The Association of Hyponatremia with Race, Ethnicity, and Gender in Patients Admitted for Acute Decompensated Heart Failure Diagnoses

Background: Hyponatremia, defined by a serum sodium concentration less than 135 mEq/L, is seen in approximately 25% of patients admitted with congestive heart failure (CHF). Hyponatremia on admission has been shown to increase in-hospital mortality and to be an independent predictor of 6month mortality. Prior work has shown that CHF patients with hyponatremia on admission are more likely to be Caucasian. Given its prognostic significance, hyponatremia and its association with patient characteristics warrants further study. Methods: We queried for unique admissions to Temple University Hospital between 2011 and 2015 with a DRG code of 291-293 to represent a heart failure admission. We identified admissions that had a first sodium lab value after admission available. Chi-square tests were performed to examine association between first Na\u3c135 mEq/L and ethnicity, gender, or ethnic/gender sub-group. Statistical significance was defined as p\u3c0.05. Results: 884 admissions were identified by ethnicity as either African-American , Caucasian (Non-Hispanic) or Hispanic . There was no association between first Na\u3c135 mEq/L and ethnicity (Chi-squared=2.31; p=0.31). 976 admissions were identified as either male or female . There was no association between hyponatremia on admission and gender (Chi-squared=1.17; p=0.27). 768 patient admissions could be classified by both ethnicity and gender. The association between hyponatremia on admission and ethnic/gender sub-group did not achieve statistical significance (Chi-squared=9.49; p=0.09). Conclusion(s): In conclusion, our study demonstrates no statistically significant association between hyponatremia and the patient characteristics ethnicity and gender in a small sample of heart failure admissions. There was a trend toward a lower proportion of African-American/Female admissions having hyponatremia

Identification of a truncated nucleoprotein in avian metapneumovirus-infected cells encoded by a second AUG, in-frame to the full-length gene

BACKGROUND: Avian metapneumoviruses (aMPV) cause an upper respiratory disease with low mortality, but high morbidity primarily in commercial turkeys. There are three types of aMPV (A, B, C) of which the C type is found only in the United States. Viruses related to aMPV include human, bovine, ovine, and caprine respiratory syncytial viruses and pneumonia virus of mice, as well as the recently identified human metapneumovirus (hMPV). The aMPV and hMPV have become the type viruses of a new genus within the Metapneumovirus. The aMPV nucleoprotein (N) amino acid sequences of serotypes A, B, and C were aligned for comparative analysis. Based on predicted antigenicity of consensus protein sequences, five aMPV-specific N peptides were synthesized for development of peptide-antigens and antisera. RESULTS: The presence of two aMPV nucleoprotein (N) gene encoded polypeptides was detected in aMPV/C/US/Co and aMPV/A/UK/3b infected Vero cells. Nucleoprotein 1 (N1) encoded from the first open reading frame (ORF) was predicted to be 394 amino acids in length for aMPV/C/US/Co and 391 amino acids in length for aMPV/A/UK/3b with approximate molecular weights of 43.3 kilodaltons and 42.7 kilodaltons, respectively. Nucleoprotein 2 (N2) was hypothesized to be encoded by a second downstream ORF in-frame with ORF1 and encoded a protein predicted to contain 328 amino acids for aMPV/C/US/Co or 259 amino acids for aMPV/A/UK/3b with approximate molecular weights of 36 kilodaltons and 28.3 kilodaltons, respectively. Peptide antibodies to the N-terminal and C-terminal portions of the aMPV N protein confirmed presence of these products in both aMPV/C/US/Co- and aMPV/A/UK/3b-infected Vero cells. N1 and N2 for aMPV/C/US/Co ORFs were molecularly cloned and expressed in Vero cells utilizing eukaryotic expression vectors to confirm identity of the aMPV encoded proteins. CONCLUSION: This is the first reported identification of potential, accessory in-frame N2 ORF gene products among members of the Paramyxoviridae. Genomic sequence analyses of related members of the Pneumovirinae other than aMPV, including human respiratory syncytial virus and bovine respiratory syncytial virus demonstrated the presence of this second potential ORF among these agents

Diplomado de profundización cisco ccnp.

La presente actividad mide las habilidades adquiridas durante el transcurso del curso, con el cual se busca dar solución a dos escenarios planteados , mediante la aplicación de los conocimientos adquiridos hasta el momento. Este proyecto consiste en el proceso de conceptualización de los diversos temas tratados en el curso ,como son: networking , seguridad, instalación, configuración, administración y resolución de problemas en redes LAN , WAN , afianzando conocimientos sobre protocolos de enrutamiento como son: IGRP, RIP, OSPF, se utilizo tanto el direccionamiento IPV4 e IPV6, se hizo énfasis en la seguridad, tema de basta importancia y que cada día toma mas relevancia al momento de diseñar una red.This activity measures the skills acquired during the course of the course, with which it seeks to solve two scenarios raised, by applying the knowledge acquired so far. This project consists of the conceptualization process of the various topics covered in the course, such as: networking, security, installation, configuration, administration and troubleshooting in LAN and WAN networks, consolidating knowledge about routing protocols such as: IGRP, RIP, OSPF, both IPV4 and IPV6 addressing were used, emphasis was placed on security, an issue of great importance and that every day becomes more relevant when designing a network

Propuesta de modelo gerencial (organizacional) para la gestión habitacional municipal en Venezuela: Caso estado de Lara

As part of the process of state decentralization in Venezuela to meet the rights and social demands of the population, including social housing, this work is developed with a focus on the municipal public administration of the state of Lara. The methodology used obeys a feasible project based on a field study. In general terms, the organizational diagnosis and the mode of housing management provided by the nine Municipal Housing Institutions in Lara, reveal institutional weaknesses and challenges that confirm the need to provide them with adequate administrative guidance in order to increase efficiency and the impact of their actions in a dynamic and changing context. The project constitutes a proposal derived from the diagnostic analysis, adequate to the factual reality under the coordination of experts in the area.Como parte del proceso de descentralización estatal en Venezuela para atender los derechos y demandas sociales de la población, entre ellas la vivienda social, se desarrolla el presente trabajo con centro de interés en la administración pública municipal del estado de Lara. La metodología utilizada obedece a un proyecto factible basado en un estudio de campo. En términos generales, el diagnóstico organizacional y del modo de gestión habitacional prestada por las nueve Instituciones Municipales de la Vivienda en Lara, da cuenta de debilidades y desafíos institucionales que constatan la necesidad de proveerles de un adecuado direccionamiento administrativo a propósito de incrementar la eficacia y el impacto en sus acciones frente a un contexto dinámico y cambiante. El proyecto constituye una propuesta derivada del análisis diagnóstico, adecuado a la realidad factual bajo la coordinación de expertos en el área

Share Functions for Cooperative Games with Levels Structure of Cooperation

In a standard TU-game it is assumed that every subset of the player set can form a coalition and earn its worth. One of the first models where restrictions in cooperation are considered is the one of games with coalition structure. In such games the player set is partitioned into unions and players can only cooperate within their own union. Owen introduced a value for games with coalition structure under the assumption that also the unions can cooperate among them. Winter extended this value to games with levels structure of cooperation, which consists of a game and a finite sequence of partitions defined on the player set, each of them being coarser than the previous one. A share function for TU-games is a type of solution that assigns to every game a vector whose components add up to one, and thus they can be interpreted as players' shares in the worth to be allocated. Extending the approach to games with coalition structure developed by van den Brink and van der Laan (2005), we introduce a class of share functions for games with levels structure of cooperation by defining, for each player and each level, a standard TU-game. The share given to each player is then defined as the product of her shares in the games at every level. We show several desirable properties and provide axiomatic characterizations of this class of LS-share functions

Segurança do paciente, sua percepção pela equipe de enfermagem em um hospital materno-infantil

Introduction: patient safety is a challenge for nurses, so it is necessary to develop, monitor and evaluate quality and safety indicators that are measurable, objective, relevant and based in real evidence. Objective: to describe the perceptions concerning the patient safety culture among the nursing staff of the Critical care service in a mother and child hospital in the Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires. Method: an observational, descriptive, cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted between August and October 2021. The accessible population consisted of 57 nursing professionals. The Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture was used as an instrument. Results: after analyzing the perceptions according to dimensions, it was found that the dimension with the highest values was 7 at feedback and communication about errors. The rest of the dimensions obtained scores in neutral range, with values less than or equal to 4 points. The Kruskal-Wallis test was applied, and no statistically significant differences were found between the groups in any of the four variables analyzed.Conclusions: in the analysis concerning patient safety culture found non-negative perceptions where feedback and communication about errors was the only dimension with a positive score among the nurses surveyed. Finally, it should be noted that it was not possible to establish that the organizational culture of patient safety was conditioned by sociodemographic or training indicators.Introducción: la seguridad del paciente constituye un desafío para el personal de enfermería, por lo que se hace necesario el desarrollo, seguimiento y evaluación de indicadores de calidad y seguridad medibles, objetivos, relevantes y basados en la evidencia. Objetivo: describir las percepciones sobre la cultura de seguridad del paciente en el personal de enfermería del servicio de cuidados críticos en un hospital materno-infantil de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires. Método: se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo, de corte transversal entre los meses de agosto y octubre de 2021. La población accesible estuvo constituida por 57 profesionales de enfermería. Se utilizó como instrumento el Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture.Resultados: luego del análisis de las percepciones según dimensiones se encontró que la dimensión con valores más altos fue de 7 sobre la retroalimentación y comunicación sobre errores. El resto de las dimensiones obtuvieron puntuaciones en el rango de lo neutral, con valores menores o iguales a 4 puntos. Se aplicó la prueba de Kruskal-Wallis, y no se hallaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los grupos en ninguna de las cuatro variables analizadas. Conclusiones: el análisis de la cultura de seguridad del paciente encontró percepciones no negativas donde la retroalimentación y comunicación sobre errores fue la única dimensión con puntuación positiva entre los enfermeros encuestados. Por último, destaca el hecho que no se pude establecer que la cultura organizacional de seguridad del paciente estuviera condicionada por indicadores sociodemográficos o de formación.Introdução: a segurança do paciente é um desafio para a equipe de enfermagem, por isso é necessário o desenvolvimento, monitoramento e avaliação de indicadores de qualidade e segurança mensuráveis, objetivos, relevantes e baseados em evidências. Objetivo: descrever as percepções sobre a cultura de segurança do paciente na equipe de enfermagem do serviço de cuidados intensivos em um hospital materno-infantil da Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires. Método: estudo observacional, descritivo, transversal, realizado entre os meses de agosto e outubro de 2021. A população acessível foi composta por 57 profissionais de enfermagem. O Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture foi utilizado como instrumento. Resultados: após analisar as percepções de acordo com as dimensões, verificou-se que a dimensão com maiores valores foi 7 no feedback e comunicação sobre erros. As demais dimensões obtiveram pontuações na faixa neutra, com valores menores ou iguais a 4 pontos. Aplicou-se o teste de Kruskal-Wallis e não foram encontradas diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre os grupos em nenhuma das quatro variáveis analisadas. Conclusões: a análise da cultura de segurança do paciente encontrou percepções não negativas onde o feedback e a comunicação sobre os erros foi a única dimensão com pontuação positiva entre os enfermeiros pesquisados. Por fim, destaca o fato de que não foi possível estabelecer que a cultura organizacional de segurança do paciente fosse condicionada por indicadores sociodemográficos ou de treinamento

White Gaussian Noise Based Capacity Estimate and Characterization of Fiber-Optic Links

We use white Gaussian noise as a test signal for single-mode and multimode transmission links and estimate the link capacity based on a calculation of mutual information. We also extract the complex amplitude channel estimations and mode-dependent loss with high accuracy.Comment: submitted to The Optical Networking and Communication Conference (OFC) 201

Producción de cultivos invernales en la región semiárida subhúmeda pampeana: identificación de información crítica para su implementación

Presentamos el resumen de resultados de una consulta a profesionales del agro realizada durante el mes de abril del 2020 para describir algunos de los elementos considerados para implementar y manejar cultivos invernales. Esta información es parte de los soportes contemplados para identificar potenciales áreas agronómicas según necesidades de desarrollo experimental o de su extensión. Momento de la evaluación: 15 al 30 de abril del 2020. Encuestas procesadas (con contenidos completos): 36. Perfil de los encuestados: profesionales de la agronomía con gestión en 2019 de al menos 500 has de cultivos invernales, estivales o actividades ganaderas mixtas. Tipos de ambientes predominantes: con suelos arenosos profundos sin presencia de napa.AER General PicoFil: Alvarez, Cristian. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Anguil. Agencia de Extensión Rural General Pico; ArgentinaFil: Díaz Zorita, Martín. Universidad de La Pampa. Facultad de Agronomía; Argentina.Fil: Riestra, Diego. Universidad de La Pampa. Facultad de Agronomía; Argentina