Open spaces and public life spatialities: a conceptual proposal to the research of the country's urban open spaces system

Este texto é o resultado da primeira etapa de trabalhos da fase número quatro do Projeto de pesquisa Quapá – Quadro do Paisagismo no Brasil, em desenvolvimento desde 1994 no Laboratório da Paisagem da FAUUSP, e que se voltará para o estudo teórico e metodológico dos sistemas de espaços livres na cidade brasileira, tendo como foco um conjunto das principais cidades de médio e grande porte do país. São apresentados conceitos que nortearão o novo processo de pesquisa, destacando-se os de espaço livre, sistema de espaços livres e áreas verdes.This paper is the result of the first part of the newest stage of projeto Quapá – Quadro do Paisagismo no Brasil in developing at FAUUSP. Nowadays the main subject of the research is the discussion of the adequate concepts to the open and green spaces in a brazilian urban reality and to investigate how it has been its development in the main brazilian cities

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

The design of public spaces on the suburb of São Paulo: a major socio- environmental

Este trabalho destina-se ao estudo dos sistemas de espaços livres, tendo como estudo de caso a cidade de São Paulo e o conjunto de intervenções urbanas realizadas na sua periferia durante a gestão da então prefeita Marta Sulicy, denominado Programa Centros de Bairro. São apresentados conceitos que nortearam o processo de pesquisa, destacando-se os de espaço, lugar, paisagem, espaços livres e sistema de espaços livres; e que são o resultado da primeira etapa de trabalhos do Projeto Temático de Pesquisa QUAPÁ-SEL , buscando a partir daí compreender, em linhas gerais, a configuração e formação dos Espaços Livres Públicos da cidade de São Paulo. Num segundo momento, a partir da implantação do Programa Centros de Bairro, identifica-se nos meandros da idealização do Programa e na efetiva vivência da implantação das praças e de suas relações com os bairros, a manifestação das diversas formas de apropriação desses espaços e sua relação com a configuração do Sistema de Espaços.periferiaThis work has the purpose to study free spaces systems, having as a case of study the city of Sao Paulo and the group of urban interventions done on its suburb during the mandate of the Mayor Marta Suplicy at the time, called Centros de Bairro. Concepts are presented, that oriented the research process, placing in evidence the ones of space, place, landscape, free spaces and system of free spaces; that are the result of the first part of works of the thematic projet of research QUAPA-SEL, looking forward to comphehend, in general, the configuration and formation of Public Free Spaces of the city of Sao Paulo. As a second step, after the implantation of the Centros de Bairro, Its seen in the details of the idea of the program and in its effective experience of the implementation of squares and its relations with the neighborhoods, the manifestation of different ways of appropriation of these spaces and its relation to the configuration of the system of spaces

The design of public spaces on the suburb of São Paulo: a major socio- environmental

Este trabalho destina-se ao estudo dos sistemas de espaços livres, tendo como estudo de caso a cidade de São Paulo e o conjunto de intervenções urbanas realizadas na sua periferia durante a gestão da então prefeita Marta Sulicy, denominado Programa Centros de Bairro. São apresentados conceitos que nortearam o processo de pesquisa, destacando-se os de espaço, lugar, paisagem, espaços livres e sistema de espaços livres; e que são o resultado da primeira etapa de trabalhos do Projeto Temático de Pesquisa QUAPÁ-SEL , buscando a partir daí compreender, em linhas gerais, a configuração e formação dos Espaços Livres Públicos da cidade de São Paulo. Num segundo momento, a partir da implantação do Programa Centros de Bairro, identifica-se nos meandros da idealização do Programa e na efetiva vivência da implantação das praças e de suas relações com os bairros, a manifestação das diversas formas de apropriação desses espaços e sua relação com a configuração do Sistema de Espaços.periferiaThis work has the purpose to study free spaces systems, having as a case of study the city of Sao Paulo and the group of urban interventions done on its suburb during the mandate of the Mayor Marta Suplicy at the time, called Centros de Bairro. Concepts are presented, that oriented the research process, placing in evidence the ones of space, place, landscape, free spaces and system of free spaces; that are the result of the first part of works of the thematic projet of research QUAPA-SEL, looking forward to comphehend, in general, the configuration and formation of Public Free Spaces of the city of Sao Paulo. As a second step, after the implantation of the Centros de Bairro, Its seen in the details of the idea of the program and in its effective experience of the implementation of squares and its relations with the neighborhoods, the manifestation of different ways of appropriation of these spaces and its relation to the configuration of the system of spaces

Espaços livres e espacialidades da esfera de vida pública: uma proposição conceitual para o estudo de sistemas de espaços livres urbanos no país

Este texto é o resultado da primeira etapa de trabalhos da fase número quatro do Projeto de pesquisa Quapá – Quadro do Paisagismo no Brasil, em desenvolvimento desde 1994 no Laboratório da Paisagem da FAUUSP, e que se voltará para o estudo teórico e metodológico dos sistemas de espaços livres na cidade brasileira, tendo como foco um conjunto das principais cidades de médio e grande porte do país. São apresentados conceitos que nortearão o novo processo de pesquisa, destacando-se os de espaço livre, sistema de espaços livres e áreas verdes

Geoeconomic variations in epidemiology, ventilation management, and outcomes in invasively ventilated intensive care unit patients without acute respiratory distress syndrome: a pooled analysis of four observational studies

Background: Geoeconomic variations in epidemiology, the practice of ventilation, and outcome in invasively ventilated intensive care unit (ICU) patients without acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) remain unexplored. In this analysis we aim to address these gaps using individual patient data of four large observational studies. Methods: In this pooled analysis we harmonised individual patient data from the ERICC, LUNG SAFE, PRoVENT, and PRoVENT-iMiC prospective observational studies, which were conducted from June, 2011, to December, 2018, in 534 ICUs in 54 countries. We used the 2016 World Bank classification to define two geoeconomic regions: middle-income countries (MICs) and high-income countries (HICs). ARDS was defined according to the Berlin criteria. Descriptive statistics were used to compare patients in MICs versus HICs. The primary outcome was the use of low tidal volume ventilation (LTVV) for the first 3 days of mechanical ventilation. Secondary outcomes were key ventilation parameters (tidal volume size, positive end-expiratory pressure, fraction of inspired oxygen, peak pressure, plateau pressure, driving pressure, and respiratory rate), patient characteristics, the risk for and actual development of acute respiratory distress syndrome after the first day of ventilation, duration of ventilation, ICU length of stay, and ICU mortality. Findings: Of the 7608 patients included in the original studies, this analysis included 3852 patients without ARDS, of whom 2345 were from MICs and 1507 were from HICs. Patients in MICs were younger, shorter and with a slightly lower body-mass index, more often had diabetes and active cancer, but less often chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and heart failure than patients from HICs. Sequential organ failure assessment scores were similar in MICs and HICs. Use of LTVV in MICs and HICs was comparable (42·4% vs 44·2%; absolute difference -1·69 [-9·58 to 6·11] p=0·67; data available in 3174 [82%] of 3852 patients). The median applied positive end expiratory pressure was lower in MICs than in HICs (5 [IQR 5-8] vs 6 [5-8] cm H2O; p=0·0011). ICU mortality was higher in MICs than in HICs (30·5% vs 19·9%; p=0·0004; adjusted effect 16·41% [95% CI 9·52-23·52]; p<0·0001) and was inversely associated with gross domestic product (adjusted odds ratio for a US$10 000 increase per capita 0·80 [95% CI 0·75-0·86]; p<0·0001). Interpretation: Despite similar disease severity and ventilation management, ICU mortality in patients without ARDS is higher in MICs than in HICs, with a strong association with country-level economic status

Analysis of Outcomes in Ischemic vs Nonischemic Cardiomyopathy in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation A Report From the GARFIELD-AF Registry

IMPORTANCE Congestive heart failure (CHF) is commonly associated with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (AF), and their combination may affect treatment strategies and outcomes