Eugenol as an anesthetic for juvenile common snook

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a eficácia do eugenol como anestésico para juvenis de robalo‑flecha e determinar a concentração mínima eficaz que pode ser utilizada em procedimentos de manejo. No primeiro experimento, juvenis de robalo‑flexa foram submetidos a banhos de imersão com concentrações a 25, 50, 75, 100, 125 e 150 mg L-1 de eugenol; em seguida, o tempo de indução e a recuperação foram avaliados. No segundo experimento, o tempo de exposição letal (LT50) a 75 mg L-1 foi estimado. A concentração de eugenol mínima e eficaz foi de 50 mg L-1, e o estágio de anestesia profunda e a recuperação foram alcançados, respectivamente, em 126,3 e 208,8 s. A 75 mg L-1, o LT50 foi de 1.314 s, e o tempo de indução e recuperação foram satisfatórios; entretanto, os peixes não toleram mais de 229 s de exposição.The objective of this work was to evaluate the efficacy of eugenol as an anesthetic for juvenile common snook, and to determine the minimum effective concentration for use in handling procedures. In the first trial, juvenile common snook were subjected to immersion baths at 25, 50, 75, 100, 125, and 150 mg L-1 eugenol concentrations, after which induction and recovery times were evaluated. In the second experiment, the lethal exposure time (LT50) at 75 mg L-1 was estimated. Minimum effective eugenol concentration was 50 mg L-1, and the stage of deep anesthesia and recovery were, respectively, reached at 126.3 and 208.8 s. At 75 mg L-1, LT50 was 1,314 s, and induction time and recovery were also satisfactory; however, fish cannot tolerate over 229 s exposure

Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil: setting the baseline knowledge on the animal diversity in Brazil

The limited temporal completeness and taxonomic accuracy of species lists, made available in a traditional manner in scientific publications, has always represented a problem. These lists are invariably limited to a few taxonomic groups and do not represent up-to-date knowledge of all species and classifications. In this context, the Brazilian megadiverse fauna is no exception, and the Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil (CTFB) (http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/), made public in 2015, represents a database on biodiversity anchored on a list of valid and expertly recognized scientific names of animals in Brazil. The CTFB is updated in near real time by a team of more than 800 specialists. By January 1, 2024, the CTFB compiled 133,691 nominal species, with 125,138 that were considered valid. Most of the valid species were arthropods (82.3%, with more than 102,000 species) and chordates (7.69%, with over 11,000 species). These taxa were followed by a cluster composed of Mollusca (3,567 species), Platyhelminthes (2,292 species), Annelida (1,833 species), and Nematoda (1,447 species). All remaining groups had less than 1,000 species reported in Brazil, with Cnidaria (831 species), Porifera (628 species), Rotifera (606 species), and Bryozoa (520 species) representing those with more than 500 species. Analysis of the CTFB database can facilitate and direct efforts towards the discovery of new species in Brazil, but it is also fundamental in providing the best available list of valid nominal species to users, including those in science, health, conservation efforts, and any initiative involving animals. The importance of the CTFB is evidenced by the elevated number of citations in the scientific literature in diverse areas of biology, law, anthropology, education, forensic science, and veterinary science, among others

Acute toxicity of pyrazosulfuron-ethyl and permethrin to juvenile Litopenaeus vannamei =Toxicidade aguda de pirazossulfurom-etílico e permethrin em juvenis de camarão branco Litopenaeus vannamei

The objective of this study was to determine the LC50 (96h) of two pesticides: SiriusR 250 SC herbicide of the pyrazosulfuron-ethyl group, and TalcordR insecticide of the permethrin group, on juvenile Litopenaeus vannamei. Shrimp total hemocyte count (THC) was also determined as an indication of physiological alterations caused by the pesticides. Juvenile shrimp (5.0 } 0.5 g) were exposed to the following concentrations: 0, 0.1, 1.0, 10, 100 and 1000 ƒÊg L-1 SiriusR 250 SC; and 0, 0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 1.0 and 10 ƒÊg L-1 TalcordR. The TalcordR LC50 (96h) was of 0.00933 ƒÊg L-1 or 9.33 ng L-1. There were no significant changes in the THC between control and test groups. No SiriusR 250 SC concentrations tested killed more than 50%of the shrimp; therefore, the herbicide was considered not toxic to the juveniles. However, the THC showed significant differences between the control and test groups, suggesting sublethal effects to L. vannamei juveniles. According to the results, the insecticide TalcordR is highly lethal for L. vannamei and the herbicide SiriusR 250 SC was not lethal in the concentrations tested but showed sublethal effects as lower THC. The results demonstrate the risks involved in farming L. vannamei shrimp near rice cultures where these pesticides are routinely used.<br><br>O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a CL50 (96h) dos agroquimicos SiriusR 250 SC, herbicida a base de pirazossulfurom-etilico, e TalcordR, inseticida a base de permethrin, em juvenis de Litopenaeus vannamei, bem como avaliar possiveis alteracoes fisiologicas por meio da contagem total de hemocitos (CTH) dos camaroes. Juvenis de L. vannamei (5,0 } 0,5 g) foram expostos as seguintes concentracoes dos agroquimicos: SiriusR 250 SC, 0; 0,1; 1; 10; 100 e 1.000 ƒÊg L-1, e TalcordR, 0; 0,001; 0,01; 0,1; 1 e 10 ƒÊg L-1. A CL50 (96h) do inseticida TalcordR foi de 0,00933 ƒÊg L-1 ou 9,33 ng L-1. Nao houve alteracoes significativas da CTH entre as medias dos grupos-controle e dos submetidos ao inseticida. Combase nas concentracoes testadas do herbicida SiriusR 250 SC, nao foi possivel determinar a CL50 (96h), assim, este produto nao foi considerado toxico para os juvenis de L. vannamei. Porem, a CTH dos camaroes expostos ao herbicida demonstrou diferencas significativas entre as medias do controle e dos tratamentos, o que evidenciou efeito subletal. Os resultados permitem concluir que o inseticida TalcordR e altamente letal para os juvenis de L. vannamei e o herbicida SiriusR 250 SC, apesar de nao ter a mesma toxicidade, apresenta efeito subletal relacionado com a diminuicao na CTH. Os resultados sugerem a existencia de riscos em se cultivar L. vannamei nas proximidades de fazendas de arroz, em que defensivos agricolas sao usados rotineiramente

Acute toxicity of pyrazosulfuron-ethyl and permethrin to juvenile Litopenaeus vannamei - doi: 10.4025/actascibiolsci.v33i1.6974

The objective of this study was to determine the LC50 (96h) of two pesticides: Sirius® 250 SC herbicide of the pyrazosulfuron-ethyl group, and Talcord® insecticide of the permethrin group, on juvenile Litopenaeus vannamei. Shrimp total hemocyte count (THC) was also determined as an indication of physiological alterations caused by the pesticides. Juvenile shrimp (5.0 ± 0.5 g) were exposed to the following concentrations: 0, 0.1, 1.0, 10, 100 and 1000 µg L-1 Sirius® 250 SC; and 0, 0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 1.0 and 10 µg L-1 Talcord®. The Talcord® LC50 (96h) was of 0.00933 µg L-1 or 9.33 ng L-1. There were no significant changes in the THC between control and test groups. No Sirius® 250 SC concentrations tested killed more than 50% of the shrimp; therefore, the herbicide was considered not toxic to the juveniles. However, the THC showed significant differences between the control and test groups, suggesting sublethal effects to L. vannamei juveniles. According to the results, the insecticide Talcord® is highly lethal for L. vannamei and the herbicide Sirius® 250 SC was not lethal in the concentrations tested but showed sublethal effects as lower THC. The results demonstrate the risks involved in farming L. vannamei shrimp near rice cultures where these pesticides are routinely used.The objective of this study was to determine the LC50 (96h) of two pesticides: Sirius® 250 SC herbicide of the pyrazosulfuron-ethyl group, and Talcord® insecticide of the permethrin group, on juvenile Litopenaeus vannamei. Shrimp total hemocyte count (THC) was also determined as an indication of physiological alterations caused by the pesticides. Juvenile shrimp (5.0 ± 0.5 g) were exposed to the following concentrations: 0, 0.1, 1.0, 10, 100 and 1000 µg L-1 Sirius® 250 SC; and 0, 0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 1.0 and 10 µg L-1 Talcord®. The Talcord® LC50 (96h) was of 0.00933 µg L-1 or 9.33 ng L-1. There were no significant changes in the THC between control and test groups. No Sirius® 250 SC concentrations tested killed more than 50% of the shrimp; therefore, the herbicide was considered not toxic to the juveniles. However, the THC showed significant differences between the control and test groups, suggesting sublethal effects to L. vannamei juveniles. According to the results, the insecticide Talcord® is highly lethal for L. vannamei and the herbicide Sirius® 250 SC was not lethal in the concentrations tested but showed sublethal effects as lower THC. The results demonstrate the risks involved in farming L. vannamei shrimp near rice cultures where these pesticides are routinely used

Híbrido de tilápia vermelha como alternativa de isca viva para a pesca de tunídeos

Este trabalho experimental foi proposto com a participação da Epagri/ Cl-JPC1 e Univali/CTTMar\ parn desenvolver estudos da utilização da tilápia vermelha como isca viva

An OpenMP Parallel Implementation for Numerical Simulation of Gas Reservoirs Using Intel Xeon Phi Coprocessor

The objective of this work is to parallelize, using the Application Programming Interface (API) OpenMP (Open Multi-Processing) and Intel Xeon Phi coprocessor based on Intel Many Integrated Core (MIC) architecture, the numerical method used to solve the algebraic system resulting from the discretization of the differential partial equation that describes the single-phase flow in a gas reservoir. The set of governing equations are the continuity equation,&nbsp;the Darcy’s law and an equation of state. The Hydraulic Diffusivity Equation (HDE), for the unknown pressure, is obtained from this set of fundamental equations and it is discretized by means of the Finite Difference Method (FDM) along with a time implicit formulation. Different numerical tests are performed in order to study the computational efficiency of the parallelized versions of Conjugate Gradient (CG), BiConjugate Gradient (BiCG) and BiConjugate Gradient Stabilized (BiCGStab)methods,and different production scenarios were considered for horizontal wells and single-phase gas flow. The influence of different physical parameters as, for example, permeability on the wellbore pressure is also considered. Speed-up results are considered in order to evaluate the performance of the parallel algorithms

How many species of Mollusca are there in Brazil? A collective taxonomic effort to reveal this still unknown diversity

The expression ‘you need to know to conserve’ is a well-known cliche among biologists. Documenting the richness of a group of organisms is the first step towards understanding biodiversity and preparing efficient conservation plans. In this context, many efforts have been made to quantify the number of species on Earth and estimate the number of species still unknown to science. A few countries have complete and integrated databases estimating the approximate number of species recorded for their territory, particularly in the Global South. In Brazil, a country of continental dimensions, revealing the richness of the second most diverse clade of invertebrates (=Mollusca) has been a goal of taxonomists. Recently, in an unprecedented, collective, and integrated effort among Brazilian malacologists, it was possible to estimate how many valid species of molluscs are there in Brazil. In this effort, more than 30 mollusc experts joined together to update the Taxonomic Catalogue of the Brazilian Fauna (TCBF), a governmental website that allows a quick and real-time updating of all Metazoan. So far, more than 5,000 updates have been made in TCBF, indicating the presence of 3,552 valid species of molluscs in Brazil, distributed among the main clades as follows: Caudofoveata (10 spp.), Solenogastres (6 spp.), Polyplacophora (35 spp.), Scaphopoda (43 spp.), Cephalopoda (92 spp.), Bivalvia (629 spp.) and Gastropoda (2,737 spp.). The present study, in addition to demonstrating for the first time the richness of Brazilian molluscs, also presents the state of the art of this important phylum of invertebrates highlighting its most representative and neglected groups