22 research outputs found
Mitochondrial variation in Anopheles gambiae and Anopheles coluzzii: phylogeographic legacy and mitonuclear associations with metabolic resistance to pathogens and insecticides
Mitochondrial DNA has been a popular marker in phylogeography, phylogeny, and molecular ecology, but its complex evolution is increasingly recognized. Here, we investigated mitochondrial DNA variation in Anopheles gambiae and Anopheles coluzzii, in relation to other species in the Anopheles gambiae complex, by assembling the mitogenomes of 1,219 mosquitoes across Africa. The mitochondrial DNA phylogeny of the Anopheles gambiae complex was consistent with previously reported highly reticulated evolutionary history, revealing important discordances with the species tree. The three most widespread species (An. gambiae, An. coluzzii, and Anopheles arabiensis), known for extensive historical introgression, could not be discriminated based on mitogenomes. Furthermore, a monophyletic clustering of the three saltwater-tolerant species (Anopheles merus, Anopheles melas, and Anopheles bwambae) in the Anopheles gambiae complex also suggested that introgression and possibly selection shaped mitochondrial DNA evolution. Mitochondrial DNA variation in An. gambiae and An. coluzzii across Africa revealed significant partitioning among populations and species. A peculiar mitochondrial DNA lineage found predominantly in An. coluzzii and in the hybrid taxon of the African “far-west” exhibited divergence comparable to the interspecies divergence in the Anopheles gambiae complex, with a geographic distribution matching closely An. coluzzii's geographic range. This phylogeographic relict of the An. coluzzii and An. gambiae split was associated with population and species structure, but not with the rare Wolbachia occurrence. The lineage was significantly associated with single nucleotide polymorphisms in the nuclear genome, particularly in genes associated with pathogen and insecticide resistance. These findings underline potential mitonuclear coevolution history and the role played by mitochondria in shaping metabolic responses to pathogens and insecticides in Anopheles
Psychosocial Treatment of Children in Foster Care: A Review
A substantial number of children in foster care exhibit psychiatric difficulties. Recent epidemiologi-cal and historical trends in foster care, clinical findings about the adjustment of children in foster care, and adult outcomes are reviewed, followed by a description of current approaches to treatment and extant empirical support. Available interventions for these children can be categorized as either symptom-focused or systemic, with empirical support for specific methods ranging from scant to substantial. Even with treatment, behavioral and emotional problems often persist into adulthood, resulting in poor functional outcomes. We suggest that self-regulation may be an important mediat-ing factor in the appearance of emotional and behavioral disturbance in these children
Riociguat treatment in patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension: Final safety data from the EXPERT registry
Objective: The soluble guanylate cyclase stimulator riociguat is approved for the treatment of adult patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and inoperable or persistent/recurrent chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) following Phase
La violencia política y su relación con ansiedad, depresión y abuso de alcohol en la población adolescente de tres ciudades de la sierra del Perú.
Objetivo: Identificar la relación entre el antecedente familiar de violencia política y los trastornos de ansiedad,depresión y abuso de alcohol en la población adolescente de tres ciudades de la sierra peruana. Método: Se utilizóla base de datos del Estudio Epidemiológico de Salud Mental de la Sierra Peruana 2003, realizado por el InstitutoNacional de Salud Mental “Honorio Delgado–Hideyo Noguchi”. Se tomó la prevalencia de ansiedad, depresión yde abuso de alcohol, y se correlacionó con el antecedente familiar de violencia política. Resultados: La posibilidadde encontrar trastorno de ansiedad generalizada es aproximadamente dos veces mayor en adolescentes que tuvieronantecedente de algún tipo de pérdida de algún familiar; la de encontrar por lo menos un criterio de abuso de alcoholes aproximadamente 2 veces mayor en adolescentes que tuvieron el antecedente de pérdida de algún familiarpor hechos vinculados a la violencia política; y la de encontrar por lo menos dos criterios de abuso de alcoholes aproximadamente 3 veces mayor en adolescentes que tuvieron el antecedente de haber tenido algún familiaren prisión como consecuencia de hechos vinculados a la violencia política. No se encontró asociación entre elantecedente de violencia política con la prevalencia actual de episodio depresivo ni distimia. Conclusión: Losadolescentes con antecedentes vinculados a la violencia política, tienen mayor posibilidad de presentar ansiedadgeneralizada y abuso de alcohol que sus pares que no tienen ese antecedente, por lo tanto la exposición a violenciasería un factor de riesgo
Shock séptico por aflatoxinas en un mono araña (Ateles fusciceps robustus) procedente del Bioparque Los Ocarro
Titulo en ingles: Septic shock for aflatoxinas in a monkey claws (Ateles fusciceps robustus) coming from the Bioparque Los Ocarros RESUMEN:Un Ateles fusciceps robustus (mono araña) macho castrado procedente del Bioparque Los Ocarros se remitió para necropsia al Laboratorio de Patología de la Universidad de los Llanos. Los principales hallazgos a la inspección externa fueron estado de carnes disminuido, mucosas pálidas, pelaje opaco, cavidad oral con laceraciones bilaterales, gingivitis y placa bacteriana; tonsilas y ganglios mandibulares y axilares congestionados. A la necropsia se observó mucosa traqueal ligeramente congestionada, neumonía intersticial aguda, dilatación y congestión de las cuatro cámaras cardiacas. En la cavidad abdominal: hígado amarillento, con cambios necróticos en la porción apical lobular y una pequeña zona nodular de cicatrización. La mucosa del píloro, intestino y colon congestionadas y focos necróticos en el colon, evidenciando una enteritis necrótica.Bazo con hemorragias equimóticas y petequiales, omento arborizado, vesícula biliar pletórica ganglios mesentéricos caudales congestionados. En la cavidad pélvica: corteza renal difusamente de color rojo café en forma radiada en la médula coloración rojo café oscuro, diagnosticándose una nefrosis hemoglobinúrica. La vejiga urinaria pletórica con la mucosa congestionada. Histológicamente fue hallado un pulmón con síndrome de distress respiratorio agudo o pulmón de shock (ARDS) y una neumonía de tipo intersticial o bronco intersticial. En general se concluye la ocurrencia de shock séptico compatible con intoxicación por aflatoxinas, caracterizado por esplenitis supurativa, esteatosis severa, hepatitis mononuclear y cirrosis hepática lobular, enteritis hemorrágica necrótica, miocarditis, glomerulitis supurativa mesangial y meningoencefalitis mononucle.ABSTRACT: A castrated male Ateles fusciceps robustus (spider monkey) with history of food consumption based on concentrated and fruits, from the Bioparque Los Ocarros was remitted for autopsy to the laboratory of Pathology of the Universidad de los Llanos. The main discoveries of the external inspection were: a diminished meats state, pale mucous, opaque coat, and oral cavity with bilateral lacerations, gingivitis and bacterial plaque, congested mandible, tonsillar and axillary ganglion. To the necropsy it was observed lightly congested tracheal mucosa, sharp interstitial pneumonia, dilation and congestion of the four heart cameras. In the abdomnal cavity: yellowish liver, with necrotic changes in the apical lobar portion and small nodular area of scaring. The mucosa of the pylorus, intestine and colon was congested. The were necrotics focuses in the colon evidencing a necrotics enteritis. Spleen with equimotics and pethequial hemorrhages. Congested mesenteric, plethoric biliary vesicle and congested flows mesenteric ganglion. In the pelvic cavity: The renal cortices was diffusely stained red brown as radially oriented form and in the renal medulla the coloration was dark red, being diagnosed hemoglobinuric nephrosis. The mucosa of plethoric urinar y bladder was congested. Histologycally was found a lung with acute respiratory distress syndrome; shock lung (ARDS) and an interstitial pneumonia our bronchointersticial pneumonia. In ge- neral you concludes the occurrence of septic shock compatible for intoxication aflatoxins, characterized by suppurative spleenitis, epatic lipidosis, mononuclear hepatitis and lobar liver cirrhosis, hemorrhagic necroticenteritis, myocarditis, suppurative glomerulitis mesangial and mononuclear meningoencephalitisTitulo en ingles: Septic shock for aflatoxinas in a monkey claws (Ateles fusciceps robustus) coming from the Bioparque Los Ocarros RESUMEN:Un Ateles fusciceps robustus (mono araña) macho castrado procedente del Bioparque Los Ocarros se remitió para necropsia al Laboratorio de Patología de la Universidad de los Llanos. Los principales hallazgos a la inspección externa fueron estado de carnes disminuido, mucosas pálidas, pelaje opaco, cavidad oral con laceraciones bilaterales, gingivitis y placa bacteriana; tonsilas y ganglios mandibulares y axilares congestionados. A la necropsia se observó mucosa traqueal ligeramente congestionada, neumonía intersticial aguda, dilatación y congestión de las cuatro cámaras cardiacas. En la cavidad abdominal: hígado amarillento, con cambios necróticos en la porción apical lobular y una pequeña zona nodular de cicatrización. La mucosa del píloro, intestino y colon congestionadas y focos necróticos en el colon, evidenciando una enteritis necrótica.Bazo con hemorragias equimóticas y petequiales, omento arborizado, vesícula biliar pletórica ganglios mesentéricos caudales congestionados. En la cavidad pélvica: corteza renal difusamente de color rojo café en forma radiada en la médula coloración rojo café oscuro, diagnosticándose una nefrosis hemoglobinúrica. La vejiga urinaria pletórica con la mucosa congestionada. Histológicamente fue hallado un pulmón con síndrome de distress respiratorio agudo o pulmón de shock (ARDS) y una neumonía de tipo intersticial o bronco intersticial. En general se concluye la ocurrencia de shock séptico compatible con intoxicación por aflatoxinas, caracterizado por esplenitis supurativa, esteatosis severa, hepatitis mononuclear y cirrosis hepática lobular, enteritis hemorrágica necrótica, miocarditis, glomerulitis supurativa mesangial y meningoencefalitis mononucle.ABSTRACT: A castrated male Ateles fusciceps robustus (spider monkey) with history of food consumption based on concentrated and fruits, from the Bioparque Los Ocarros was remitted for autopsy to the laboratory of Pathology of the Universidad de los Llanos. The main discoveries of the external inspection were: a diminished meats state, pale mucous, opaque coat, and oral cavity with bilateral lacerations, gingivitis and bacterial plaque, congested mandible, tonsillar and axillary ganglion. To the necropsy it was observed lightly congested tracheal mucosa, sharp interstitial pneumonia, dilation and congestion of the four heart cameras. In the abdomnal cavity: yellowish liver, with necrotic changes in the apical lobar portion and small nodular area of scaring. The mucosa of the pylorus, intestine and colon was congested. The were necrotics focuses in the colon evidencing a necrotics enteritis. Spleen with equimotics and pethequial hemorrhages. Congested mesenteric, plethoric biliary vesicle and congested flows mesenteric ganglion. In the pelvic cavity: The renal cortices was diffusely stained red brown as radially oriented form and in the renal medulla the coloration was dark red, being diagnosed hemoglobinuric nephrosis. The mucosa of plethoric urinar y bladder was congested. Histologycally was found a lung with acute respiratory distress syndrome; shock lung (ARDS) and an interstitial pneumonia our bronchointersticial pneumonia. In ge- neral you concludes the occurrence of septic shock compatible for intoxication aflatoxins, characterized by suppurative spleenitis, epatic lipidosis, mononuclear hepatitis and lobar liver cirrhosis, hemorrhagic necroticenteritis, myocarditis, suppurative glomerulitis mesangial and mononuclear meningoencephaliti