G. P. FEDOTOV ON THE TRANSFORMATION OF THE RUSSIAN GOVERNING ELITE

The article analyses the transformation of the Russian management elite from the point of view of the famous Russian historian, sociologist and philosopher G. P. Fedotov (1886–1951). The paper discloses the civilizational features and stages of the evolution of the elite. The author reveals social, psychological, mental and other characteristics given by the thinker to the main domestic types of managers such as: a Russian European, a “Moscow man” and a Soviet manager. The study shows his positive assessment of the management culture of the nineteenth century. The article considers the thinker’s views on the processes of transformation and primitiveness  of management personnel of the early 20th century. The paper analyses the portrait of the Soviet manager given by G.P. Fedotov. The author shows the utilitarianism and Americanism of his social aspirations, which give rise to  socialist bourgeoisness. The study reveals the significance of the analysis conducted by the thinker

A. A. ZINOVIEV ON THE TRANSFORMATION OF THE SOVIET MANAGERIAL ELITE

The article analyses the views of the famous Russian sociologist and philosopher, A. A. Zinoviev (1922–2006) on the Soviet administrative elite and the stages of its social and spiritual evolution. The paper reveals the ideas of the sociologist about the ideological basis of the formation of this elite, the degree of its organic nature to society. The author investigates identified by A. A. Zinoviev, social types of managers inherent in the early and late periods of the life of the USSR. The study shows that the Leninist and Stalinist leaders, according to the sociologist’s worldview, were inspired by the spirit of communism, widely attracted people to government and controlled the growth of the bureaucracy. The article reveals the ideological and social meaning of de-Stalinization as an inevitable, but morally defective administrative step, from the position of a philosopher. The paper identifies the main characteristics of the Brezhnev and Gorbachev management elite, as a privileged stratum cut off from the people, who have lost faith in communist ideals and are ready for capitalist transformation. The author shows that the subsequent regressive evolution of the country A. A. Zinoviev considers it as a consequence of the death of the spirit of communism, that is, the state of human souls that were characteristic of the first stages of the life of the Soviet administrative elite, and raised the spiritual life of people to the unattainable heights of historical romance

On the Stabilizing Effect of Surfactants Adsorption Layers

Cohesion forces in contacts of discrete spherical particles (having either hydrophilic or hydrophobic surface) were measured directly in aqueous or heptane solutions. It is shown that the stabilizing action of tensides in the hydrophobic particle system was brought about by a two-dimensional pressure of the adsorbed tenside which is easily removed · from the contact zone of the particle. The stabilizing action of tensides in the hydrophilic particle systems is a consequence of the formation of a mechanical barrier which has a high apparent strength due to the adsorbed layer on the solid surface

Statins interfere with the attachment of S. cerevisiae mtDNA to the inner mitochondrial membrane

The 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase, a key enzyme of the mevalonate pathway for the synthesis of cholesterol in mammals (ergosterol in fungi), is inhibited by statins, a class of cholesterol lowering drugs. Indeed, statins are in a wide medical use, yet statins treatment could induce side effects as hepatotoxicity and myopathy in patients. We used Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a model to investigate the effects of statins on mitochondria. We demonstrate that statins are active in S.cerevisiae by lowering the ergosterol content in cells and interfering with the attachment of mitochondrial DNA to the inner mitochondrial membrane. Experiments on murine myoblasts confirmed these results in mammals. We propose that the instability of mitochondrial DNA is an early indirect target of statins

Применение импульсной осциллометрии у больных муковисцидозом

Impulse oscillometry (IOS) measures the total respiratory system impedance (Z) at incremental frequencies during normal tidal breathing. Our aim was to establish the total respiratory impedance and how IOS measurements relate to conventional lung function indices in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). Results from spirometry, static lung volumes and IOS (R, X, Z, resonant frequency (FR) and reactance area 5Hz — FR (AX)) were compared in 66 adult CF patients recruited from CF Care Centre of Moscow. Patients had airway obstruction (FEV1 = 57 % pred.), hyperinflation (RV = 253 % pred., FRC = 158 % pred., RV / TLC = 52 %). IOS demonstrated a frequency dependent increase in R (R5 = 173 % pred., R20 = 140 % pred.) and a decrease in X (X5 = –0,23 kPa/L / s) with a shift in FR to higher frequencies (FR = 18 Hz, AX = 1,4 kPa / L). There were significant correlations between FR, X20, R5, R20, AX and conventional lung function indices (FEV1 = – 0,74; 0,78; –0,42; –0,31 and –0,76 respectively). The data indicate that measurement of reactance and FR may reflect the degree of airway obstruction. IOS is an effort independent measurement that could be used in clinical routine especially in patients with severe lung diseases.Импульсная осциллометрия (ИОС) является неинвазивным методом для определения общего респираторного сопротивления (также называемого респираторным импедансом — Z) при спокойном дыхании. Целью работы явилась оценка респираторного импеданса и его составляющих; определение взаимосвязи этих параметров с параметрами, традиционно используемыми для оценки респираторной функции, у больных муковисцидозом. Спирометрия, общая бодиплетизмография и ИОС (Z, резистивный (R) и реактивный (X) его компоненты, резонансная частота (FR), площадь под кривой X (частота осцилляций) в частотном диапазоне 5 Гц — FR (AX) при спокойном дыхании) были проведены у 66 больных муковисцидозом, наблюдаемых в центре муковисцидоза взрослых на базе НИИ пульмонологии, Москва. У больных муковисцидозом были выявлены обструктивные нарушения (ОФВ1 — 57 %долж.) и гиперинфляция легких (ООЛ — 253 %долж., ФОЕ — 158 %долж., ООЛ/ОЕЛ — 52 %). При проведении ИОС было обнаружено увеличение R, которое имело частотную зависимость (R5 — 173 % долж., R20 — 140 %долж.) и снижение реактивного компонента X5 (–0,23 кПа / л–1 / с), что приводило к смещению резонансной частоты в более высокий частотный диапазон (FR — 18 Гц, AX — 1,38 кПа / л–1). Существует достоверная корреляционная зависимость между параметрами ИОС (FR, X20, R5, R20, AX) и главным показателем тяжести обструктивных нарушений (ОФВ1 — 0,74; 0,78; –0,42; –0,31 и –0,76 соответственно). Полученные данные продемонстрировали, что измерение респираторного импеданса позволяет оценить степень бронхиальной обструкции. ИОС не зависит от усилий пациента и может быть использован в клинической практике, в т. ч. у больных с тяжелыми респираторными нарушениями

Ингаляционный тобрамицин в лечении хронической синегнойной инфекции при муковисцидозе

Tobramycin inhalations in therapy of chronic infection Pseudomonas aeruginosa in cystic fibrosis.Ингаляционный тобрамицин в лечении хронической синегнойной инфекции при муковисцидозе

Качество жизни взрослых больных муковисцидозом: факты и гипотезы

With spectacular progress of cystic fibrosis (CF) treatment, a majority of patients come of age and reach adulthood, so the problem has arisen of their social and psychological adaptation to adult community life.The present study monitors the quality of life (QL) of adult CF patients, compares the obtained results with respective indices of a control group and bronchial asthma (BA) patients, and evaluates the correlation between CF patients' QL and other clinical indices.Involved in the study were 16 CF patients, five of which were receiving intravenous antibacterial treatment on an outpatient arrangement; 31 BA patients and 31 respondents of the control group. QL was evaluated on a Russian-language version of the questionnaire SF36.The study revealed a significant QL reduction in the CF group on the following entries: physical activity (PA) (p<0.05), general health (GH) (p<0.001), vitality (V) (p<0.05), and mental health (p<0.001). Female patients’ QL was graphically below male in V (p<0.05). Social activity (SA) and mental health were notably higher (p<0.05) with CF outpatients receiving intravenous antibacterial therapy. The intellectual QL of CF patients’ labour was directly related to SA (r=0.56, p<0.05). A similar direct correlation was observed between GH and FEV1(% predicted) (r=0.51, p < 0.05). QL proved to have no correlation to the length of disease and body mass index. All QL indices except pain and PA were notably higher in CF than BA. The results show an adverse impact of CF on adult patients' QL, more pronounced in women than men. Home antibacterial therapy has beneficial social and mental effects. CF has a smaller impact on QL than BA.Значительные успехи в лечении муковисцидоза (MB) привели к тому, что в течение последних лет большинство больных MB достигают совершеннолетия, переходят ко взрослой жизни. В связи с этим возникает вопрос о степени их психосоциальной адаптации к условиям взрослого общества.Целью данного исследования было определение качества жизни (КЖ) взрослых больных MB, сравнение полученных результатов с аналогичными показателями в контрольной группе и у больных бронхиальной астмой (БА), а также оценка взаимосвязи показателей КЖ с другими клиническими показателями при MB.В исследовании приняли участие 16 больных MB, 5 из которых получали внутривенную антибактериальную терапию в домашних условиях, 31 больной БА и 31 респондент, составившие контрольную группу. Для оценки КЖ применялась русскоязычная версия общего опросника SF36.Проведенное исследование выявило достоверное снижение качества жизни в группе больных МВ по критериям “физическая активность" (ФА) (р<0,05), "общее здоровье” (03) (р<0,001), “жизнеспособность” (ЖС) (р<0,05) и “психическое здоровье” (ПЗ) (р<0,001). Женщины, больные МВ, имели достоверно большее снижение уровня ЖС, чем мужчины (р<0,05). Обнаружены достоверно более высокие (р<0,05) уровни социальной активности (СА) и ПЗ у больных МВ, проводящих домашнюю внутривенную антибактериальную терапию. Степень интеллектуальности труда больных МВ имеет прямую корреляцию с их СА (г=0,56, р<0,05), также прямая корреляционная связь обнаружена между уровнем 03 и ОФВ1 в процентах от должного (р=0,51, р<0,05). Длительность заболевания и индекс массы тела больных МВ не имели корреляционной зависимости с уровнем КЖ. Установлен достоверно более высокий уровень всех показателей КЖ (кроме боли и ФА) больных МВ по сравнению с БА.Полученные результаты свидетельствуют о том, что МВ оказывает отрицательное влияние на КЖ взрослых больных, при этом КЖ женщин подвержено большему влиянию болезни, чем КЖ мужчин; организация домашних курсов антибактериальной терапии благоприятно влияет на социальную и ментальную сферы больных МВ. Отрицательное воздействие МВ на КЖ меньше, чем таковое при БА

A formalized representation of the target function of the impact of malicious software on the operating environment of a special-purpose automated control system

The article presents the main provisions of the theory of functional modeling in relation to solving an important and relevant problem for the methodology of information security managing – the development of mathematical models characterizing the dynamic capabilities of malware to implement destructive effects on critical information infrastructure objects. As a result of the analysis of the models that pose a threat to information security through the use of malicious codes, such as the "chain of cyber intrusions", the "unified chain of cyber intrusions", the basic and advanced models of Diamond intrusion analysis, the ATT&CK model, an up-to-date version of the functional model in the IDEF0 notation of the process of malware destructive impact on the operating environment of a special-purpose automated control system was built. The process of malware exposure is decomposed into individual stages, tactics, and techniques. The purpose of the research was to develop a variant of the malware impact on a special-purpose automated control system as a method of violating the state of information security and its processes of the system under consideration. The obtained results are a tool for the formalized presentation of the described processes in terms of the Markov processes and the development of analytical models, appropriate temporal and probabilistic characteristics for quantitative assessment of the intruder's ability to implement threats to the information security state in special-purpose automated control systems, through the malware impact

Whole exome sequencing links dental tumor to an autosomal-dominant mutation in ANO5 gene associated with gnathodiaphyseal dysplasia and muscle dystrophies

Tumors of the jaws may represent different human disorders and frequently associate with pathologic bone fractures. In this report, we analyzed two affected siblings from a family of Russian origin, with a history of dental tumors of the jaws, in correspondence to original clinical diagnosis of cementoma consistent with gigantiform cementoma (GC, OMIM: 137575). Whole exome sequencing revealed the heterozygous missense mutation c.1067G \u3e A (p.Cys356Tyr) in ANO5 gene in these patients. To date, autosomal-dominant mutations have been described in the ANO5 gene for gnathodiaphyseal dysplasia (GDD, OMIM: 166260), and multiple recessive mutations have been described in the gene for muscle dystrophies (OMIM: 613319, 611307); the same amino acid (Cys) at the position 356 is mutated in GDD. These genetic data and similar clinical phenotypes demonstrate that the GC and GDD likely represent the same type of bone pathology. Our data illustrate the significance of mutations in single amino-acid position for particular bone tissue pathology. Modifying role of genetic variations in another gene on the severity of the monogenic trait pathology is also suggested. Finally, we propose the model explaining the tissue-specific manifestation of clinically distant bone and muscle diseases linked to mutations in one gene