On the formation of current sheets in response to the compression or expansion of a potential magnetic field

The compression or expansion of a magnetic field that is initially potential is considered. It was recently suggested by Janse & Low [2009, ApJ, 690, 1089] that, following the volumetric deformation, the relevant lowest energy state for the magnetic field is another potential magnetic field that in general contains tangential discontinuities (current sheets). Here we examine this scenario directly using a numerical relaxation method that exactly preserves the topology of the magnetic field. It is found that of the magnetic fields discussed by Janse & Low, only those containing magnetic null points develop current singularities during an ideal relaxation, while the magnetic fields without null points relax toward smooth force-free equilibria with finite non-zero current.Comment: Accepted for publication in Ap

THE TECHNICAL EFFICIENCY OF ILLINOIS GRAIN FARMS: AN APPLICATION OF A RAY-HOMOTHETIC PRODUCTION FUNCTION

The purpose of this paper is to measure the extent of technical inefficiency among a sample of Illinois grain farms using the corrected ordinary least squares method. Instead of assuming a Cobb-Douglas production function, a linear form of the ray-homothetic is used. The results show a significant amount of technical inefficiency among all the farms in the sample, but with large farms being less technically inefficient than small farms.Crop Production/Industries,

Lecitina de soja: fraccionamiento del residuo insoluble en acetona y sus componentes volátiles

The acetone insoluble residue was isolated from soybean lecithin. This residue was solvent fractionated resulted in four fractions, namely, acetic acid soluble, acetic acid insoluble, benzene phase and benzene insoluble phase. Concerning phospholipid constitution of these four fractions, it was found that the first fraction contains PC, PE and PI in percentages of 56.0, 21.6 and 19.0 respectively. The 2nd fraction makes 39 % PC and 60 % CER, besides some traces of PE and PI. The benzene phase is mainly all PC with some traces of PE. The last fraction is 80.6 % CER and 20 % PC. The fatty acid composition of these four fractions besides soluble in acetone, crude and degummed soybean oil and total phospholipids was recorded. Generally, it was found that the major saturated and unsaturated fatty acids were palmitic and linoleic. Volatile components of these samples except acetic acid insoluble were reported. Fourty nine compounds were separated. Thirty two components including aliphatic aldehydes, ketones, alcohols, esters and acids were identified. Aldehydes and ketones showed a changed through the seven samples. They increased by degumming.4,5-Dimethylelisoxazole had a strong lecithin like flavour, so it can be used as an indicator for the degumming process.2-Pentylfuran showed a significant decrease by degumming. Other compounds, such as esters and alcohols had no distinguish effect on the volatile products through process.El residuo insoluble en acetona fue aislado de la lecitina de soja. Este residuo fue fraccionado por solventes en cuatro fracciones: soluble en ácido acético, insoluble en ácido acético, fase benceno y fase insoluble en benceno. Concerniente a la constitución de los fosfolípidos de estas cuatro fracciones, se encontró que la primera fracción contiene PC, PE y PI en porcentajes del 56.0, 21.6 y 19.0 respectivamente. La segunda fracción tuvo 39 % PC y 60 % CER, junto a algunas trazas de PE y PI. La fase benceno está constituida principalmente por PC con algunas trazas de PE. La última fracción tuvo 80.6 % CER y 20 % PC. La composición en ácidos grasos de estas cuatro fracciones junto a los solubles en acetona, aceite de soja crudo y desgomado y fosfolípidos totales fueron registradas. Por lo general, se encontró que los ácidos grasos mayoritarios saturados e insaturados fueron el palmítico y linoléico. Los componentes volátiles de estas muestras excepto la insoluble en ácido acético fueron determinadas. Cuarenta y nueve compuestos fueron separados. Treinta y dos componentes incluyendo aldehidos alifáticos, cetonas, alcoholes, ésteres y ácidos fueron identificados. Los aldehídos y cetonas mostraron un cambio en las siete muestras. Estos aumentaron por el desgomado. El 4,5-dimetilelisoxazol tuvo un fuerte flavor a lecitina, así puede usarse como indicador para el proceso de desgomado. El 2-pentilfurano mostró una disminución significativa por el desgomado. Otros compuestos, tales como ésteres y alcoholes no tuvieron efectos distintivos sobre los productos volátiles a lo largo del proceso

The Opportunity for Profit to College Student-Athletes Analysis Study

According to Romero (2018), NCAA athletes should receive better compensation; he also said that demand for elite professional athletes is related to salary, just as in any professional industry. Collegiate student-athletes devote daily time and energy to completing their profession. The likelihood of a high school student-athlete taking part in a collegiate sport is extremely low. This number drops even more for student-athletes who receive full-ride scholarships. Although some college student-athletes are compensated through educational opportunities or academic scholarships, they still live at or below the national poverty level. The NCAA is a nonprofit organization that regulates collegiate sports. This recent study emphasizes the livelihood of collegiate student-athletes and the rules they must follow; more so, it investigated the possible opportunities that college student-athletes might have. These opportunities may come in the form of future compensation challenges and endorsement opportunities. Additionally, this study looked at the coach’s salaries compared to collegiate student-athletes’ opportunities to profit from their crafts

The Opportunity for Profit to College Student-AthletesAnalysis Study

According to Romero (2018), NCAA athletes should receive better compensation; he also said that demand for elite professional athletes is related to salary, just as in any professional industry. Collegiate student-athletes devote daily time and energy to completing their profession. The likelihood of a high school student-athlete taking part in a collegiate sport is extremely low. This number drops even more for student-athletes who receive full-ride scholarships. Although some college student-athletes are compensated through educational opportunities or academic scholarships, they still live at or below the national poverty level. The NCAA is a nonprofit organization that regulates collegiate sports. This recent study emphasizes the livelihood of collegiate student-athletes and the rules they must follow; more so, it investigated the possible opportunities that college student-athletes might have. These opportunities may come in the form of future compensation challenges and endorsement opportunities. Additionally, this study looked at the coach’s salaries compared to collegiate student-athletes’ opportunities to profit from their crafts

The Opportunity for Profit to College Student-AthletesAnalysis Study

A recent study by Romero (2018) suggests that NCAA athletes should receive better compensation. College student-athletes put in much time and energy, but many do not receive adequate pay. High school athletes’ chances of participating in college sports are lower without scholarships. It is time to recognize their value and provide financial support. (NCAA) is a nonprofit organization that regulates collegiate sports, and this study emphasizes the livelihood of collegiate student-athletes and the rules they must follow. Furthermore, the study compares the coach’s salaries with collegiate student-athlete student-athletes to profit from their crafts. The researchers gathered data from various literature and randomly surveyed over 400 college students, used a systematic review approach, Chi-squared test, and descriptive statistics to review the evidence, and analyzed the survey data using the Statistic Package for Social Science (SPSS). In addition, the study explores the opportunity for compensating student-athletes and investigates the salaries of “celebrity” coaches and the minimal financial compensation or stipend student-athletes receive while playing for these coaches. The current study found that college and university sports leaders should not view student-athletes as mere athletes but as valuable assets that create organic growth for their college athletics and the NCAA benefits from endorsement and advertising deals. The result indicated that athletes should be able to earn extra money that raises their living standards above the poverty line, while college sports generate billions of dollars for universities, broadcasters, and sponsors. University coaches are signing multi-million-dollar contracts while their players are forced to live off $12,000 on average, and most of the money goes toward their tuition, room, books, board, and class needs. The study supports that the Supreme Court recently allowed colleges to provide “education-related” payments to student-athletes. The decision permits student-athletes to pursue endorsement deals based on their name, image, and likeness

Efecto del almacenamiento y calentamiento en soja madura e inmadura y en el descascarado de soja.

Mature and immature soybeans were stored for 6 months. Every month, soybeans were analysed for oil content, moisture percentage, acid value, peroxide value, fatty acid analysis, meal protein and urease activity in soybean meal. In addition, soybean samples were heated to different temperatures and times and the effect of heating on dehulling was studied. Finally control charts of acid and peroxide values were constructed and discussed.Soja madura e inmadura se almacenó durante seis meses. Mensualmente, la soja fue analizada por su contenido en aceite, porcentaje de humedad, índice de acidez, índice de peróxido, análisis de ácidos grasos y, proteína y actividad ureásica en la harina de soja. Además, las muestras de soja se calentaron a diferentes temperaturas y tiempos, estudiándose el efecto del calentamiento sobre el descascarado. Finalmente, se construyeron y discutieron gráficas controles de índices de acidez y peróxido

Wave Excitation in Disks Around Rotating Magnetic Stars

The accretion disk around a rotating magnetic star (neutron star, white dwarf or T Tauri star) is subjected to periodic vertical magnetic forces from the star, with the forcing frequency equal to the stellar spin frequency or twice the spin frequency. This gives rise bending waves in the disk that may influence the variabilities of the system. We study the excitation, propagation and dissipation of these waves using a hydrodynamical model coupled with a generic model description of the magnetic forces. The $m=1$ bending waves are excited at the Lindblad/vertical resonance, and propagate either to larger radii or inward toward the corotation resonance where dissipation takes place. While the resonant torque is negligible compared to the accretion torque, the wave nevertheless may reach appreciable amplitude and can cause or modulate flux variabilities from the system. We discuss applications of our result to the observed quasi-periodic oscillations from various systems, in particular neutron star low-mass X-ray binaries.Comment: Small changes/clarifications. To be published in ApJ, Aug.20,2008 issu