National Affiliation and its Relation to Self-Realization among Students of Al-Isra University

This study aimed at investigating the relationship between national affiliation and self-realization on a simple of students from Isra university, the sample consisted of (84) males and (116) females. The statistical results of the study demonstrated that the initial hypothesis wasn’t realized, so there is a relationship between national affiliation and the self-realization, and the high level of the national affiliation, there is no differences between males and females in national affiliation and self-realization. Key Words: National affiliation, Unity, Participation, Altruism, Self– realization, Isra Universit

Assessing the drivers and solutions of green innovation influencing the adoption of renewable energy technologies

: The degradation of the environment in China is accelerating along with economic expansion. Adoption of renewable energy technologies (RETs) is crucial for reducing the adverse impacts of economic growth on the environment and fostering sustainable development. This study attempts to identify the green innovation drivers and sub-drivers that affect the adoption of RETs in China and provide solutions for boosting their implementation. The study prioritized the drivers, sub-drivers, and strategies of green innovation by combining the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) methods. In the study, the triple bottom line (TBL) approach has been used to determine the economic, societal, and environmental driving forces. The study also suggests strategies for encouraging the use of RETs. The results of the AHP method revealed that economics is the most crucial driver, with a weight of 0.376, followed by environmental (0.332), and social (0.291) drivers. The findings of the SAW method indicated that government green innovation initiatives, consumer initiatives, and industry initiatives are the most significant strategies for deploying RETs in China. This study has important theoretical and practical ramifications for encouraging China to adopt RETs. The suggested approaches can help researchers, business professionals, and policymakers promote sustainable development in China

Fabrication technology for high light-extraction ultraviolet thin-film flip-chip (UV TFFC) LEDs grown on SiC

The light output of deep ultraviolet (UV-C) AlGaN light-emitting diodes (LEDs) is limited due to their poor light extraction efficiency (LEE). To improve the LEE of AlGaN LEDs, we developed a fabrication technology to process AlGaN LEDs grown on SiC into thin-film flip-chip LEDs (TFFC LEDs) with high LEE. This process transfers the AlGaN LED epi onto a new substrate by wafer-to-wafer bonding, and by removing the absorbing SiC substrate with a highly selective SF6 plasma etch that stops at the AlN buffer layer. We optimized the inductively coupled plasma (ICP) SF6 etch parameters to develop a substrate-removal process with high reliability and precise epitaxial control, without creating micromasking defects or degrading the health of the plasma etching system. The SiC etch rate by SF6 plasma was ~46 \mu m/hr at a high RF bias (400 W), and ~7 \mu m/hr at a low RF bias (49 W) with very high etch selectivity between SiC and AlN. The high SF6 etch selectivity between SiC and AlN was essential for removing the SiC substrate and exposing a pristine, smooth AlN surface. We demonstrated the epi-transfer process by fabricating high light extraction TFFC LEDs from AlGaN LEDs grown on SiC. To further enhance the light extraction, the exposed N-face AlN was anisotropically etched in dilute KOH. The LEE of the AlGaN LED improved by ~3X after KOH roughening at room temperature. This AlGaN TFFC LED process establishes a viable path to high external quantum efficiency (EQE) and power conversion efficiency (PCE) UV-C LEDs.Comment: 22 pages, 6 figures. (accepted in Semiconductor Science and Technology, SST-105156.R1 2018

Electrical Properties of Partial Carbonized Nanoporous Resin Based on Resorcinol-Formaldehyde

Abstract: Organic xerogel compounds were prepared by sol-gel method from resorcinol-formaldehyde mixtures in acetone using picric acid as catalyst. The electrical properties of the obtained nanoporous carbon structures were explored by changing the pyrolysis temperature. In this study the electrical conductivity σ can be expressed as σ =/σ 0 exp(-Eσ/kT), where Eσ depends on the carbonized temperature. The dc and ac conductivities of the obtained amorphous carbon have been investigated from 80 to 300 °C and in the frequency range between 40 and 10 6 Hz for samples pyrolysed at different temperatures in the insulator-metal transition range. The temperature dependence of samples pyrolysed at low temperatures (T p =600-675 °C) follows a Mott law, whereas samples pyrolysed at high temperature (T p =1000 °C) show an Arrhenius dependence

Effect of indium doping on the electrical and structural properties of TiO2 thin films used in MOS devices

We investigated the effect of Indium (In) doping on the structural and electrical properties of Ti/Au/ TiO2:In/n-Si metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) devices. Sputtering grown TiO2 thin films on Si substrate were doped using two In-films with 15 nm and 50 nm thicknesses leading to two structures named Low Indium Doped (LID) sample and High Indium Doped (HID) sample, respectively. XRD analysis shows no diffraction pattern related to Indium indicating that In has been incorporated into the TiO2 lattice. Current-Voltage (I-V) characteristics show that rectification ratio at 2V is higher for HID sample than for LID sample. Evaluated barrier height, ϕB0 , decreased while the ideality factor, n, increased with decreasing temperature. Such behavior is ascribed to barrier inhomogeneity that was assumed to have a Gaussian Distribution (GD) of barrier heights at interface. Evidence of such GD was confirmed by plotting ϕB0versus n. High value of mean barrier ϕ̅B0 and lower value of standard deviation (σ) of HID structure are due to indium doping which increases the barrier homogeneities. Finally, estimated Richardson constants A* are in good agreement with theoretic values (112 A/cm2K2), particularly, for the HID structure

Knowledge, Perceptions, and Readiness of Tele pharmacy in the out-patient clinics setting through Pharmacists in Makkah Al-Mukarramah at Saudi Arabia

Background: Over the past 20 years, owing to rapid advances in technological innovation, namely in telecommunication and telemedicine, healthcare institutions have integrated clinical practices with cutting-edge telecommunication technology to enhance access to patient care, improve continuity of clinical care, and ensure patient safety.  Pharmacists providing care in the out-patient clinics setting through telemedicine models.  Pharmacy services were found to be essential in establishing outcome-oriented pharmacist-led medication management for patients. The established telemedication management clinic (MMC) services enhanced patient engagement and treatment compliance, and the integration process and its challenges were assessed.  the pharmacist-led MMC services were beneficial to chronic disease patients and ensured the continuity of care, maintenance of up-to-date lab tests, management of polypharmacy, minimization of the use of unwanted medications and medication synchronization. Aim of the study: To Assessment of Knowledge, Perceptions, and Readiness of Tele pharmacy in the out-patient clinics setting through Pharmacists in Makah Al-Mukarramah at Saudi Arabia in 2022. Method: cross sectional study conducted at outpatient clinics in Al-Aklas primary health care center in Makah Al-Mukarramah Saudi Arabia in Sample population consists of Saudi out patients aged 20 to over than 60 years attending. Our total participants were (200). Results:  Regarding the age majority of the study groups were in the age range of (20 - 40%) years were (37.0%) followed by (40-60) years were(33.0%), regarding the gender many of the respondents were male (58.0 %) while female were (42.0%).  Regarding the education status, the majority of the respondents had Primary were (32.0%) ,  while Occupation the most of  the participants  answer Yes were (75.0%). Regarding the income The majority of them had an income from less than 3000SR were (31.0% ) .Conclusion: pharmacists providing care in the out-patient clinics setting through telemedicine models , based on pharmacist-led medication management services. The implementation of this model demonstrated a significant improvement in the clinical outcomes of patients and might help to improve the overall satisfaction during and after the peak pandemic period. The integration of the telehealth framework with a pharmacist-led medication management clinic was associated with promising outcomes in the access

The Impact Of Nurse-To-Patient Ratios On Patient Outcomes And Quality Of Care

Background: Hospitals rely a lot on nurses, since they are the foundation of high-quality patient care. However, it is also clear that we don\u27t have a precise number of nurses who can respond to patients in an adequate way. Therefore, again, having a look at the information about nurses’ staffing levels affecting outcomes for patients or not. This research will look into the deeper sides of this question and help find the answer to the problem of whether having more nurses in the special units will be beneficial for the patients. Methods: Researchers undertook a huge project in which they considered patient outcomes in relation to staffing levels using a meta-analysis approach. They worked with topics like how many patients died, gave the wrong medicine, got stomach ulcers, applied staff restraints, or got infections. Moreover, they made sure patients received the therapies on time. They assembled data from six studies that covered more than 175,000 patients who visited emergency departments or cardiac receiving units. They consulted the numbers to see if there would be fewer die patients in the hospital because of having more nurses or not. Results and Discussion: It appeared that the more nurses were on shift, the less chance patients had of dying in the hospital (that was 14%). That\u27s pretty significant! But if you put on your scientist’s hat and looked at all the studies together, the differences you saw in them could be a bit of a nuisance when it comes to establishing the results. However, the more nurses fixed, the better patients’s outcomes seemed. Conclusions: The most telling statistic by far is the ratio of nurses to patients, especially when that calculation will determine the difference between surviving hospitalization or not. However, there is still plenty to learn, and more research is required to determine the number of nurses needed to ensure that we can provide patients with better care than ever before. We can utilize our ability to conduct additional research to provide the most accurate guidance on the optimal number of nurses for the special units, ensuring patient well-being

Atomic-level passivation mechanism of ammonium salts enabling highly efficient perovskite solar cells.

The high conversion efficiency has made metal halide perovskite solar cells a real breakthrough in thin film photovoltaic technology in recent years. Here, we introduce a straightforward strategy to reduce the level of electronic defects present at the interface between the perovskite film and the hole transport layer by treating the perovskite surface with different types of ammonium salts, namely ethylammonium, imidazolium and guanidinium iodide. We use a triple cation perovskite formulation containing primarily formamidinium and small amounts of cesium and methylammonium. We find that this treatment boosts the power conversion efficiency from 20.5% for the control to 22.3%, 22.1%, and 21.0% for the devices treated with ethylammonium, imidazolium and guanidinium iodide, respectively. Best performing devices showed a loss in efficiency of only 5% under full sunlight intensity with maximum power tracking for 550 h. We apply 2D- solid-state NMR to unravel the atomic-level mechanism of this passivation effect

Efficient Triplet Exciton Fusion in Molecularly Doped Polymer Light-Emitting Diodes

Solution-processed polymer organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) doped with triplet-triplet annihilation (TTA)upconversion molecules, including 9,10-diphenylanthracene, perylene, rubrene and TIPS-pentacene, are reported. The fraction of triplet-generated electroluminescence approaches the theoretical limit. Record-high efficiencies in solution-processed OLEDs based on these materials are achieved. Unprecedented solid-state TTA-upconversion quantum yield of 23% (TTA-upconversion reaction efficiency of 70%) at electrical excitation well below one-sun equivalent is observed.Department of Physics (University of Cambridge)KACST-Cambridge University Joint Centre of ExcellenceSingapore Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR)Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC

Investigation of the structural, optical and electrical properties of indium-doped TiO2 thin films grown by Pulsed Laser Deposition technique on low and high index GaAs planes

© 2020 Elsevier B.V. The properties of In-doped TiO2 grown by Pulsed Laser Deposition on (1 0 0) and (3 1 1)B GaAs substrates have been investigated. X-ray diffraction and photoluminescence results have shown that samples grown on (3 1 1)B GaAs planes have better crystallographic properties than those grown on (1 0 0). Both anatase and rutile phases were detected in samples with lower In-doping (In = 5 nm) while only rutile phase was observed for higher In-doped samples (In = 15 nm). Furthermore, In-doping adversely affected the electrical properties of samples grown on (1 0 0) substrates while it enhanced those of (3 1 1)B samples. Two shallow defects were detected in all samples except for (3 1 1)B sample (In = 15 nm) where three shallow defects were observed. The presence of more shallow defects in this sample is evidenced by a red-shift in the absorption spectrum. It was concluded that sample (3 1 1)B (In = 15 nm) is best among all other samples and makes it more suitable for solar cell applications