Les traitements physiques dans la rétraction capsulaire de l'épaule :revue de la littérature [Physical therapy of frozen shoulder: literature review]

To determine the efficacy of physical treatments in adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder by a systematic review of literature, attempting to perform a meta-analysis from randomised clinical trials. A systematic literature search was conducted to retrieve all randomised controlled trials of physical therapy such as physiotherapy and manipulation, but also arthrographic distension, mobilisation under general anaesthesia or nerve block, arthroscopic distension or arthrolysis, and intra-articular corticoid injections. The main outcome for meta-analysis was the restoration of range of movement between the sixth week and the third month. Only 16 articles could be selected, and only three about capsular distension were included in a meta-analysis because of the heterogeneity of the criteria assessing the functional results and of the poor methodological value of most of the articles. Some open studies stressed the value of daily manipulations and physiotherapy, intra-articular corticosteroid injections, but their quality was poor or limited. Nothing was written about antalgic drugs to facilitate joint mobilisation, and the use of a thoraco-brachial abduction device between exercises was only quoted. The most refractory cases might need more aggressive interventions: arthrographic distension with local anaesthesia and steroid injection; mobilisation under general or local anaesthesia, specially interscalene brachial plexus block; arthroscopic release. But there was no randomised controlled study comparing these three techniques and it seemed impossible to come to any conclusion about the superiority of one of them. The meta-analysis showed yet that capsular distension with intra-articular corticoid injections was better than corticoid injections alone. This demonstrated the need of a consensus about the criteria of assessment, the time of evaluation, before assessing by randomised clinical trials of good quality their therapeutic value

An 11b 3.6GS/s time-Iiterleaved SAR ADC in 65nm CMOS

Over the last years several low-power time-interleaved (TI) ADC designs in the 2.5-to-3.0GS/s range have been published [1-3], intended for integration in applications like radar, software-defined radio, full-spectrum cable modems, and multi-channel satellite reception. It is to be expected that future generations of these applications will require a higher ADC sampling rate, while maintaining good high-frequency linearity. Furthermore, a high spectral purity is desired, as spurs can cause an SNR degradation of several dB for weak narrowband signals. For interleaved converters, this mandates an output with limited interleaving artifacts. For the reception of broadband and multi-carrier signals, the gain mismatch and time-skew tones do not typically limit performance, since the spurs are evenly spread over frequency due to the broadband nature of the input signal. The offset mismatches, however, generate spurs at fixed frequencies, thereby representing the main performance limitation. This paper presents a prototype 3.6GS/s 11b TI SAR ADC with a THD that is better than -55dB at 2.5GHz and that has gain and offset spurs below -80dBFS, consuming 795mW in 65nm CMOS

An 11b 3.6GS/s time-Iiterleaved SAR ADC in 65nm CMOS

Over the last years several low-power time-interleaved (TI) ADC designs in the 2.5-to-3.0GS/s range have been published [1-3], intended for integration in applications like radar, software-defined radio, full-spectrum cable modems, and multi-channel satellite reception. It is to be expected that future generations of these applications will require a higher ADC sampling rate, while maintaining good high-frequency linearity. Furthermore, a high spectral purity is desired, as spurs can cause an SNR degradation of several dB for weak narrowband signals. For interleaved converters, this mandates an output with limited interleaving artifacts. For the reception of broadband and multi-carrier signals, the gain mismatch and time-skew tones do not typically limit performance, since the spurs are evenly spread over frequency due to the broadband nature of the input signal. The offset mismatches, however, generate spurs at fixed frequencies, thereby representing the main performance limitation. This paper presents a prototype 3.6GS/s 11b TI SAR ADC with a THD that is better than -55dB at 2.5GHz and that has gain and offset spurs below -80dBFS, consuming 795mW in 65nm CMOS