Peer Group Entry: A Focus On The Behavior And Gender Of The Entering Child And Group Members

Ninety-two 7- to 9-year-old children (47 girls) were observed while attempting to join two relatively unfamiliar same- or opposite-sex peers who were playing a board game. Female guests were less obtrusive than male guests in their entry approaches, whereas male guests were more active and assertive. Guests were less behaviorally constrained when approaching same- than opposite-sex hosts. Female hosts were more socially attentive to the guests than male hosts, who tended to ignore the newcomers. Entry outcomes were best predicted by the joint contributions of the guests\u27 and hosts\u27 gender and behavior. Successful guests performed activity-related behavior, received initiations from the hosts, and responded contingently to host initiations. Since female hosts initiated more behavior to the guests than male hosts, and female guests were more contingently responsive than male guests, girls entering female groups were the most successful. These findings support the thesis that peer group entry is an interactional phenomenon affected by the personal characteristics and contexts of both the entering children and their hosts

Estudio del transporte marítimo, por carretera y ferroviario en España mediante modelos numéricos para el análisis de costes

En este proyecto se estudiarán los costes internos del transporte marítimo, transporte por carretera y transporte ferroviario; dichos costes internos serán desglosados en diferentes apartados, atendiendo de forma individual a cada factor que forme parte del coste interno. Para ello, se designarán distintas rutas y se analizará el coste de cada una, atendiendo al medio de transporte. También se establecerá un tiempo para cada medio; de este modo, con coste y tiempo, podremos ver la efectividad de cada modo de transporte. Teniendo en cuenta que la actividad del transporte supone, en ocasiones, un grave impacto medioambiental, se intentará averiguar qué modo de transporte es el más sostenible. Para ello, deberemos estudiar los costes externos

Influence of Exercise on the Human Gut Microbiota of Healthy Adults: A Systematic Review

SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL accompanies this paper at http://links.lww.com/CTG/A166OBJECTIVES: To summarize the literature on the influence of exercise on the gut microbiota of healthy adults. METHODS: A systematic and comprehensive search in electronic database, including SciELO, Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science up to July 5, 2019. Eligibility criterion was original studies conducted on healthy humans including exercise interventions or interventions involving any type of physical activity. RESULTS: The initial search retrieved 619 articles of which 18 met the inclusion criteria, 9 were observational, 4 reported very short-term exercise interventions, and 5 reported medium/long-term exercise interventions. Higher levels of physical activity or cardiorespiratory fitness were positively associated with fecal bacterial alpha diversity. Contrasting associations were detected between both the level of physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness and fecal counts for the phyla Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Proteobacteria. Higher levels of physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness were positively associated with the fecal concentration of short-chain fatty acids. Reports on the effects of very shortterm and medium/long-term exercise interventions on the composition of the gut microbiota were inconsistent. DISCUSSION: Higher levels of physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness are associated with higher fecal bacterial alpha diversity and with the increased representation of some phyla and certain short-chain fatty acids in the feces of healthy adults. Very short-term and medium/long-term exercise interventions seem to influence the fecal counts of some phyla. However, the heterogeneity between studies hampers any strong conclusions from being drawn. Better-designed studies are needed to unravel the possible mechanisms through which exercise might influence the composition and activity of the human gut microbiota.The study was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness via the Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria del Instituto de Salud Carlos III (PI13/01393), Retos de la Sociedad (DEP2016-79512-R), and European Regional Development Funds (ERDF), by the Spanish Ministry of Education (FPU 16/05159 and FPU17/01523), the Fundación Iberoamericana de Nutrición (FINUT), the Redes Temáticas De Investigación Cooperativa RETIC (Red SAMID RD16/0022), AstraZeneca HealthCare Foundation, the University of Granada Plan Propio de Investigación 2016 (Excellence actions: Unit of Excellence on Exercise and Health [UCEES]), and by the Junta de Andalucía, Consejería de Conocimiento, Investigación y Universidades (ERDF, SOMM17/ 6107/UGR). B.M.-T. is supported by individual postdoctoral grants from the Fundación Alfonso Martin Escudero

Neurohormonal Modulation as a Therapeutic Target in Pulmonary Hypertension.

The autonomic nervous system (ANS) and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) are involved in many cardiovascular disorders, including pulmonary hypertension (PH). The current review focuses on the role of the ANS and RAAS activation in PH and updated evidence of potential therapies targeting both systems in this condition, particularly in Groups 1 and 2. State of the art knowledge in preclinical and clinical use of pharmacologic drugs (beta-blockers, beta-three adrenoceptor agonists, or renin-angiotensin-aldosterone signaling drugs) and invasive procedures, such as pulmonary artery denervation, is provided.This work was partially funded by Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER) Instituto de Salud Carlos III-Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria PI17/00995 and Intensificación AES2019 to Dr. García-Álvarez. The CNIC is supported by the Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades and the Pro CNIC Foundation, and is a Severo Ochoa Center of Excellence (SEV-2015-0505). Part of this work was developed at the Centre de Recerca Biomèdica Cellex, IDIBAPS, Barcelona. The IDIBAPS belongs to the CERCA Programme and receives partial funding from the Generalitat de Catalunya.S

Nullità parziale nei contratti

La nulidad parcial constituye un importante fenómeno en el ámbito contractual de nuestro sistema jurídico. El tema está rodeado de cierta confusión terminológica y teorías dispares sobre el propio concepto, efectos y fundamento. El legislador español no ha incorporado ningún precepto del cual se desprenda una definición clara y concisa de la categoría de nulidad parcial. Junto a la ausencia de exhaustivos análisis doctrinales, esta circunstancia añade cierta complejidad tanto a su estudio meramente teórico como a su aplicabilidad práctica. A lo largo de las próximas líneas se realiza un análisis detallado de la nulidad parcial de los contratos. Consecuentemente, se ahonda en la problemática conceptual, se tratan los diferentes razonamientos teóricos y se abordan diferentes supuestos prácticos relacionados con la nulidad parcial. Esta figura es objeto de estudio en esta exposición a través de una perspectiva crítica, fundamentada en diferentes estudios académicos generales y monográficos de la cuestión y apoyada, a su vez, en reflexiones derivadas de legislación y jurisprudencia.Partial nullity of contracts constitutes a importante trend of Spanish legal systems contractual field. This topic is submerged in some terminological confusion, and there are a few dissimilar theories about its concept, grounds and effects, as no provision whatsoever has been given by the Spanish lawmaker so as to the definition of partial nullity. These circumstances, together with the lack of an exhaustive analysis from the doctrine, add an undeniable degree of difficulty both to its theoretical study and to its practical use. This doctoral thesis undertakes a detailed analysis of the partial nullity of contracts. Therefore, its problem areas are delved into and its different theoretical reasoning is argued, just before addressing a variety of practical examples. Here, the study of the partial nullity is addressed from a critical perspective, based on a range of both general and monographic academic studies, and supported by reflections arising from legislation and jurisprudence.La nullità parziale costituisce un importante fenómeno nell'ambito contrattuale del nostro ordinamento spagnolo. L'argomento è circondato da una certa confusione terminologica e teorie disparate sul concetto, sugli effetti e sul fondamento. Il legislatore spagnolo non ha inserito alcun precetto da cui emerga una definizione chiara e sintetica della categoria di nullità parziale. Insieme all'assenza di un'analisi dottrinale esaustiva, questa circostanza aggiunge una certa complessità sia al suo studio meramente teorico che alla sua applicabilità pratica. In questa tesi di dottorato viene svolta un'analisi dettagliata della nullità parziale dei contratti. Di conseguenza, si approfondisce il problema concettuale, si discutono i diversi ragionamenti teorici e si affrontano i diversi presupposti pratici relativi alla nullità parziale. Questa figura è oggetto di studio in questa mostra attraverso una prospettiva critica, basata su diversi studi accademici generali e monografici della questione e supportata, a sua volta, su riflessioni derivate dalla legislazione e dalla giurisprudenza

Soft Optomechanical Systems for Sensing, Modulation, and Actuation

Altres ajuts: CERCA Programme/Generalitat de Catalunya ; the Government of Catalonia's Agency for Business Competitiveness (ACCIÓ) (TECSPR19-1-0021)Soft optomechanical systems have the ability to reversibly respond to optical and mechanical external stimuli by changing their own properties (e.g., shape, size, viscosity, stiffness, color or transmittance). These systems typically combine the optical properties of plasmonic, dielectric or carbon-based nanomaterials with the high elasticity and deformability of soft polymers, thus opening the path for the development of new mechanically tunable optical systems, sensors, and actuators for a wide range of applications. This review focuses on the recent progresses in soft optomechanical systems, which are here classified according to their applications and mechanisms of optomechanical response. The first part summarizes the soft optomechanical systems for mechanical sensing and optical modulation based on the variation of their optical response under external mechanical stimuli, thereby inducing mechanochromic or intensity modulation effects. The second part describes the soft optomechanical systems for the development of light induced mechanical actuators based on different actuation mechanisms, such as photothermal effects and phase transitions, among others. The final section provides a critical analysis of the main limitations of current soft optomechanical systems and the progress that is required for future devices

Factors Associated with the Risk of Falls of Nursing Home Residents Aged 80 or Older

Background: Falls are the leading cause of mortality and morbidity in older and represents one of the major and most costly public health problems worldwide. Purpose: Evaluate the influences of lower limb muscle performance, static balance, functional independence and quality of life on fall risk as assessed with the Timed Up and Go test. Design: Crosssectional. Methods: Fifty-two residents aged 80 or older were assessed and distributed in one of the two study groups according to the time to complete the Timed Up and Go Test. A Kistler force platform and linear transducer was used to determinate lower limb muscle performance. Postural Stability was measured by recording the center of pressure. The EuroQol-5 dimension was used to assess Health-Related Quality of Life and the Barthel Index was used to examine functional status. Student t-test was performed to evaluate the differences between groups. Correlations between variables were analyzed using Spearman or Pearson coefficient. ROC analysis was used to determine the cut-off points related to a decrease in the risk of a fall. Findings: Participants of no-fall risk group showed better lower limb performance, quality of life, and functional status. Cut-off points were determined for each outcome. Conclusions: Risk of falls in nursing home residents over the age of 80 is associated with lower limb muscle performance, functional status and quality of Life. Clinical Relevance: Cut-off points can be used by clinicians when working toward fall prevention and could help in determining the optimal lower limb muscle performance level for preventing falls

Recent advances and future perspective in microbiota and probiotics

Recent studies have highlighted the critical 1 role of intestinal microbes on health. This special issue covers a range of diverse topics related to microbiota and probiotic in gut health and disease, thus highlighting the potential beneficial role friendly bacteria in human health. We hope the papers published will serve to further highlight the potential application of probiotics for the prevention and treatment of gut diseases, as well as stimulating further research into the cellular and molecular mechanisms of probiotic actions.Fil: Kitazawa, Haruki. Tohoku University. Graduate School of Agricultural Science; JapónFil: Alvarez, Gladis Susana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos (i); ArgentinaFil: Suvorov, Alexander. Institute of Experimental Medicine; RusiaFil: Melnikov, Vyacheslav. International Science and Technology Center; RusiaFil: Villena, Julio Cesar. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos (i); ArgentinaFil: Sánchez, Borja . Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas; Españ

Ultrabroadband light absorbing Fe/polymer flexible metamaterial for soft opto-mechanical devices

Altres ajuts: ICN2 is funded by the CERCA programme/Generalitat de Catalunya.Ultrabroadband light absorbers are attracting increasing interest for applications in energy harvesting, photodetection, self-regulated devices or soft robotics. However, current absorbers show detrimental insufficient absorption spectral range, or light angle and polarization dependence. Here we show that the unexplored optical properties of highly-damped plasmonic materials combined with the infrared absorption of thin polymer films enable developing ultrabroadband light-absorbing soft metamaterials. The developed metamaterial, composed of a nanostructured Fe layer mechanically coupled to a thin polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) film, shows unprecedented ultrabroadband and angle-independent optical absorption (averaging 84% within 300-18000 nm). The excellent photothermal efficiency and large thermal-expansion mismatch of the metamaterial is efficiently transformed into large mechanical deflections, which we exploit to show an artificial iris that self-regulates the transmitted light power from the ultraviolet to the long-wave infrared, an untethered light-controlled mechanical gripper and a light-triggered electrical switch

Can pain be reduced during childbirth with non-pharmacological techniques?

Muchas mujeres buscan alternativas no farmacológicas para aliviar los dolores del parto. Por ello, es un tema importante para los profesionales sanitarios. Esta revisión tiene como objetivo dar a conocer los métodos no farmacológicos para aliviar el dolor durante este proceso. Se realizó una búsqueda en diversas bases de datos. Los estudios observados muestran múltiples alternativas para aliviar este dolor, pero no se ponen de acuerdo para saber cuál sería el método más acertado y en qué fase del parto utilizarlo. Por ello, habría que investigar más para poder llegar a una conclusión que avale la efectividad de estos métodos.Many women look for non-pharmacological alternatives to alleviate the pain of childbirth. That is why it is an important issue for health professionals. This review aims to raise awareness of non-pharmacological methods for relieving pain during this process. A number of databases were searched. The studies observed show multiple alternatives to alleviate this pain, but do not agree to know what would be the most successful method and at what stage of childbirth use it. It would therefore be necessary to investigate more in order to reach a conclusion that endorse the effectiveness of these methods