample loading/elution cycles, and low preconcentration limit (3.3 ppb) from test solutions of different interferent to analyte ratio. The chemisorption and identical, independent binding site behavior were evaluated by Dubinin–Radushkevich isotherm and Scatchard plot analysis. Equilibrium data fit well to Langmuir adsorption isotherms (<i>r</i>² = 0.998) indicating a typical monolayer sorption. We confirmed the analytical reliability of the method by the analysis of standard reference materials (SRMs), recovery experiments, and precision expressed as coefficient of variation (<5%). The applicability of the proposed method was demonstrated by preconcentration of trace Al­(III) in dialysis fluid, packaged drinking water, rum, and soft drink samples

Selective Separation of Aluminum from Biological and Environmental Samples Using Glyoxal-bis(2-hydroxyanil) Functionalized Amberlite XAD-16 Resin: Kinetics and Equilibrium Studies

A new glyoxal-bis­(2-hydroxyanil) anchored Amberlite XAD-16 chelating resin was synthesized and characterized by elemental analyses and scanning electron microscopy along with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDAX), infrared spectral, and thermal studies. The resin was found to selectively bind aluminum in aqueous medium over a large number of competitive cations, at pH 9. Experimental conditions, for effective sorption of Al­(III) were optimized systematically and were found to have fast kinetics (<i>t</i>_1/2 10 min), high preconcentration flow rate (5.0 mL min^–1), very high sorption capacity (24.28 mg g^–1), regenerability up to 66 sample loading/elution cycles, and low preconcentration limit (3.3 ppb) from test solutions of different interferent to analyte ratio. The chemisorption and identical, independent binding site behavior were evaluated by Dubinin–Radushkevich isotherm and Scatchard plot analysis. Equilibrium data fit well to Langmuir adsorption isotherms (<i>r</i>² = 0.998) indicating a typical monolayer sorption. We confirmed the analytical reliability of the method by the analysis of standard reference materials (SRMs), recovery experiments, and precision expressed as coefficient of variation (<5%). The applicability of the proposed method was demonstrated by preconcentration of trace Al­(III) in dialysis fluid, packaged drinking water, rum, and soft drink samples

Western blot characterization of isolated serum exosomes used for extracting microRNA.

<p>Representative blots showing the expression of serum exosome protein markers: Alix, Resistin, and TSG101 in isolated exosome samples of mice subjected to skin burn injury alone (BURN), whole-body ionizing irradiation alone (RI) or when combined with skin burn injury (CI) compared to experimental control mice (SHAM) at 30 days survival.</p

Graphene Oxide Sheets Immobilized Polystyrene for Column Preconcentration and Sensitive Determination of Lead by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

A novel solid-phase extractant was synthesized by coupling graphene oxide (GO) on chloromethylated polystyrene through an ethylenediamine spacer unit to develop a column method for the preconcentration/separation of lead prior to its determination by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. It was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, far-infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis/differential thermal analysis, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive spectrometry, and transmission electron microscopy. The abundant oxygen-containing surface functional groups form a strong complex with lead, resulting in higher sorption capacity (227.92 mg g^–1) than other nanosorbents used for sorption studies of the column method. Using the column procedure here is an alternative to the direct use of GO, which restricts irreversible aggregation of GO and its escape into the ecosystem, making it an environmentally sustainable method. The column method was optimized by varying experimental variables such as pH, flow rate for sorption/desorption, and elution condition and was observed to exhibit a high preconcentration factor (400) with a low preconcentration limit (2.5 ppb) and a high degree of tolerance for matrix ions. The accuracy of the proposed method was verified by determining the Pb content in the standard reference materials and by recovery experiments. The method showed good precision with a relative standard deviation <5%. The proposed method was successfully applied for the determination of lead in tap water, electroplating wastewater, river water, and food samples after preconcentration

Selective Separation of Aluminum from Biological and Environmental Samples Using Glyoxal-bis(2-hydroxyanil) Functionalized Amberlite XAD-16 Resin: Kinetics and Equilibrium Studies

A new glyoxal-bis­(2-hydroxyanil) anchored Amberlite XAD-16 chelating resin was synthesized and characterized by elemental analyses and scanning electron microscopy along with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDAX), infrared spectral, and thermal studies. The resin was found to selectively bind aluminum in aqueous medium over a large number of competitive cations, at pH 9. Experimental conditions, for effective sorption of Al­(III) were optimized systematically and were found to have fast kinetics (<i>t</i>_1/2 10 min), high preconcentration flow rate (5.0 mL min^–1), very high sorption capacity (24.28 mg g^–1), regenerability up to 66 sample loading/elution cycles, and low preconcentration limit (3.3 ppb) from test solutions of different interferent to analyte ratio. The chemisorption and identical, independent binding site behavior were evaluated by Dubinin–Radushkevich isotherm and Scatchard plot analysis. Equilibrium data fit well to Langmuir adsorption isotherms (<i>r</i>² = 0.998) indicating a typical monolayer sorption. We confirmed the analytical reliability of the method by the analysis of standard reference materials (SRMs), recovery experiments, and precision expressed as coefficient of variation (<5%). The applicability of the proposed method was demonstrated by preconcentration of trace Al­(III) in dialysis fluid, packaged drinking water, rum, and soft drink samples

Selective Separation of Aluminum from Biological and Environmental Samples Using Glyoxal-bis(2-hydroxyanil) Functionalized Amberlite XAD-16 Resin: Kinetics and Equilibrium Studies

A new glyoxal-bis­(2-hydroxyanil) anchored Amberlite XAD-16 chelating resin was synthesized and characterized by elemental analyses and scanning electron microscopy along with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDAX), infrared spectral, and thermal studies. The resin was found to selectively bind aluminum in aqueous medium over a large number of competitive cations, at pH 9. Experimental conditions, for effective sorption of Al­(III) were optimized systematically and were found to have fast kinetics (<i>t</i>_1/2 10 min), high preconcentration flow rate (5.0 mL min^–1), very high sorption capacity (24.28 mg g^–1), regenerability up to 66 sample loading/elution cycles, and low preconcentration limit (3.3 ppb) from test solutions of different interferent to analyte ratio. The chemisorption and identical, independent binding site behavior were evaluated by Dubinin–Radushkevich isotherm and Scatchard plot analysis. Equilibrium data fit well to Langmuir adsorption isotherms (<i>r</i>² = 0.998) indicating a typical monolayer sorption. We confirmed the analytical reliability of the method by the analysis of standard reference materials (SRMs), recovery experiments, and precision expressed as coefficient of variation (<5%). The applicability of the proposed method was demonstrated by preconcentration of trace Al­(III) in dialysis fluid, packaged drinking water, rum, and soft drink samples

IL-5, MCP-1, G-CSF and KC cytokine levels in serum of sham, burn, RI and CI mice.

<p>Analysis performed using cytokine multiplex assays to assess <b>(A)</b> IL-5, <b>(B)</b> MCP-1, <b>(C)</b> G-CSF and <b>(D)</b> KC serum levels in female B6D2F1/J mice subjected to skin burn injury alone (BURN), whole-body ionizing irradiation alone (RI) or when combined with skin burn injury (CI) compared to experimental control mice (SHAM) at 30 days survival. *p<0.05 for differences between sham, burn and RI mice groups (mean ± SEM, n = 6). **p<0.05 for differences between sham and burn mice groups (mean ± SEM, n = 6).</p

Validation of differentially expressed microRNA in serum exosomes relevant to RI pathways in mice using quantitative RT-PCR.

<p>Expression of target miRNA seed sequences <b>(A)</b> to <b>(I)</b> determined to be important in radiation injury pathways of female B6D2F1/J mice subjected to skin burn injury alone (BURN), whole-body ionizing irradiation alone (RI) or when combined with skin burn injury (CI) compared to experimental control mice (SHAM) at 30 days survival. *p<0.05 for differences between sham, burn and CI mice groups (mean ± SEM, n = 6).</p

Apoptogenic effects of β-sitosterol glucoside from <i>Castanopsis indica</i> leaves

<div><p>β-Sitosterol glucoside (BSSG) is a natural biologically active substance isolated from the <i>Castanopsis indica</i> leaves. This study explored the apoptogenic mechanistic studies of BSSG against Ehrlich's ascites carcinoma (EAC) treated mice through morphological study, comet assay, flow cytometry (FACS) and Western blotting assay method. AO/EB staining and FACS analysis showed that BSSG possessed apoptosis induction activities on EAC cells. Dose dependent induction of DNA damage was observed after BSSG treatment. Increase the expression of apoptotic protein p53 and p21 in EAC, multiple downstream factors contributing to apoptosis pathway. The increase of caspase-9 and caspase-3 activities revealed that caspase was a key mediator of the apoptotic pathway induced by BSSG, and up-regulation of Bax and down-regulation of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 resulted in the decrease of Bcl-2/Bax ratio. Owing to the combination of significant antitumour activity by inducing apoptosis, BSSG holds the promise of being an interesting chemo-preventive agent active in cancer therapy.</p></div

Identification of differentially expressed microRNA in serum exosomes of burn, RI and CI mice vs. control sham mice.

<p><b>(A)</b> Heat Map analysis of microarray data from female B6D2F1/J mice subjected to skin burn injury alone (BURN), whole-body ionizing irradiation alone (RI) or when combined with skin burn injury (CI) compared to experimental control mice (SHAM) at 30 days survival. Here all miRNAs that significantly changed with a fold change ≥ 1.2 were included in the analysis (p<0.05, n = 6). Results were generated using Partek Genomics Suite. The color code for the signal strength in the classification scheme is shown in the panel below. Induced genes are indicated by shades of red and repressed genes are indicated by shades of blue. <b>(B)</b> Heat Map showing variations in expression of 70 miRNAs in RI mice vs. control sham mice using a cut-off criteria of p<0.05 and fold change ≥ 1.2. <b>(C)</b> Heat Map showing variations in expression of 47 miRNAs in CI mice vs. control sham mice using a cut-off criteria of p<0.05 and fold change ≥ 1.2. <b>(D)</b> Partek Venn-Diagram showing differential miRNA distribution within the different mice injury groups vs. control sham mice using a cut-off criteria of p<0.05 and fold change ≥ 1.5.</p