Carga mundial de las enfermedades tropicales olvidadas

Las enfermedades tropicales desatendidas (ETD) son una enfermedad tropical relacionada con la pobreza, por un lado, no se les presta suficiente atención, aunque están muy extendidas y conducen a enfermedades graves y duraderas, por otro lado, afectan particularmente a la parte más pobre de la población en países que ya son pobres, estas personas por lo general no tienen acceso a una atención médica adecuada, el objetivo de esta investigación es analizar la carga mundial que generan las enfermedades tropicales olvidadas. La metodología se trata un estudio narrativo documental de tipo descriptivo. Los resultados de esta revisión muestran la gran prevalencia de este tipo de infecciones y de la carga que representa para el sistema de salud pública mundial, asi como la peligrosidad de estas, se menciona que a nivel mundial existen un total de 2300 millones de casos. En conclusión, millones de personas en todo el mundo se ven afectadas por al menos una enfermedad tropical olvidada y millones mueren cada año como resultado de estas, afectan a las poblaciones de países pobres o de ingresos medio

Colorectal cancer: a review

Colorectal cancer (CCR) is the third most common cancer worldwide in men and women, the second largest cause of death related to cancer, and the main cause of death in gastrointestinal cancer. The risk of developing this cancer is related to bad alimentary habits, smoking, intestinal inflammatory disease, polyps, genetic factors, and aging. Of the patients that are diagnosed with colorectal cancer 90% are older than 50, with a median age of 64 years; however, the disease is more aggressive in patients that are diagnosed at younger ages. According to the American Cancer Association, it was accounted for more than 49,700 deaths in 2015. The goal is to reduce the mortality rate with early diagnosis and treatment. Currently, the survival rate is used to predict a patient’s prognosis. The patient is considered to have a positive familial history if a first-degree relative has been diagnosed with colorectal cancer or colonic polyps before the age of 60, or also if two or more first-degree relatives have been diagnosed with cancer or polyps at any age. There are several methods for detecting colorectal cancer, such as the guaiac test, immunochemical test of stool, DNA stool test, sigmoidoscopy, colonoscopy, and barium enema. The stage in which the cancer is detected determines the prognosis, survival, and treatment of the patient. Provide a review about generalities, genetic basis, risk factors, protective factors, clinical course, diagnostic methods, therapy and survival in colorectal cancer. Conducted research from different databases such as PubMed, Medline, MedScape, on the definition, genetic factors, classification, risk factors, protective factors, diagnostic methods, epidemiology, survival and treatment of colorectal cancer. Articles from 2000 to 2017 were included using the following keywords

La economía panameña, una mirada al pasado, presente y futuro

Comprender los cambios que ha sufrido la economía panameña a través del tiempo, es importante por el valor que debe tener para nosotros como estudiante y futuros profesionales.Hemos visto que en los 20 últimos años Panamá ha sido una de las economías más fuertes de la región, e inclusive el crecimiento económico nos ha favorecido aun y con los reveses a nivel internacional y nacional. Pero hoy, la economía nacional pierde dinamismo, se ha pronosticado que el PIB crecerá para el próximo año 2019 en un 4 %, frente a un 3.7% del 2018. Tendrá un leve crecimiento, pero con riesgos, que se manifiestan en el tránsito por el canal de panamá y el sector construcción que ha estado detenido por un periodo de tiempo, lo que ha provocado que el nivel de desempleo se dispare a un 6%, afectando al consumo nacional. el comportamiento del mercado laboral, según explicó Manuel Ferreira, director de Asuntos Económicos de la CCIAP, se mantiene con una tendencia al alza en la tasa de desocupación, la cual podría culminar para este año en 6.3%, pero con tendencia a disminuir en 2020 y 2021 en la medida en que la economía alcance crecimientos por encima del 5%.To understand the changes that the Panamanian economy has suffered because of the value it should have for us as students and future professionals.We have seen that in the last 20 years Panama has been one of the strongest economies in the region, and even the economic growth has still benefited us and with the setbacks at the international and national level.But today, the national economy loses dynamism, it has been predicted that GDP will grow by next year 2019 by 4%, compared to 3.7% in 2018. It will have a slight growth, but with risks, that are manifested in the transit through the Panama Canal and the construction sector that has been stopped for a period of time, which has caused the unemployment level to shoot up to 6%, affecting national consumption. The labor market behavior, as explained by Manuel Ferreira, director of Economic Affairs of CCIAP, remains with a tendency to rise in the unemployment rate, which could culminate this year in 6.3%, but with a tendency to decline in 2020 and 2021 as the economy reaches growth above 5%.Licenciatura en Marítima y Portuaria, Materia: Economía Marítima Licenciatura en Seguridad y Salud Ocupacional Materia: Economía del Trabaj

Global attitudes in the management of acute appendicitis during COVID-19 pandemic: ACIE Appy Study

Background: Surgical strategies are being adapted to face the COVID-19 pandemic. Recommendations on the management of acute appendicitis have been based on expert opinion, but very little evidence is available. This study addressed that dearth with a snapshot of worldwide approaches to appendicitis. Methods: The Association of Italian Surgeons in Europe designed an online survey to assess the current attitude of surgeons globally regarding the management of patients with acute appendicitis during the pandemic. Questions were divided into baseline information, hospital organization and screening, personal protective equipment, management and surgical approach, and patient presentation before versus during the pandemic. Results: Of 744 answers, 709 (from 66 countries) were complete and were included in the analysis. Most hospitals were treating both patients with and those without COVID. There was variation in screening indications and modality used, with chest X-ray plus molecular testing (PCR) being the commonest (19\ub78 per cent). Conservative management of complicated and uncomplicated appendicitis was used by 6\ub76 and 2\ub74 per cent respectively before, but 23\ub77 and 5\ub73 per cent, during the pandemic (both P < 0\ub7001). One-third changed their approach from laparoscopic to open surgery owing to the popular (but evidence-lacking) advice from expert groups during the initial phase of the pandemic. No agreement on how to filter surgical smoke plume during laparoscopy was identified. There was an overall reduction in the number of patients admitted with appendicitis and one-third felt that patients who did present had more severe appendicitis than they usually observe. Conclusion: Conservative management of mild appendicitis has been possible during the pandemic. The fact that some surgeons switched to open appendicectomy may reflect the poor guidelines that emanated in the early phase of SARS-CoV-2