EVALUATION OF BIRD-STRIKE RISK IN TWO COLOMBIAN AIRPORTS: A STANDARD METHODOLOGY TO RANK SPECIES AND PROPOSE MANAGEMENT PRIORITIES

We conducted avian evaluations at two Colombian airports to assess, through a standard methodology, the risk of bird strikes. Evaluations were conducted at “Aeropuerto Perales” (AP), Department of Tolima, 1030 m a.s.l. Tropical Dry Forest and, “Aeropuerto Palonegro” (APN), Department of Santander, 1188 m a.s.l. Humid Pre-mountain Forest. Forty-seven species of 12 different families, 3,998 individuals were encountered at AP through 1284 records. In contrast, 33 species of 16 families, 1,112 individuals in 396 records were found at APN. The Whispering ibis (Phimosus infuscatus) was the most abundant species with more than 50% of all individuals followed by the Black vulture (Coragyps atratus) with 18% at AP. The first species represented over 72% of all crosses along most of the runaway, the second 11% crossing in high numbers in some areas. Both species mean flock size was over 5 individuals. Threat categorization showed that this two species are the most highly dangerous for this airport. The Yellow-Hooded blackbird (Agelaius icterocephalus), is of high concern but median risk. Awareness for 12 other species is warranted even thou considered of low risk for Aviation procedures at AP. The Black vulture was the only species categorized as highly dangerous at APN, because of its weight and abundance (50% of all individuals) more than 70% cross the runaway and were found in flocks of over 4 mean individuals, but sometimes in huge flocks of over 40. Two other species, the Orange Chinned parakeet (Brotogeris jugularis) and the Eared dove (Zenaida auriculata), are of main concern and median risk. Five other species are of awareness but low risk following the threat categories at APN. Bird strike evaluation through a standard methodology allows comparing thru ranking priorities the risk, to propose specific and generalized management tools at airports localized in different life zones

METHODOLOGICAL FRAMEWORK TO ASSESS THE RELATIVE THREAT OF BIRD–STRIKES IN COLOMBIAN AIRPORTS.

The likely risk of a bird-aircraft collision (bird-strike) in a given airport was assessed using a standard methodological evaluation of birds along the runaway to record data and spatial distribution of danger; and making a threat categorization. Contiguous quadrants of 200 X 200 meters were located along the runaway from one head to the other with a center point count at 100 m, in which all birds were recorded for 15 minutes, accounting for species identification, number of individuals (flock size), flight altitude from ground to \u3e 1,000 m, flight direction including number of perpendicular crosses, and behavioral characteristics (flight, roosting, foraging, reproduction and vocalizations as indicative of permanence and territoriality). Environmental data (% cloud cover and weather -sunny, partially sunny, mist or rainy-) was also recorded. The relative threat and likelihood to generate a collision by any bird species was taken as the result of the sum of scores of four criteria (each with three possible values): 1. Range of weight, 2. Relative abundance, 3. Relative crosses and 4. Flock size. Species were categorized as highly dangerous (10 to 12 score points), potentially dangerous and of concern (7 to 9), or of least danger but precautions warranted (\u3c 6) for some species. Threat categorization and spatial distribution for each species allowed assessing areas of bird species concentrations, identification of sites more often crossed and if attracted by artificial or natural areas, as well as time of the day and climatic conditions that did so. Proposal of direct management options, tools and strategies for a bird avoidance program for specific airports is being developed by the Colombian Civil Aviation Agency -Aerocivil to ensure international air safety standards

Propuesta operativa para la implementación y consolidación de un sistema de análisis y monitoreo del riesgo de extinción de la fauna silvestre en Colombia

The quantification and classification of the risk of extinction for a species within a country or region and the publication of red list are fundamental tools for preventing and managing the loss of biodiversity on a sub-global scale of anthropogenic activity. Colombia may be considered a regional leader in the development of this type of risk analysis (i.e. red books published in 2002 and recent re evaluations of birds and freshwater fish); however, there are many challenges to increasing taxonomic coverage, periodic assessments, sustainability and also the influence on conservation planning and management in Colombia. This working paper presents a proposal to create, implement and consolidate an -Operative System for Risk Extinction Analysis and Monitoring of the Colombian Wildlife to address more effectively the challenges outlined above. It originates from research that identified progress and gaps on this issue in Colombia in relation to other countries of the world and also from discussions and recommendations by South America fauna experts. Based on these elements, the proposal presents objectives, guidelines, instances, roles, activities and work schemes that should be considered relevant to increase the rigor, transparency, periodicity, sustainability and impact of the wildlife risk assessments in Colombia. The system here presented is preliminary and should be amply consulted and discussed in order to make the necessary adjustments to obtain a definite working model for Colombia.Los análisis que cuantifican y clasifican el riesgo de extinción de una especie en el territorio de un país o región, así como la publicación de listas rojas, constituyen herramientas fundamentales para la prevención y el manejo de la pérdida de biodiversidad en escalas subglobales. Si bien Colombia se puede considerar un referente regional en el desarrollo de este tipo de análisis (publicaciones 2002 y revaluación de aves y peces dulceacuícolas) son numerosos los desafíos que estos análisis aún deben enfrentar en el país que les permita incrementar la cobertura taxonómica, periodicidad de los procesos de evaluación, sostenibilidad en el tiempo, así como el impacto en la planeación y gestión de la conservación en Colombia. Este documento presenta una propuesta para crear, implementar y consolidar un Sistema Operativo de Análisis y Monitoreo del Riesgo de Extinción de la Fauna Silvestre en Colombia para abordar con mayor efectividad estos desafíos. Su construccion surge a partir de una investigacion que identificó avances y vacíos en Colombia en relación con otros países de América Latina y el mundo, así como las discusiones y recomendaciones de expertos en fauna de Suramérica. La propuesta plantea objetivos, lineamientos, instancias, actores, actividades y esquemas de trabajo relevantes para incrementar la rigurosidad, transparencia, periodicidad, sostenibilidad e impacto de los análisis de riesgo y los listados rojos de fauna en Colombia. El sistema presentado es preliminar y deberá tener una amplia consulta y discusión encaminada a ajustar un modelo definitivo de trabajo sobre este tema en el país

Propuesta operativa para la implementación y consolidación de un sistema de análisis y monitoreo del riesgo de extinción de la fauna silvestre en Colombia

The quantification and classification of the risk of extinction for a species within a country or region and the publication of red list are fundamental tools for preventing and managing the loss of biodiversity on a sub-global scale of anthropogenic activity. Colombia may be considered a regional leader in the development of this type of risk analysis (i.e. red books published in 2002 and recent re evaluations of birds and freshwater fish); however, there are many challenges to increasing taxonomic coverage, periodic assessments, sustainability and also the influence on conservation planning and management in Colombia. This working paper presents a proposal to create, implement and consolidate an -Operative System for Risk Extinction Analysis and Monitoring of the Colombian Wildlife to address more effectively the challenges outlined above. It originates from research that identified progress and gaps on this issue in Colombia in relation to other countries of the world and also from discussions and recommendations by South America fauna experts. Based on these elements, the proposal presents objectives, guidelines, instances, roles, activities and work schemes that should be considered relevant to increase the rigor, transparency, periodicity, sustainability and impact of the wildlife risk assessments in Colombia. The system here presented is preliminary and should be amply consulted and discussed in order to make the necessary adjustments to obtain a definite working model for Colombia.Los análisis que cuantifican y clasifican el riesgo de extinción de una especie en el territorio de un país o región, así como la publicación de listas rojas, constituyen herramientas fundamentales para la prevención y el manejo de la pérdida de biodiversidad en escalas subglobales. Si bien Colombia se puede considerar un referente regional en el desarrollo de este tipo de análisis (publicaciones 2002 y revaluación de aves y peces dulceacuícolas) son numerosos los desafíos que estos análisis aún deben enfrentar en el país que les permita incrementar la cobertura taxonómica, periodicidad de los procesos de evaluación, sostenibilidad en el tiempo, así como el impacto en la planeación y gestión de la conservación en Colombia. Este documento presenta una propuesta para crear, implementar y consolidar un Sistema Operativo de Análisis y Monitoreo del Riesgo de Extinción de la Fauna Silvestre en Colombia para abordar con mayor efectividad estos desafíos. Su construccion surge a partir de una investigacion que identificó avances y vacíos en Colombia en relación con otros países de América Latina y el mundo, así como las discusiones y recomendaciones de expertos en fauna de Suramérica. La propuesta plantea objetivos, lineamientos, instancias, actores, actividades y esquemas de trabajo relevantes para incrementar la rigurosidad, transparencia, periodicidad, sostenibilidad e impacto de los análisis de riesgo y los listados rojos de fauna en Colombia. El sistema presentado es preliminar y deberá tener una amplia consulta y discusión encaminada a ajustar un modelo definitivo de trabajo sobre este tema en el país

Habilidades sociales como factor crítico en la satisfacción laboral

This research aims to establish the relationship between social skills and job satisfaction, keeping in mind the trends of modern organizations, which have become more competitive and demand a staff with interpersonal skills that consolidate the success of the company. The methodology used responds to a quantitative-correlational approach of transactional type. The sample was not probabilistic and included people with at least one year of work experience and residing in the city of Milagro. The results obtained demonstrate a significant correlation between age and the way in which the negotiation is carried out in the company on labor aspects.La presente investigación tiene como objetivo establecer la relación entre las habilidades sociales y la satisfacción laboral, teniendo presente las tendencias de las organizaciones modernas, las cuales se han vuelto más competitivas y demandan de un personal con capacidades interpersonales que logren consolidar el éxito de la empresa. La metodología utilizada responde a un enfoque cuantitativo-correlacional de tipo transaccional. La muestra fue no probabilística e incluyó personas con al menos un año de experiencia laboral y que residieran en la ciudad de Milagro. Los resultados obtenidos demuestran una correlación significativa entre la edad y la forma en que se realiza la negociación en la empresa sobre los aspectos laborales

Aprendizaje Basado en la Investigación: caso UNEMII / Research-based learning: case UNEMI

Este trabajo investigativo nace de la necesidad planteada en las diferentes normativas establecidas en Ecuador, en las que se evidencia la urgencia de transformar el sistema educativo nacional a través del desarrollo de la investigación en la educación superior, convirtiendo al uso del Aprendizaje Basado en la Investigación (ABI), en una buena estrategia didáctica para lograr su fin. Se pretende demostrar la relación existente entre el incremento de la producción científica docente y el uso de la metodología didáctica del Aprendizaje Basado en Investigación, dentro del proceso didáctico en las aulas de la Universidad Estatal de Milagro, UNEMI, con el fin de contribuir a la creación de nuevos conocimientos. Se trata de una investigación cuali-cuantitativa de tipo transversal, que tuvo como participantes a 304 estudiantes. Se utilizó el Cuestionario ABI, creado por las autoras, y los datos fueron analizados a través del programa IBM SPSS. Los resultados indican el crecimiento en el uso de documentos científicos por los estudiantes (76,32%) y el aumento de la producción científica de los docentes. Se concluye que existe una relación entre los estudiantes que utilizan más información científica para realizar sus trabajos autónomos y los profesores que comparten sus investigaciones en el aula. ABSTRACTThis research work stems from the need raised in the various regulations established in Ecuador, where the urgency of transforming the national education system through the development of research in higher education, making the use Based Learning evidenced research (ABI), in a good teaching strategy to achieve an end. It is intended to Demonstrate the relationship between the increase in teaching scientific production and use of teaching methods Based Learning Research within the learning process in the classrooms of the State University of Milagro, UNEMI, in order to contribute to the creation of new knowledge. It is a qualitative and quantitative research transversal, which had 304 students as participants. ABI Questionnaire, created by the authors, and the data were analyzed through SPSS software was used. The results indicate the growth in the use of scientific papers by students (76.32%) and increased scientific production of teachers. It is concluded that there is a relationship between students using more scientific information to perform their autonomous work and teachers who share their research in the classroom

Supporting Nature-Based Solutions via Nature-Based Thinking across European and Latin American cities

Nature-Based Solutions concepts and practices are being used worldwide as part of attempts to address societal challenges but have also been criticised for not dealing with deeper transformations needed to face urgent issues including biodiversity loss, climate change and inclusion. In this paper, we explore how an inclusive, integrated and long-sighted approach, emphasising a more radical integration of nature within cities, might support the transformations needed to endure major contemporary challenges. Addressing important emerging critiques of Nature-Based Solutions, we consider the potential of a more incisive form of Nature-Based Thinking (NBT) in cities, based on more holistic perspectives. The paper draws on a reflective and iterative research process that engaged both the research and practice communities through a symposium and a series of futures workshops that together explored the potential of NBT to develop future nature-cities relations in Europe and Latin America. The results of the reflective process suggest that notions of nature with people-not for people- new organisational structures, and the intention and capacity to apply long-term perspectives, are needed when planning for NBS interventions aimed at sustainable urban development. This includes developing a cultural-structural change based on new and inclusive understandings of human-nature relations, and novel governance paradigms that allow cross-sectoral coordination and engagement of local stakeholders beyond formal organisational structures

A922 Sequential measurement of 1 hour creatinine clearance (1-CRCL) in critically ill patients at risk of acute kidney injury (AKI)

Meeting abstrac

Global scientific progress and shortfalls in biological control of the fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda

peer reviewedSince 2016, the fall armyworm (FAW) Spodoptera frugiperda has spread over extensive areas of the tropics and subtropics, imperiling food security, economic progress and the livelihoods of millions of cereal farmers. Although FAW has received long-standing scientific attention in its home range in the Americas, chemical inputs feature prominently in its mitigation and biological control uptake is globally lagging. Here, building upon a quantitative review of the global literature, we methodically dissect FAW biological control science. Of the known entomopathogens (46), parasitoids (304) and predators (215) of FAW, approx. 40% have been subject to laboratory- or field-level scrutiny. Laboratory-level performance has partially been assessed for 14–18% of the above invertebrate taxa. Yet, organismal, geographic, methodological and thematic biases hamper efforts to relate in-field biodiversity to actual ecosystem service delivery. Often, single-guild ‘snapshot’ surveys are preferred over comprehensive bio-inventories or population dynamics appraisals, trophic interactions are wrongly inferred from co-occurrence, standard pest infestation metrics are lacking and natural enemy censuses are performed arbitrarily. Diurnal biota receive inordinate attention, while egg and pupal predation - the main biotic sources of mortality - are routinely overlooked. Multiple microbial and invertebrate biota are investigated with a view towards mass-rearing and augmentative release, but the basis for agent selection is often unclear. Lastly, conservation biological control receives marginal attention and cross-disciplinary engagement with the agroecology domain is lagging. We lay out several steps, including standardized methodologies, smart use of biodemographic toolkits, networked field trials and a fortification of its ecological underpinnings, to sharpen the science of (FAW) biological control and urge further momentum in its global implementation