22,118 research outputs found
The Musca cloud: A 6 pc-long velocity-coherent, sonic filament
Filaments play a central role in the molecular clouds' evolution, but their
internal dynamical properties remain poorly characterized. To further explore
the physical state of these structures, we have investigated the kinematic
properties of the Musca cloud. We have sampled the main axis of this
filamentary cloud in CO and CO (2--1) lines using APEX
observations. The different line profiles in Musca shows that this cloud
presents a continuous and quiescent velocity field along its 6.5 pc of
length. With an internal gas kinematics dominated by thermal motions (i.e.,
) and large-scale velocity gradients, these results
reveal Musca as the longest velocity-coherent, sonic-like object identified so
far in the ISM. The transonic properties of Musca present a clear departure
from the predicted supersonic velocity dispersions expected in the Larson's
velocity dispersion-size relationship, and constitute the first observational
evidence of a filament fully decoupled from the turbulent regime over
multi-parsec scales.Comment: 12 pages, 6 figures; Accepted for publication in A&
Optimized cross-slot flow geometry for microfluidic extension rheometry
A precision-machined cross-slot flow geometry with a shape that has been optimized by numerical simulation of the fluid kinematics is fabricated and used to measure the extensional viscosity of a dilute polymer solution. Full-field birefringence microscopy is used to monitor the evolution and growth of macromolecular anisotropy along the stagnation point streamline, and we observe the formation of a strong and uniform birefringent strand when the dimensionless flow strength exceeds a critical Weissenberg number Wicrit 0:5. Birefringence and bulk pressure drop measurements provide self consistent estimates of the planar extensional viscosity of the fluid over a wide range of deformation rates (26 s1 "_ 435 s1) and are also in close agreement with numerical simulations performed by using a finitely extensible nonlinear elastic dumbbell model
Statistical stability and limit laws for Rovella maps
We consider the family of one-dimensional maps arising from the contracting
Lorenz attractors studied by Rovella. Benedicks-Carleson techniques were used
by Rovella to prove that there is a one-parameter family of maps whose
derivatives along their critical orbits increase exponentially fast and the
critical orbits have slow recurrent to the critical point. Metzger proved that
these maps have a unique absolutely continuous ergodic invariant probability
measure (SRB measure).
Here we use the technique developed by Freitas and show that the tail set
(the set of points which at a given time have not achieved either the
exponential growth of derivative or the slow recurrence) decays exponentially
fast as time passes. As a consequence, we obtain the continuous variation of
the densities of the SRB measures and associated metric entropies with the
parameter. Our main result also implies some statistical properties for these
maps.Comment: 1 figur
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