Understanding change – developing a typology of therapy outcomes from the experience of adolescents with depression

Background: Outcome measures mostly focusing on symptom reduction to measure change cannot indicate whether any personally meaningful change has occurred. There is a need to broaden the current understanding of outcomes for adolescent depression and identify whether holistic, interlinked patterns of change may be more clinically meaningful. Objective: To create a typology of therapy outcomes based on the experiences of adolescents with depression. Method: Interview data from 83 participants from a clinical trial of the psychological treatment of adolescent depression was analysed using ideal type analysis. Results: Six ideal types were constructed, reflecting different evaluations of the holistic impact of therapy: “I’ve worked on my relationships”, “With the insight from therapy, and feeling validated, I can cope with life challenges better”, “My mood still goes up and down”, “If I want things to change, I need to help myself”, “Therapy might help, but it hasn’t been enough”, and “I don’t feel therapy has helped me”. Conclusion: Assessing change using outcome measures may not reflect the interconnected experience for adolescents or the contextual meaning of symptom change. The typology developed offers a way of considering the impact of therapy, taking into account how symptom change is experienced within a broader perspective

Sexism: Bollywood's item songs

The purpose of the present study was to examine sexist lyrics in the most popular Bollywood item songs. Patriarchy and sexism are strengthened by cultural practices, which then effect mainstream cinema and songs. These go forward to influence the audiences that consume them. Songs are especially interesting because they do not require a visual medium to be consumed, and can be involuntarily consumed in public places and through the radio. Certain songs are also more popular than their parent movies, and item songs are a genre of songs which are very prevalent in India. These songs not only visually depict women as a product of the male gaze, but also have lyrics which are both overtly and covertly predominantly sexist. A list of the most popular Bollywood item songs was prepared, and English translation of these songs was obtained from 3 different websites (www.bollynook.com, www.filmyquotes.com, www.bollymeaning.com). Thematic analysis was used for the interpretation of the data. Patterns relating to sexism were identified, and 'stalking', 'sexualisation', 'objectification' and 'stereotypical portrayal of genders' were the four themes derived from the sexist lyrics

Understanding change - developing a typology of therapy outcomes from the experience of adolescents with depression

BACKGROUND: Outcome measures mostly focusing on symptom reduction to measure change cannot indicate whether any personally meaningful change has occurred. There is a need to broaden the current understanding of outcomes for adolescent depression and identify whether holistic, interlinked patterns of change may be more clinically meaningful. OBJECTIVE: To create a typology of therapy outcomes based on the experiences of adolescents with depression. METHOD: Interview data from 83 participants from a clinical trial of the psychological treatment of adolescent depression was analysed using ideal type analysis. RESULTS: Six ideal types were constructed, reflecting different evaluations of the holistic impact of therapy: "I've worked on my relationships", "With the insight from therapy, and feeling validated, I can cope with life challenges better", "My mood still goes up and down", "If I want things to change, I need to help myself", "Therapy might help, but it hasn't been enough", and "I don't feel therapy has helped me". CONCLUSION: Assessing change using outcome measures may not reflect the interconnected experience for adolescents or the contextual meaning of symptom change. The typology developed offers a way of considering the impact of therapy, taking into account how symptom change is experienced within a broader perspective