Estudio bibliográfico preliminar para la producción de plásticos biodegradables a partir de harina de yuca

El trabajo inicia analizando teóricamente los efectos y características de los plásticos convencionales, es así que los fuentes bibliográficos consultadas retractan que los plástico que se fabrican de los derivados del petróleo ha ido en aumento debido a su practicidad y el costo barato de su producción; la composición de una bolsa de plástico convencional es perjudicial para el medio ambiente debido a que tarda 150 años en degradarse, afectando diferentes ecosistemas y, nuestra salud. Para ello se hace un Análisis preliminar para la producción de plástico biodegradable a partir de harina de yuca. Una investigación exploratoria que siga un diseño bibliográfico fue la ruta elegida para responder a la anterior interrogante. La metodología seguida fue la observación bibliográfica, la cual, mediante fichas de investigación exploratoria, cuadros resúmenes y planes de investigación que ayudaron en la organización de forma ordenada de la información obtenida, también se realizó entrevistas a expertos en el área las cuales ayudaron al sustento del proyecto. Los resultados a los que se han llegado, según la investigación, es que el uso de plásticos biodegradables reducirá la contaminación ambiental ya que como materia prima se usa compuestos susceptibles a la degradación microbiana con ayuda de agentes externos, como incidencia de rayos ultravioletas, aumento de temperatura y medios acuosos. Cabe destacar que los plásticos biodegradables no puede sustituir en definitivo el uso de los plásticos convencionales, a pesar de que la materia prima son de diversos orígenes, pero el costo de producción y extracción son de costo elevados a comparación de los derivados del petróleo. El proceso de producción es lo mismo que sigue la fabricación de los plásticos convencionales, consta de una mezcladora de las materia prima con los componentes adicionales, para un posterior soplado y sellado, pasando por un control de calidad.Trabajo de investigació

Análisis de Mota Engil Perú y Viajes Pacífico

El COVID-19 ha generado un gran impacto en el desarrollo de las actividades económicas de las empresas y en las relaciones laborales internas, tanto individuales como colectivas. De esta forma, las organizaciones han tenido que identificar y seleccionar alternativas para enfrentar los problemas diversos y solucionarlos de la mejor manera posible. Algunas de estas decisiones han sido favorables, ya que han permitido que las empresas se recuperen de la grave situación actual y, otras, desfavorables, debido a la falta de evaluación y monitoreo de las equivocadas estrategias aplicadas. Por esta razón, muchas compañías se han ido a la quiebra; como consecuencia, el nivel de desempleo ha sido exponencial, desde marzo del presente año, generando que familias enteras hayan atravesado por situaciones económicas muy difíciles. En este sentido, dos de las empresas a analizar serán Mota Engil Perú y Viajes Pacífico, las cuales han atravesado por dificultades laborales, generadas por la pandemia, y han tomado acciones determinantes respecto a las situaciones presentadas en cada empresa. Además, se describirá el contexto en el cual ambas compañías se encontraban desde el inicio del COVID19 y qué obstáculos tuvieron que afrontar para cumplir con el marco normativo peruano. Finalmente, se indicarán las recomendaciones y conclusiones del trabajo de investigación, para que las empresas a estudiar tomen en cuenta los errores que podrían estar cometiendo, los cuales, si no son modificados a tiempo, podrían ser traducidos en sanciones económicas graves, denuncias, cierre de negocio y pérdida de reputación en el mercado.COVID-19 has had a great impact on the development of the economic activities of companies and on internal labor relations, both individual and collective. In this way, organizations have had to identify and select alternatives to face diverse problems and solve them in the best possible way. Some of these decisions have been favorable, since they have allowed companies to recover from the current serious situation and, others, unfavorable, due to the lack of evaluation and monitoring of the wrong strategies applied. For this reason, many companies have gone bankrupt; As a consequence, the level of unemployment has been exponential, since March of this year, causing entire families to have gone through very difficult economic situations. In this sense, two of the companies to be analyzed will be Mota Engil Peru and Viajes Pacífico, which have gone through labor difficulties, generated by the pandemic, and have taken Determining actions regarding the situations presented in each company. In addition, the context in which both companies found themselves since the beginning of COVID19 and what obstacles they had to face to comply with the Peruvian regulatory framework will be described. Finally, the recommendations and conclusions of the research work will be indicated, so that the companies to study take into account the errors that they could be committing, which, if they are not modified in time, could be translated into serious financial penalties, complaints, closure of business and loss of reputation in the market

Comprehensive rehabilitation in psychiatry for physical independence in hospitalized schizophrenic patients

Introduction: Physical independence is when a person does not need another person to carry out activities of daily living. Schizophrenia is among the 10 most disabling diseases. Objective: To describe the changes in physical independence after applying a comprehensive rehabilitation program for hospitalized schizophrenic adults. Methods: Research developed between January 20, 2018 and February 13, 2022. It integrated qualitative and quantitative research techniques and procedures. A single group was used. The consultation was applied to specialists. 65 schizophrenic patients participated who had been in hospital for more than 6 months, were less than 60 years old, and who were not in their acute phase or outbreak. The program was designed and applied over a period of 6 months with the participation of the mental health team, after training. Results: After the program was applied, the "independent" category predominated. Cognitive, affective, and behavioral improvement were achieved, as well as positive and negative symptoms. Changes were achieved towards higher levels of rehabilitation. Patients satisfied with the treatment received prevailed. The 10 specialists consulted considered the program viable. Conclusions: The comprehensive rehabilitation program for the hospitalized schizophrenic adult improves physical independence, promotes positive changes and is feasible to be applied

Echinococcus granulosus : epidemiology and state-of-the-art of diagnostics in animals

Diagnosis and detection of Echinococcus granulosus (sensu lato) infection in animals is a prerequisite for epidemiological studies and surveillance of echinococcosis in endemic, re-emergent or emergent transmission zones. Advances in diagnostic approaches for definitive hosts and livestock, however, have not progressed equally over the last 20 years. Development of laboratory based diagnostics for canids using coproantigen ELISA and also coproPCR, have had a huge impact on epidemiological studies and more recently on surveillance during hydatid control programmes. In contrast, diagnosis of cystic echinococcosis (CE) in livestock still relies largely on conventional post-mortem inspection, despite a relatively low diagnostic sensitivity especially in early infections, as current serodiagnostics do not provide a sufficiently specific and sensitive practical pre-mortem alternative. As a result, testing of dog faecal samples by coproantigen ELISA, often combined with mass ultrasound screening programmes for human CE, has been the preferred approach for monitoring and surveillance in resource-poor endemic areas and during control schemes. In this article we review the current options and approaches for diagnosis of E. granulosus infection in definitive and animal intermediate hosts (including applications in non-domesticated species) and make conclusions and recommendations for further improvements in diagnosis for use in epidemiological studies and surveillance schemes

Strategic framework for unmanned aerial systems integration in public organisations in the Dominican Republic disaster management context

This is an accepted manuscript of an article published by Elsevier in International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, available online at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2021.102088 The accepted version of the publication may differ from the final published version.In the Caribbean region, there is a significant yearly number of natural events incidents. The impact of those events has affected the well-being, social and economic structures of the countries in this region. The investment in disaster management strategies is a fundamental decision to the region for improving capabilities, understanding the liabilities, dealing with the disaster stages, and integrating systems and tools to obtain greater results in resilience strategies. Therefore, information technology and robotics have played an effective role bringing innovation to the traditional approaches by improving the capabilities of personnel and serves as a catalyst to rapid data collection tools for effective decision-making during disastrous situation, as has been the case of the Dominican Republic. The organic adoption process of Unmanned Aerial System (UAS) has represented a large step forward regarding this matter. Examples of the adoption process occurs based on their flexibility in their regulatory context, funding investments in testing the applications of UAS, such as surveying, delivering medical samples and spray disinfection during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, there are only some mature applications that address a future-proofing concept as well as the integration into a typical institutional workflow. Therefore, this paper aims to be an introductory guide for decision and policymakers, educators and technicians to reduce the scepticism, lack of knowledge and know-how in the adoption of reliable, practical and effective tools by providing a combination of theories from socio-technical systems (socio-technical change impact model (SCI)) and organizational level (technology-organizational-environmental) frameworks of the UAS adoption process for natural events, tasks and critical roles in disaster management taking into account the Dominican Republic context. Qualitative cases of studies were evaluated from nine (9) professionals related to disaster management in the Dominican Republic, and a semi-structured interview were used to approach the adoption process of Unmanned Aerial System (UAS) in these organisations

Burnout Syndrome and alcohol consumption in prison employees

Objective: The aims of this study were to estimate the association between an at-risk drinking pattern and sociodemographic variables, and to compare the mean scores of the factors associated with the Burnout Syndrome, according to the alcohol consumption pattern in staff members from two Brazilian prisons. Methods: A cross-sectional study was developed with 339 participants (response rate = 63.8%). The instruments used were a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), and the Maslach Burnout Inventory – General Survey (MBI-GS). Results: The participants’ average age was 40.2 (SD = 8.8) years, and 81.0% were male. Among 78.5% of participants (95%CI 74.1 – 82.8) reported consuming alcoholic beverages. The prevalence of at-risk drinking behavior in the sample was 22.4% (95%CI 18.0 – 26.9), and of the Burnout Syndrome was 14.6% (95%CI 10.8 – 18.4). We observed a significant association between at-risk drinking behavior with gender, higher risk for men (OR = 7.32, p < 0.001), smoking, increased risk for smokers (OR = 2.77, p < 0.001), and religious practice, showing lower risks for religion practitioners (OR = 0.364, p < 0.001). We noticed significantly higher mean scores (p < 0.001) of emotional exhaustion and cynicism, and lower scores of professional achievement among individuals who reported consuming alcoholic beverages. Conclusion: Men who smoke were more likely to develop an at-risk drinking pattern, while religion is presented as a protective factor. Individuals who consume alcohol were more affected by the different factors of the Burnout Syndrome

NEOTROPICAL XENARTHRANS: a data set of occurrence of xenarthran species in the Neotropics

Xenarthrans – anteaters, sloths, and armadillos – have essential functions for ecosystem maintenance, such as insect control and nutrient cycling, playing key roles as ecosystem engineers. Because of habitat loss and fragmentation, hunting pressure, and conflicts with 24 domestic dogs, these species have been threatened locally, regionally, or even across their full distribution ranges. The Neotropics harbor 21 species of armadillos, ten anteaters, and six sloths. Our dataset includes the families Chlamyphoridae (13), Dasypodidae (7), Myrmecophagidae (3), Bradypodidae (4), and Megalonychidae (2). We have no occurrence data on Dasypus pilosus (Dasypodidae). Regarding Cyclopedidae, until recently, only one species was recognized, but new genetic studies have revealed that the group is represented by seven species. In this data-paper, we compiled a total of 42,528 records of 31 species, represented by occurrence and quantitative data, totaling 24,847 unique georeferenced records. The geographic range is from the south of the USA, Mexico, and Caribbean countries at the northern portion of the Neotropics, to its austral distribution in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. Regarding anteaters, Myrmecophaga tridactyla has the most records (n=5,941), and Cyclopes sp. has the fewest (n=240). The armadillo species with the most data is Dasypus novemcinctus (n=11,588), and the least recorded for Calyptophractus retusus (n=33). With regards to sloth species, Bradypus variegatus has the most records (n=962), and Bradypus pygmaeus has the fewest (n=12). Our main objective with Neotropical Xenarthrans is to make occurrence and quantitative data available to facilitate more ecological research, particularly if we integrate the xenarthran data with other datasets of Neotropical Series which will become available very soon (i.e. Neotropical Carnivores, Neotropical Invasive Mammals, and Neotropical Hunters and Dogs). Therefore, studies on trophic cascades, hunting pressure, habitat loss, fragmentation effects, species invasion, and climate change effects will be possible with the Neotropical Xenarthrans dataset

Global patient outcomes after elective surgery: prospective cohort study in 27 low-, middle- and high-income countries.

BACKGROUND: As global initiatives increase patient access to surgical treatments, there remains a need to understand the adverse effects of surgery and define appropriate levels of perioperative care. METHODS: We designed a prospective international 7-day cohort study of outcomes following elective adult inpatient surgery in 27 countries. The primary outcome was in-hospital complications. Secondary outcomes were death following a complication (failure to rescue) and death in hospital. Process measures were admission to critical care immediately after surgery or to treat a complication and duration of hospital stay. A single definition of critical care was used for all countries. RESULTS: A total of 474 hospitals in 19 high-, 7 middle- and 1 low-income country were included in the primary analysis. Data included 44 814 patients with a median hospital stay of 4 (range 2-7) days. A total of 7508 patients (16.8%) developed one or more postoperative complication and 207 died (0.5%). The overall mortality among patients who developed complications was 2.8%. Mortality following complications ranged from 2.4% for pulmonary embolism to 43.9% for cardiac arrest. A total of 4360 (9.7%) patients were admitted to a critical care unit as routine immediately after surgery, of whom 2198 (50.4%) developed a complication, with 105 (2.4%) deaths. A total of 1233 patients (16.4%) were admitted to a critical care unit to treat complications, with 119 (9.7%) deaths. Despite lower baseline risk, outcomes were similar in low- and middle-income compared with high-income countries. CONCLUSIONS: Poor patient outcomes are common after inpatient surgery. Global initiatives to increase access to surgical treatments should also address the need for safe perioperative care. STUDY REGISTRATION: ISRCTN5181700