Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Complementary and Alternative Medicine among Program’s Residents in Tabuk, Saudi Arabia

BACKGROUND: Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) focuses on stimulating the body’s ability to heal itself through energy alignment, herbal supplementation, and other balancing techniques. AIM: The objective of the study was to investigate and compare the Knowledge Attitude Practice (KAP) of CAM among program’s residents in Tabuk region. METHODS: A cross-sectional CAP study was conducted among program’s residents in Tabuk region. All program’s residents of all specialties in Tabuk region were included in the study. Data were collected by predesigned electronic questionnaire covering the needed items. Collected data were coded and analyzed using SPSS Inc., Chicago, Illinois, USA. The Chi-square test was used as a test of significance and p = 0.05 or less was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: Most (95.8%) of the participants have heard about CAM, 25% have used CAM in treatment before, and 72.3% of them reported beneficial outcome, 25.7% strongly agree and 48.6% agree that CAM is a useful complement to pharmacological medicine, 38.2% believed that the results of CAM are usually due to the placebo effect, and 52.1% recommended using CAM. On the other hand, 79.9% have knowledge about acupuncture, 54.9% spiritual healing and herbal medicine, 43.1% massage, 41% yoga, 70.8% bloodletting cupping, and 56.3% about cauterization. More than third (38.2%) of the participants agreed that the use of herbal products is a valid form of drugs which can be used for the treatment of variety of diseases, 48.6% agreed that CAM is a useful complement to pharmacological medicine, while 36.1% strongly agreed that CAM treatments are not tested in a scientifically recognized manner. CONCLUSION: In our study, the majority of program’s residents in Tabuk region agree that CAM is a useful complement to pharmacological medicine and recommended using CAM while reasonable percentage of them believed that the results of CAM are usually due to the placebo effect

Requirement Model for PEKA Management System: A Case Study in Kubang Pasu Secondary Schools

PEKA is Penilaian Kemahiran Amali, the Assessments of Science Process Skills. In the secondary schools, PEKA involves Science, Physics, Chemistry and Biology subjects.It is implemented in Malaysian schools to enhance the effectiveness of teaching and learning of science in schools. However, teachers are facing problems and more workload in managing and recording the PEKA results since it is conducted manually. Therefore this study is to utilise a requirement model as a basis to develop a PEKA Management System so as to assist teachers in managing PEKA assessment in schools.It is also aimed to minimize the burden shouldered by teachers in the process of recording and managing the results. The requirement model consists of use case diagrams, use case specifications, class diagrams, sequence diagrams, collaboration diagrams, activity diagrams and supporting textual information. A prototype was then developed based on these diagrammatically models which were used to validate the users' requirements. The prototype was able to auto-calculate the grades obtained by students in this assessment. Through requirement testing, 37 functional requirements and 2 non-functional requirements were validated. Thus, this study is essential in developing PEKA Management System which can reduce the problems face by the teachers in the schools or any other educational organizations

Dual solution of melting heat transfer efficiency in radiative hybrid (Cu-Al2O3/water) nanofluid flow

Hybrid nanofluids have been proposed as a new class of nanofluids, whose thermal properties and potential utility have been identified to serve the purpose of enhancing heat transfer rates. The main objective of the present analysis is to study the emerging unsteady hybrid nanofluid flows through porous medium with the impacts of melting temperature and slip velocity on the surface. Additionally, the heat transportation is analyzed with the presence of, thermal radiation, Joule heating and heat source/sink over a stretched/shrunk surface. Here two distinct nanoparticles (Cu- Al2O3) considered to examine the flow field over the shrinking/stretching surface. The Navier-Stokes equations are used in the process of developing the mathematical model under the mentioned assumptions. By utilizing the suitable transformations, the modeled equations are converted into non-linear ordinary differential equations. The formulated mathematical differential system is solved numerically by bvp4c technique in MATLAB. Dual nature study is focused in which solid lines show the first solution and dash lines for the second solutions. The behavior of hybrid nanofluids in terms of velocity and temperature distribution have been visualized graphically. For better understanding of the flow features and heat transfer rate, variation in skin friction coefficients and the Nusselt number of hybrid nanofluids are closely examined. We find from the present study that the rate of heat transfer is enhanced in the hybrid nanofluids by the impact of melting temperature. Moreover, in the first solution, skin friction coefficient rises with the enlargement of magnetic field parameter while heat transfer rate reduces in this situation. Additionally, the velocity profile reduces by the influence of unsteadiness parameter in the first solution while rises in the second solution. The heat transfer process at the surface is improved when a stronger Melting temperature is taken into account