Evolution of infectious disease ward design in Malaysia : Case study

Infectious disease is prevalent in all countries. Malaysia is no different. With the ease of global travel and incidental migration, all countries faced the phenomenon of infectious disease in various degree. proactive in its preparation to manage its emergence is the key of Malaysia's disease surveillance. This presentation focuses on the evolution of infectious disease ward design through the ages by case studies. through a historical review of old hospitals and the dos and don’t’s in the sample evaluation of selected infectious disease ward of the current design, findings found the odds in mitigating these infections (including hospital acquired infection (HAI) are just too many and unknown. To date, isolation rooms at each ward discipline are utilised as barrier nursing – to isolate from infection or causing infection in all hospitals. only selected hospitals, due to budget and geography of its occurrence, purposed built wards for infectious disease, were eventually built. In the convergence of the disease in one centre, health status of the staff matters. Innovating balance needs for staff, patient and the extended caregivers (relative), a mixed approach catering all users, were formulated. either as new and as a retrofit, on land or at higher levels, will depend on its physical requirements and placement locality. although outcome is yet to be evaluated the final design is akin to historical moves i.e isolated, landed, ease of access

Delivering quality service through innovation of existing health clinics for sustainability: a theoretical initiative through architectural design proposal

Improvement in the Quality of Health of Malaysians is part of 2nd Strategic Thrust of the Midterm Review 2016-2020 by the government focusing on “Improving Wellbeing for All”, by 2020. The primary health sector, as the safety net for the healthy nation, remain the focal point for all to access healthcare. With over 2881 number of health clinics all around the country, of various degree of building age, sizes and designs, the demand for quality care require a review of the facilities and its’ ability to improve while functioning. Existing clinics are the gems for the local populace. Replacing them to faraway places is not an idea of accessibility and place continuity. This paper thus aims at addressing the meaning of quality service from architectural facility expectation in the remake of selected aged facilities to meet prevailing standards and reasonable expectations. Through qualitative research by selected case studies of aged facilities and literature review, including new design briefs of government health clinics, the findings, through observation and interview, a scenario for the remake will be churned. Architectural expressions of the remake as design proposal will be recommended to the Ministry of Health Malaysia as a spur towards more design review of other clinics as proactive measure from public works department, the university or the NGO, who care

A HOLISTIC MODEL OF EMPLOYEE’S UNDERSTANDING IN THE MANAGEMENT OF ISLAMIC ORGANIZATIONS

Abstract. As a country with a majority of Muslim population and recognizes Islam as the official religion, Malaysia is indeed has a large number of Islamic-based organizations offering shariah-compliant products and services. However, such organizations have been receiving criticism from the client and the public on the aspect of management executed by employee. They claimed that the execution of duties among the employee in the Islamic organization does not reflect the nature of the organization itself. The rapid development of such an organization requires a solid understanding among the employee in charge of the task entrusted. However, previous studies have found that the understanding of employee in carrying out their duties in the Islamic organization is quite unsatisfactory. Therefore, this study takes the initiative to study the understanding of the employee in the implementation of Islamic management in Islamic organization. The study was conducted using the qualitative method. The sample of this study consisted of 11 executives in three Islamic organizations. Among the organizations are Islamic Banking, Takaful and Islamic Property Management Company. The location of the study involved selected organizations in three states of the East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia namely Kelantan, Terengganu and Pahang. The study is expected to produce a holistic model of employee understanding in the management of an Islamic organization. The model involves several phases that aim to ensure that employee understanding covers all aspects such as goals, implementation and impact.Key words: employee understanding, Islamic management, Islamic organisation, Malaysia

Antimicrobial activity and LC-MS data comparison from Lichen Parmotrema praesorediosum in Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia

The research study regarding antimicrobial activity of pure compounds and LCMS data comparison from extract of lichen Parmotrema praesorediosum in Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia. Antimicrobial activity of acetone, ethanol, and methanol extracts as well as five compounds, namely methyl divaricatinate, methyl haematommate, methyl chlorohaematommate, methyl β-orsellinate, and vinapraesorediosic acid from methanol extract were identified for the microbial activity against four bacterial species, Staphylococcus aureus, Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Enterobacter aerogens, and Escerichia coli as well as two fungal species, Candida albicans and Candida parapsilosis based on standards. The determination of IC50 using minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) by broth microdilution method was carried out. For acetone extract, 201 μg/mL concentration was required to inhibit 50% (IC50) growth of positive gram bacteria, S. aureus while the concentrations of 430 and 480 μg/mL were able to inhibit 50% (IC50) growth of C. albicans and C. parapsilosis, respectively. Ethanol and methanol extract as well as five pure compounds did not inhibit 50% (IC50) of bacterial and yeast growths. Five pure compounds were first reported to determine IC50 of minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) from lichen, Parmotrema praesorediosum in Malaysia. The comparison of LC-MS data between ethanol and acetone extracts showed that there was a peak of the main compound, atranorin in the acetone extract, but was invisible in the ethanol extract where the main bond broke down and produced other compounds. Result of pure compounds from antimicrobial activity and LCMS data comparison from extract of lichen Parmotrema praesorediosum were first reported in Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia. Data produced from this study will be used to show the comparison and latest result that will provide ongoing body of research into the issue of natural product

Angelfall

427 hlm. ; 20,5 cm

Michelangelo's secret

297 hlm. : 19 cm

Flexibility in usability versus infection control: study of selected primary care clinics in Malaysia for future design decisions

Primary care clinics are the first port of call for all ailments except for the Emergency Department or Unit, in any healthcare facilities. Until the patients are diagnosed, infections are bound to occur. Many of the primary care clinic building designs in Malaysia are ranged from those built during the colonial days in 18th Century to current. Many designs had evolved to meet both the demand for capacity, the types of ailments and services in the urban and rural areas. With high mobility and migration of people in the region due to circumstances of war, technology and economics, statistics shows old and new infectious diseases are on the rise. The design of these clinics as the first bastion to prevent further cross-infection is therefore questionable. From the selected clinic design as case studies, this paper described qualitatively, through exploration and deduction from secondary and primary data, the extent of versatility or flexibility from architectural design aspects, how each layout, from exterior to interior, are able or unable to withstand the consequence of cross-infection. Apart from the influence of the physical layout of the clinics in terms of space planning, ventilation, circulation and orientation; findings had indicated that self-discipline and behaviour of the users (staff, patients and accompanying relatives/friends) also need to observe infection control whenever they are in the clinic to prevent infection. Flexibility in clinic design should not only address the clinical needs in its standard operating procedure (sop) but also to address the distinct human behaviour and culture of the demography of the region. Only then perhaps, the design decisions made would address the paramount concerns of cross-infection in design succinctly

Flexibility in usability versus infection control: study of selected primary care clinics in Malaysia for future design decisions

Primary care clinics are the first port of call for all ailments except for the Emergency Department or Unit, in any healthcare facilities. Until the patients are diagnosed, infections are bound to occur. In normal circumstances, hospitals only receive referral from the clinic for specific diagnose and treatment. Many of the primary care clinic building designs in Malaysia are ranged from those built during the colonial days in 18th Century to current. Many designs had evolved to meet both the demand for capacity, the types of ailments and services in the urban and rural areas. With high mobility and migration of people in the region due to circumstances of war, technology and economics, statistics shows old and new infectious diseases are on the rise. The design of these clinics as the first bastion to prevent further cross-infection is therefore questionable. From the selected clinic design as case studies, this paper described qualitatively, through exploration and deduction from secondary and primary data, the extent of versatility or flexibility from architectural design aspects, how each layout, from exterior to interior, are able or unable to withstand the consequence of cross- infection. Apart from the influence of the physical layout of the clinics in terms of space planning, ventilation, circulation and orientation; findings had indicated that self-discipline and behaviour of the users (staff, patients and accompanying relatives/friends) also need to observe infection control whenever they are in the clinic to prevent infection. Flexibility in clinic design should not only address the clinical needs in its standard operating procedure (sop) but also to address the distinct human behaviour and culture of the demography of the region. Only then perhaps, the design decisions made would address the paramount concerns of cross- infection in design succinctly