Cobertura vacinal: uma análise comparativa entre os estados da Região Norte do Brasil

INTRODUÇÃO: A cobertura vacinal informa o percentual de crianças imunizadas e estima o nível de proteção da população infantil contra determinada doença. OBJETIVO: Comparar a cobertura vacinal entre os estados da Região Norte, no período de 2015 a 2019. MÉTODO: Trata-se de um estudo epidemiológico de análise descritiva que utilizou como fonte de dados o Sistema de Avaliação do Programa de Imunizações (API) e a base de dados do Departamento de Informática do SUS (DATASUS) para os anos 2015 a 2019. Foram incluídos nesse estudo os imunobiológicos: BCG, Rotavírus Humano, Meningococo C, Hepatite B, Pentavalente, Pneumocócica, Poliomielite, Febre Amarela e Hepatite A. RESULTADOS: A Região Norte possui a menor cobertura vacinal entre as cinco regiões do Brasil (79,20). O estado da Região Norte com maior cobertura vacinal foi Rondônia (100,02) e com menor foi o Pará (69,37). A vacina BCG é a única que apresenta cobertura vacinal média superior a 90 (94,18). CONCLUSÕES: Evidencia-se a necessidade de compreender o contexto e as peculiaridades das diversas áreas nacionais para a elaboração de políticas de saúde mais específicas e eficazes para o aumento das taxas de cobertura vacinal

Building a Portuguese Coalition for Biodiversity Genomics

The diverse physiography of the Portuguese land and marine territory, spanning from continental Europe to the Atlantic archipelagos, has made it an important repository of biodiversity throughout the Pleistocene glacial cycles, leading to a remarkable diversity of species and ecosystems. This rich biodiversity is under threat from anthropogenic drivers, such as climate change, invasive species, land use changes, overexploitation or pathogen (re)emergence. The inventory, characterization and study of biodiversity at inter- and intra-specific levels using genomics is crucial to promote its preservation and recovery by informing biodiversity conservation policies, management measures and research. The participation of researchers from Portuguese institutions in the European Reference Genome Atlas (ERGA) initiative, and its pilot effort to generate reference genomes for European biodiversity, has reinforced the establishment of Biogenome Portugal. This nascent institutional network will connect the national community of researchers in genomics. Here, we describe the Portuguese contribution to ERGA’s pilot effort, which will generate high-quality reference genomes of six species from Portugal that are endemic, iconic and/or endangered, and include plants, insects and vertebrates (fish, birds and mammals) from mainland Portugal or the Azores islands. In addition, we outline the objectives of Biogenome Portugal, which aims to (i) promote scientific collaboration, (ii) contribute to advanced training, (iii) stimulate the participation of institutions and researchers based in Portugal in international biodiversity genomics initiatives, and (iv) contribute to the transfer of knowledge to stakeholders and engaging the public to preserve biodiversity. This initiative will strengthen biodiversity genomics research in Portugal and fuel the genomic inventory of Portuguese eukaryotic species. Such efforts will be critical to the conservation of the country’s rich biodiversity and will contribute to ERGA’s goal of generating reference genomes for European species.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Antifungal activity of amphotericin B conjugated to nanosized magnetite in the treatment of paracoccidioidomycosis

This study reports on in vitro and in vivo tests that sought to assess the antifungal activity of a newly developed magnetic carrier system comprising amphotericin B loaded onto the surface of pre-coated (with a double-layer of lauric acid) magnetite nanoparticles. The in vitro tests compared two drugs; i.e., this newly developed form and free amphotericin B. We found that this nanocomplex exhibited antifungal activity without cytotoxicity to human urinary cells and with low cytotoxicity to peritoneal macrophages. We also evaluated the efficacy of the nanocomplex in experimental paracoccidioidomycosis. BALB/c mice were intratracheally infected with Paracoccidioides brasiliensis and treated with the compound for 30 or 60 days beginning the day after infection. The newly developed amphotericin B coupled with magnetic nanoparticles was effective against experimental paracoccidioidomycosis, and it did not induce clinical, biochemical or histopathological alterations. The nanocomplex also did not induce genotoxic effects in bone marrow cells. Therefore, it is reasonable to believe that amphotericin B coupled to magnetic nanoparticles and stabilized with bilayer lauric acid is a promising nanotool for the treatment of the experimental paracoccidioidomycosis because it exhibited antifungal activity that was similar to that of free amphotericin B, did not induce adverse effects in therapeutic doses and allowed for a reduction in the number of applications

Building a Portuguese coalition for biodiversity genomics

The diverse physiography of the Portuguese land and marine territory, spanning from continental Europe to the Atlantic archipelagos, has made it an important repository of biodiversity throughout the Pleistocene glacial cycles, leading to a remarkable diversity of species and ecosystems. This rich biodiversity is under threat from anthropogenic drivers, such as climate change, invasive species, land use changes, overexploitation, or pathogen (re)emergence. The inventory, characterisation, and study of biodiversity at inter- and intra-specific levels using genomics is crucial to promote its preservation and recovery by informing biodiversity conservation policies, management measures, and research. The participation of researchers from Portuguese institutions in the European Reference Genome Atlas (ERGA) initiative and its pilot effort to generate reference genomes for European biodiversity has reinforced the establishment of Biogenome Portugal. This nascent institutional network will connect the national community of researchers in genomics. Here, we describe the Portuguese contribution to ERGA’s pilot effort, which will generate high-quality reference genomes of six species from Portugal that are endemic, iconic, and/or endangered and include plants, insects, and vertebrates (fish, birds, and mammals) from mainland Portugal or the Azores islands. In addition, we outline the objectives of Biogenome Portugal, which aims to (i) promote scientific collaboration, (ii) contribute to advanced training, (iii) stimulate the participation of institutions and researchers based in Portugal in international biodiversity genomics initiatives, and (iv) contribute to the transfer of knowledge to stakeholders and engaging the public to preserve biodiversity. This initiative will strengthen biodiversity genomics research in Portugal and fuel the genomic inventory of Portuguese eukaryotic species. Such efforts will be critical to the conservation of the country’s rich biodiversity and will contribute to ERGA’s goal of generating reference genomes for European species.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

A list of land plants of Parque Nacional do Caparaó, Brazil, highlights the presence of sampling gaps within this protected area

Brazilian protected areas are essential for plant conservation in the Atlantic Forest domain, one of the 36 global biodiversity hotspots. A major challenge for improving conservation actions is to know the plant richness, protected by these areas. Online databases offer an accessible way to build plant species lists and to provide relevant information about biodiversity. A list of land plants of “Parque Nacional do Caparaó” (PNC) was previously built using online databases and published on the website "Catálogo de Plantas das Unidades de Conservação do Brasil." Here, we provide and discuss additional information about plant species richness, endemism and conservation in the PNC that could not be included in the List. We documented 1,791 species of land plants as occurring in PNC, of which 63 are cited as threatened (CR, EN or VU) by the Brazilian National Red List, seven as data deficient (DD) and five as priorities for conservation. Fifity-one species were possible new ocurrences for ES and MG states

Dexmedetomidina versus outros sedativos na prevenção de Delirium nos adultos em ventilação mecânica

Delirium é uma síndrome neurocognitiva aguda relativamente comum e grave que se caracteriza por desatenção, consciência alterada, disfunção cognitiva e curso flutuante, e pode levar à mortalidade, declínio funcional, institucionalização e demência, com maior incidência nos pacientes mais velhos. Pacientes hospitalizados na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva (UTI) e em uso de ventilação mecânica (VM), quando sedados em excesso, possuem maior duração de permanência na UTI, aumento da duração da VM, maior incidência de delirium e mortalidade. Estudos apontam que a dexmedetomidina reduz a incidência de delirium em pacientes adultos hospitalizados na UTI e em uso de ventilação mecânica quando comparada com outros sedativos. Desse modo, o objetivo do estudo é comparar a dexmedetomidina e outros sedativos na prevenção de delirium nos adultos em ventilação mecânica. Trata-se de uma revisão bibliográfica integrativa, do tipo quantitativa, que utilizou as plataformas do PubMed, SciELO e Cochrane Library como bases de dados para seleção dos artigos, todos na língua inglesa. Foram utilizadas literaturas publicadas com recorte temporal de 2017 a 2022. De acordo com as literaturas analisadas, conclui-se que, quando comparado com outros sedativos gabaminérgicos, como os benzodiazepínicos e o propofol, a dexmedetomidina diminui significativamente a incidência de delirium nos pacientes adultos em ventilação mecânica na UTI, com melhora da capacidade de despertar do paciente, preservação do desempenho cognitivo e redução do risco de depressão respiratória. Desse modo, pesquisas futuras sobre as propriedades farmacológicas da dexmedetomidina podem ajudar a determinar se esta droga possui propriedades neuroprotetoras intrínsecas, sendo assim, tal descoberta facilitaria o desenvolvimento de análogos com menos efeitos colaterais cardiorrespiratórios, tendo em vista seu efeito hemodinâmico, com bradicardia e possível hipotensão associadas

DOENÇA TROFOBLÁSTICA GESTACIONAL: ASPECTOS FISIOPATOLÓGICOS E TRATAMENTO

In this literature review, the general objective is to provide a comprehensive and updated analysis of the pathophysiological aspects and treatment of Gestational Trophoblastic Disease (GTD). The specific objectives seek to present a critical discussion of the results found to inform health professionals and contribute to more effective approaches in the management of this clinical condition, in addition to increasing awareness about GTD and improving emotional and psychosocial support for women facing this disease. GTD is a rare but serious condition that requires accurate diagnosis and a multidisciplinary approach. The main initial detection methods are serum hCG measurement and ultrasound, with histopathological analysis of endometrial biopsy necessary for diagnostic confirmation. The type of DTG identified is crucial in determining the most appropriate therapeutic approach. Treatment involves surgery to remove the molar placenta in complete hydatidiform moles and chemotherapy for choriocarcinoma and trophoblastic tumor of the placental site, generally presenting positive results with high remission and cure rates, although long-term follow-up is essential to detect recurrences. and complications. In addition to the pathophysiological and therapeutic aspects, emotional and psychological support is essential throughout the treatment and recovery process, considering the significant impact on patients' emotional health. Knowledge gaps were identified in the reviewed literature, highlighting the need for additional research to deepen the understanding of GTD, including risk factors, pathogenesis, more accurate biomarkers and new therapeutic approaches, in order to improve the management and prognosis of the disease. In conclusion, this bibliographical review contributes to the knowledge of GTD, highlighting its characteristics, diagnosis and treatment, and emphasizes the importance of a multidisciplinary approach to ensure adequate care, considering clinical, emotional and practical aspects of patients, in addition to encouraging new research to improve the care of these women facing this complex condition.Neste trabalho de revisão bibliográfica, o objetivo geral é fornecer uma análise abrangente e atualizada dos aspectos fisiopatológicos e tratamento da Doença Trofoblástica Gestacional (DTG). Os objetivos específicos buscam apresentar uma discussão crítica dos resultados encontrados para informar profissionais de saúde e contribuir com abordagens mais eficazes no manejo dessa condição clínica, além de aumentar a conscientização sobre a DTG e melhorar o suporte emocional e psicossocial às mulheres enfrentando essa doença. A DTG é uma condição rara, mas grave, que requer diagnóstico preciso e abordagem multidisciplinar. Os principais métodos de detecção inicial são a dosagem sérica de hCG e a ultrassonografia, sendo a análise histopatológica de biópsia endometrial necessária para confirmação diagnóstica. O tipo de DTG identificado é crucial para determinar a abordagem terapêutica mais adequada. O tratamento envolve cirurgia para remoção da placenta molar em molas hidatiformes completas e quimioterapia para o coriocarcinoma e o tumor trofoblástico do sítio placentário, apresentando geralmente resultados positivos com altas taxas de remissão e cura, embora o acompanhamento a longo prazo seja essencial para detecção de recorrências e complicações. Além dos aspectos fisiopatológicos e terapêuticos, o suporte emocional e psicológico é fundamental durante todo o processo de tratamento e recuperação, considerando o impacto significativo na saúde emocional das pacientes. Identificaram-se lacunas de conhecimento na literatura revisada, ressaltando a necessidade de pesquisas adicionais para aprofundar a compreensão da DTG, incluindo fatores de risco, patogênese, biomarcadores mais precisos e novas abordagens terapêuticas, a fim de melhorar o manejo e o prognóstico da doença. Em conclusão, esta revisão bibliográfica contribui para o conhecimento da DTG, destacando suas características, diagnóstico e tratamento, e enfatiza a importância de uma abordagem multidisciplinar para garantir cuidado adequado, considerando aspectos clínicos, emocionais e práticos das pacientes, além de incentivar novas pesquisas para aprimorar o cuidado dessas mulheres enfrentando essa condição complexa

Cardiomiopatia de Takotsubo: características clínicas e fisiopatologia: revisão sistemática: Takotsubo cardiomyopathy: clinical features and pathophysiology: a systematic review

A cardiomiopatia de Takotsubo diz respeito a uma forma aguda e reversível da insuficiência cardíaca em que muitas das vezes está correlacionada com a síndrome coronariana aguda. Essa pesquisa tem como objetivo evidenciar as características clínicas e a fisiopatologia da cardiomiopatia de Takotsubo. Trata-se de uma Revisão Integrativa da Literatura. Foram encontrados 4 artigos, sendo 3 desses relatos de caso. Após análise e interpretação dos dados, concluiu-se que a cardiomiopatia de Takotsubo apresenta características clínicas que podem se confundir a outras doenças coronarianas, por isso é essencial o diagnóstico diferencial. Percebe-se a necessidade de mais estudos referentes à temática da cardiomiopatia de Takotsubo

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio