Life Histories of the Etnos Concept in Eurasia : An introduction

Peer reviewedPostprin

Up-to-date opportunities of cervical lymph nodes ultrasound investigation in patients, suffering from oral cavity cancer

Background. Incidence of oral cancer in Russia is 4.52 and mortality – 2.44. Head and neck cancer is characterized by the high risk of development of metastases in regional lymph nodes. Lymph nodes status exerts influence on the treatment plan and appears to be the major predictive factor. Regional metastases result into two-fold decrease of five-year survival. Therefore, evaluation and treatment of metastatic lymph nodes is of prime importance. Objective. The aim of this manuscript was to illustrate and summarize publications devoted to modern methods of ultrasound evaluation of cervical lymph node status in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity. Results. Numerous studies have demonstrated, that standard ultrasound investigation (in B-mode) is characterized by high sensitivity and specificity (specificity varies from 71.0 to 96.4 %, and specificity – from 46.6 to 91.0 %, according to different studies). In addition, ultrasound efficiency exceeds that of CT. Accuracy of ultrasound as the method of cervical lymph node investigation has increased after implementation of such methods, as elastography and elastometry (this techniques allow to achieve sensitivity of 98.1 % and specificity of 100 %)

INTESTINAL SEGMENTS AT RECONSTRUCTIVE PLASTIC SURGERY IN URINARY TRACT

Objective: this article presents the analysis of treatment’s results, life’s quality and long-term postoperative period’s complications at using intestine segments for replacement plastic of bladder and ureter.Material and methods: this study included 122 patients with plactic by intestine segments at urology department of Pirogov National Medical & Surgical Center. At bladder’s reconstructive plastic we used Hautmann’s method (59 operations) and Reddy’s method (36 operations). At ureter’s reconstructive plastic we used method of ileoureteroplastic (all 27 operations). After operation, patients underwent urography with intravenous contrast, cystography for impermeability, anastomotic integrity and the lack of reflux. Evaluation of oncological and functional outcomes included clinical, laboratory and radiological diagnostic methods.Results: long-term results of intestinal grafts showed the highest level of life’s quality after ileoureteroplastic, the lowest level – after Reddy’s method of bladder’s plastic.Conclusion: postoperative results of intestinal segments at reconstructive plastic operations on the urinary tract analyzed and assessed

Ignition and wave processes in combustion of solids

This book focuses on the application of classical combustion theory to ignition and flame propagation in solid-solid and gas-solid systems. It presents experimental investigations in the areas of local ignition, filtration combustion, self-propagating high temperature synthesis and nanopowders protection. The authors highlight analytical formulas used in different areas of combustion in solids and propose an approach based on classical combustion theory. The book attempts to analyze the basic approaches to understanding of solid-solid and solid - gas combustion presented in contemporary literature in a unified approach based on classical combustion theory.

ROLE OF INTAOPERATIVE ULTRASOUND INVESTIGATION IN SURGICAL TREATMENT OF THYROID CARCINOMA (A REVIEW OF LITERATURE)

Head and neck cancers, including thyroid carcinomas, are characterized by high risk of metastasizing in regional lymph nodes. Lymph nodes status determines treatment of thyroid cancer as well as disease prognosis. Excision of affected lymph nodes is associated with risk reduction of relapse and reduction of mortality. However surgical treatment can be associated with some difficulties. Due to technologic progress modern ultrasonographs offer the possibility to visualize minimal tumor nodes (5–10 mm), which are characterized with complexity of localization during surgical manipulation, particularly in patients with relapses, that previously passed treatment (surgery and/or radiation therapy). These lymph nodes can be missed during surgical treatment, which will lead to reduction of treatment efficacy. The paper details utility of intraoperative ultrasound investigation as a method of obtaining information about localization of nonpalpable tumor nodes, cancer extension, reduction the possibility of non-radical surgical treatment and unnecessary extension of surgical treatment in patients with thyroid cancers, characterized with regional lymph nodes involvement