Optical coupling for multi-layer printed wiring board by selfwritten waveguide

For the future of optical interconnect, high optical coupling efficiency is required for high density multilayer optical printed wiring board (OPWB). Hence, we propose optical pin as optical coupling devices between surface devices and the multi-layer channel of OPWB using self-written waveguide (SWW) with mask-transfer method. SWW-pin is passively aligned and mask-transfer provides precise positioning between surface device and channel waveguide. This makes these technology is a promising technology for coupling device. A comparison of coupling efficiency of three cases methods is performed-using ray-tracing simulation. The calculation for optical coupling efficiency with vertical pin of -0.05 dB is achieved. The proposed of an easy and sufficient fabrication concept using MTSW method with the application of prism are expected. The vertical pin technologies are anticipated to be useful in the future of high optical coupling devices of the multi-layer and multi-channel waveguides and /or a multi-core optical fiber

Investigation on gain improvement of erbium doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) by using dual pumped double pass scheme

The purpose of this research is to enhance the gain signal amplification by using dual pump double pass configuration in comparative with single pump double pass that are commonly used as conventional optical amplifier configuration in optical communication system nowadays. Two input signals power have been implemented which are -30 and 0 decibel (dB). The input signal defined as low and high input signals power by using a pump power of 1480 nm. The amplification of EDFA in this study have been taken place in conventional band (C) band and long wavelength band (L) band of EDFA within the range of 1515 to 1615 nm. Therefore, to understand the performance of the gain amplification, the OptiSystem software simulator version 13 has been used for simulation and the values of fiber length and pump power has been varied for both configurations. It has been found that the, dual pump double pass configuration has shown better gain performance at lower input signal power compared to the single pump double pass configuration

Optical fiber tip sensor for glucose-adulterated honey detection

Honey, a natural sweet substance and also a high-value foodstuff has been a target for adulteration. This paper reports the early stage development of optical fiber tip sensor using a standard single mode fiber for adulterated honey detection. The development of simple, sensitive and low-cost sensor for direct detection of adulterated honey is a considerable interest in this context. A pure stingless bee honey was mixed with glucose adulterant at different volume ratios for the adulteration process. By changing this chemical composition, the refractive index of the adulterated honey varied and Fresnel reflection occured at the interface between the fiber tip and the adulterated honey solution also changed. The average sensitivity achieved by this sensor is 0.29 dBm/% with linear regression value up 0.97. This shows that, the sensor has a potential in adulterated honey detection

Performance Improvement for Hybrid L-band Remote Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier/Raman using Phase Modulator

We have demonstrated the performance improvement of L-band hybrid remote Erbium-doped fiber amplifier by introducing a phase modulator to suppress the stimulated Brilloiun scattering (SBS) effect in the transmission. The transmission gain has improved by 12.65dB while the noise figure has reduced by 47.1dB when 0dBm signal power is generated at 1590.05nm wavelength. Furthermore, the optical signal-to-noise ratio has improved from 7.81dB to 29.72dB when the signal power is varied from -30dBm to 0dBm. By implementing a phase modulator to the input signal somehow able to produce better performance regarding gain, noise figure and optical signal-to-noise ratio, especially at the higher signal power as the gain, has been transferred to the Stokes signal and the amplified signal

A v-shape optical pin interface for board level optical interconnect

This paper introduces a new interface of an optical pin for Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs), the V-shape cut type which is an innovation from the 90-degree cut type of optical pin. The effectiveness is determined by optical characteristics through OptiCAD and by experiment. The simulation used a model of ray tracing analysis which is a one to two (split) connection function model. For the experiment, a Polymer Optical Fibre (POF) V-shape optical pin has been fabricated. It was found that the V-shaped optical pin has a multi-branched function and is applicable to optical interconnection

Direct grating writing: single-step Bragg grating and waveguide fabrication for telecommunications and sensing applications

Direct Grating Writing (DGW) has been developed over the past decade as a means of rapidly prototyping waveguides with integrated Bragg grating structures in silica-on-silicon substrates [1]. The technique allows complicated waveguide structures and Bragg grating arrays to be fabricated and characterised in house

New technology to expose core from fiber for optical sensing application

For the future optical sensing application, a simple, fast and cost-effective method to achieve exposed core is required for a good mass production and commercialization. Hence, this paper proposes sensing application with exposed core technology using Self-Written Waveguide (SWW) method. The SWW method uses a UV-curable resin and enables fabrication of an optical channel waveguide. SWW is known as an attractive and useful technique in optical interconnection. This SWW is passively aligned between two fibers from the end of the optical fiber under irradiation UV light. This makes the technology is a reliable exposed core technology for sensing application. A SWW with length of 800 micrometers is fabricated from the end face of the multi-mode optical fiber under irradiation with UV light. Experiment is done under several testing materials with different refractive index. The output optical power is decreasing as the refractive indexes of testing materials are increasing. Simulation is also done using ray-tracing method. From these results, it seems possible to apply this SWW using UV-curable resin in sensing application

Optical sensing by exposed core fiber using self-written waveguide

Recently, the importance of the optical fiber is increasing particularly in sensing application. Thus, this paper proposes optical sensing by exposed core fiber technology using Self-Written Waveguide (SWW) method. SWW method is fabrication of an optical channel waveguide using a UV-curable resin. As a UV light irradiated, A SWW with length of 800 micrometers is aligned between two fibers from the end of the multi-mode optical fiber. A several testing materials with different refractive index are being tested on the SWW. The output optical power is decreasing as the refractive indexes of testing materials are increasing. From these results, this makes the SWW technology is a reliable exposed core technology for sensing application

Integrated optics europium aluminum polymer optical waveguide with graded index circular core

A Europium Aluminum Benzyl Methacrylate (Eu-Al/BzMA) integrated optical waveguide with 50 μm graded-index multimode circular core is fabricated by applying the Mosquito method for the potential application of optical interconnect. The parabolic index profile of the waveguide core is measured to confirm the profile exhibited by the waveguide. A preliminary experiment of the signal transmission is performed at 26 Gb/s to evaluate its capability in high dense and speed optical interconnections. According to the results, the waveguide successfully demonstrated free bit-error-rate through 5 cm waveguide transmission

Etched fiber Bragg grating sensor for nitrate sensing application

We demonstrate a reliable method to detect the concentration of Nitrate in water using an etched Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) sensor. The sensor was etched using 48% Hydrofluoric (HF) acid solution to function as a chemical sensor and interact with Nitrates. The Bragg wavelength (λb) shifted due to the changes of Nitrate concentration. The sensitivity achieved by this sensor is 2.4 × 10-3 nm/ppm. The overall shift of the Bragg wavelength is 0.12 nm from 0 - 50 ppm