Maximum Likelihood (ML) phylogenetic analysis of the combined COI and 16S dataset.

<p>Bootstrap support values are indicated below the branches. For each specimen, we indicated the traditional taxonomic identification, the specimen code and the Barcode Index Number (BIN). The main taxonomic groups are colour-coded: Anophelinae in red, among the Culicinae, Aedini in turquoise, Culicini in green, Orthopodomyiini in grey, Sabethini in blue and Toxorhynchitini in purple.</p

Identification success using the Kimura-2 parameter distances with three different criteria: ‘Nearest-neighbour’, ‘best close match’ and ‘BOLD ID’.

<p>Identification success using the Kimura-2 parameter distances with three different criteria: ‘Nearest-neighbour’, ‘best close match’ and ‘BOLD ID’.</p

Successes and failures of sixty years of vector control in French Guiana: what is the next step?

<div><p>Since the 1940s, French Guiana has implemented vector control to contain or eliminate malaria, yellow fever, and, recently, dengue, chikungunya, and Zika. Over time, strategies have evolved depending on the location, efficacy of the methods, development of insecticide resistance, and advances in vector control techniques. This review summarises the history of vector control in French Guiana by reporting the records found in the private archives of the Institute Pasteur in French Guiana and those accessible in libraries worldwide. This publication highlights successes and failures in vector control and identifies the constraints and expectations for vector control in this French overseas territory in the Americas.</p></div

Cumulative histogram of genotype proportions per population and phenotype (S: susceptible, R: resistant).

<p>Number of individuals are also mentioned (N). Based on the description of Linss et al. [<a href="http://www.plosntds.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pntd.0004226#pntd.0004226.ref029" target="_blank">29</a>], four alleles were obtained ‘1016V + 1534F’ called S, ‘1016V + 1534C’ (1534 <i>kdr</i>) called R1, ‘1016I + 1534 C’ referred to as R2 (1016 <i>kdr</i>+1534 <i>kdr</i>) and ‘1016I + 1534 F’ referred to as R3 (1016 <i>kdr</i>).</p

Up-regulated genes found in our study and other pyrethroid resistance populations worldwide.

<p>^† Genes up-regulated 2 fold in “<i>Aedes</i> detox” microarrays;</p><p>^¥ other methods;</p><p>*resistant laboratory strain.</p><p>The number and name of populations where they were up-regulated and references are mentioned.</p

characterization of sequences at the Na_V gene: number of individuals (N), frequencies of haplotype A and B, allelic frequencies at position 989, 1011 and 1016 of the amino-acid sequence.

<p>^<b>1</b> haplotype group A is 250 pb of length and B is 234 pb of length. Additionally, two synonymous transitions (a → g) in exon 20, positions 26 and 89, separate the sequences of the two groups (8)</p><p>Ser: Serine, Pro: Proline, Ile: Isoleucine, Met: Methionine, Val: Valine.</p

Fold changes of differentially expressed genes with a putative role in detoxification gene regulation or transformation of their products relative to the susceptible NO strain (Fold change>2; p<0.001).

<p>Fold changes of differentially expressed genes with a putative role in detoxification gene regulation or transformation of their products relative to the susceptible NO strain (Fold change>2; p<0.001).</p

Fold changes of detoxification genes differentially expressed in pyrethroid resistant populations relative to the susceptible NO strain (Fold change>2; p<0.001).

<p>CYP: cytochrome P450 genes, CCE: carboxy/cholinesterase genes, GST: glutathione S-transferase genes.</p

Photographs and schematic representations of traps.

<p>Photographs and schematic representations of (A) the modified BG-sentinel trap, showing the position of the tube containing the card into the trap, the incoming (yellow) and outgoing (blue) air flows, the blue tablet representing the attractant, and (B) the modified ovitrap, showing simple installation of the card.</p

Phylogenetic tree constructed using Bayesian methods based on 1314 nucleotides of the nucleoprotein gene.

<p>Virus names are associated with their accession numbers. Novel sequences generated from the two rabid bats in this study are shown in bold. Support for nodes is provided by the posterior probabilities of the corresponding clades. All resolved nodes have a posterior probability greater than 0.8. Scale bar indicates nucleotide sequence divergence among sequences.</p