Clearing and settlement of U.S. dollar payments: back to the future?

Federal Reserve banks - Service charges ; Payment systems

Monte Carlo Predictions of Far-Infrared Emission from Spiral Galaxies

We present simulations of Far Infrared (FIR) emission by dust in spiral galaxies, based on the Monte Carlo radiative transfer code of Bianchi, Ferrara & Giovanardi (1996). The radiative transfer is carried out at several wavelength in the Ultraviolet, optical and Near Infrared, to cover the range of the stellar Spectral Energy Distribution (SED). Together with the images of the galactic model, a map of the energy absorbed by dust is produced. Using Galactic dust properties, the spatial distribution of dust temperature is derived under the assumption of thermal equilibrium. A correction is applied for non-equilibrium emission in the Mid Infrared. Images of dust emission can then be produced at any wavelength in the FIR. We show the application of the model to the spiral galaxy NGC 6946. The observed stellar SED is used as input and models are produced for different star-dust geometries. It is found that only optically thick dust disks can reproduce the observed amount of FIR radiation. However, it is not possible to reproduce the large FIR scalelength suggested by recent observation of spirals at 200 um, even when the scalelength of the dust disk is larger than that for stars. Optically thin models have ratios of optical/FIR scalelengths closer to the 200um observations, but with smaller absolute scalelengths than optically thick cases. The modelled temperature distributions are compatible with observations of the Galaxy and other spirals. We finally discuss the approximations of the model and the impact of a clumpy stellar and dust structure on the FIR simulations.Comment: 19 pages, 6 figures, accepted by A&

Letter to the Law Alumni of The University of Georgia

As the last letter written to our alumni was before the war, this letter is prompted by the desire to give you a picture of your School in these post-war days. To all but the most recent graduates the present School of Law is in some respects quite a different place from the School of Law you knew. Throughout the country law schools have become filled with wave after wave of returning veterans, oftentimes putting an almost overwhelming burden on the faculty as well as classroom, library, and housing facilities. The situation here at The University of Georgia has paralleled these nationwide conditions. This fall there are 338 students enrolled in the School of Law. Seventy per cent of these are veterans. There are 141 first year students, 113 second year students, 79 third year students, and 5 special students, and it seems that the peak in enrollment has not yet been reached

Dean\u27 Report 1961

I have the honor to submit the following Report for the School of Law for the year 1960-1961. Aristotle once said: All who have meditated on the art of governing mankind have been convinced that the fate of Empires depends upon the education of youth. So it seems to me that the fate of the bar of this country depends upon the education of the young men and women who are admitted to the bar. For over a century now the University of Georgia Law School has been engaged in this high endeavor. We are indeed proud of our alumni who have gone out in the State and throughout the country and contributed much to the legal and social order of their times. The faculty and students have also measured up well

Dean\u27 Report 1963

The School of Law has had a good year, but has suffered as a result of quite inadequate physical facilities. This matter has been referred to in my Annual Report for years, but now we at the Law School are pleased that, upon the recommendation of the Administration of the University, the Board of Regents has made provisions for additional facilities

Dean\u27 Report 1937

You are familiar with the report made by Dean Herschel W. Arant, Dean of the College of Law of Ohio State University and Secretary of the Association of American Law Schools following his inspection of the Law School last September. His report included the following recommendations concerning the Library: (1) That the dean be advised that expenditures in the immediate future would be made wisely if a few complete sets of the better law reviews not now in the library were added. (2) That the dean be advised that the library should add eight or ten more statutory compilations to satisfy the requirements of Article Sixth, Section 6. Dean Arant pointed out that the collection of text-books in the Library is somewhat meager. There are several new treatises in important fields that should be added as soon as possible. I take pleasure in reporting our records show that during the year we have not lost a book from the Library

Dean\u27 Report 1938

For the past two years the faculty of the School of Law of The University of Georgia has been studying the curriculum of this School as well as the curricula of the other leading law schools in the country for the purpose of effecting such revision as seemed desirable to better serve the needs of the students. The bulletin of the Law School, which has been issued recently, gives the details of the new curriculum which has been prepared by the law faculty and approved by the President of the University. The members of the faculty believe that the changes which have been made will better fit the law graduates to meet present day conditions at the bar and to discharge their social responsibilities. The equipment of the Law School is on the whole satisfactory, but a new mimeograph is absolutely necessary in order to effectively carry on the work of the School. A few more tables are needed in the third year classroom and a new typewriter for the use of N.Y.A. workers. The registration during 1937-1938 was as follows: Class of 1938 35 Class of 1939 34 Class of 1940 49 Irregular 1 Special 1 Total 12

SCUBA imaging of NGC 7331 dust ring

We present observations of the spiral galaxy NGC 7331 using the Sub-millimetre Common User Bolometer Array (SCUBA) on the James Clark Maxwell Telescope. We have detected a dust ring of 45 arcsec radius (3.3 kpc) at wavelengths of 450 and 850-micron. The dust ring is in good correspondence with other observations of the ring in the mid-infrared (MIR), CO and radio-continuum, suggesting that the observed dust is associated with the molecular gas and star formation. A B-K colour map shows an analogous ring structure with an asymmetry about the major axis, consistent with the extinction being produced by a dust ring. The derived temperature of the dust lies between 16 and 31 K and the gas-to-dust ratio between 150 and 570, depending on the assumed dust emission efficiency index (beta=1.5 or 2.).Comment: 5 pages, 6 figures, to be published in MNRA

Dean\u27 Report 1962

The School of Law has had a good year, but has suffered as a result of quite inadequate physical facilities. This matter has been referred to in the Annual Reports for years past but the situation is now most critical. Therefore, the most important part of this Report has to do with the urgency of the need of additional physical facilities that is discussed in Section IV PHYSICAL FACILITIES of this Report