An investigation about the effect of oxazolidine on modified valonia extract tanning

This study is aimed at combining the usage of valonia and modified valonia extracts with oxazolidine to obtain an increase in hydrothermal stability, and thus to develop tanning efficiency and to produce leathers that have better properties then the ones tanned with valonia extract only. Natural and three modified valonia extracts and oxazolidine were used as tanning materials. Skin samples were divided into two groups. In group A, valonia extracts were used as tanning materials and oxazolidine as retanning agent. Group A was divided into 4 subgroups according to the used extract type. Each subgroup was also separated into four lots according to the oxazolidine percentages used. Group B; where oxazolidine was used as pretanning while valonia extracts as tanning agents, was divided into three subgroups according of oxazolidine usage. Each subgroup had four lots according to the used extracts. General means of Shrinkage Temperatures (Ts) for natural extract, group A and B were found as 65.66, 78.62 and 83.42 o C, respectively, indicating that the oxazolidine pretanning followed by valonia retanning provides better tanning efficiency. On the base of the unique experiment, 4% oxazolidine and 20% least modified vegetable tannin combination gave the best result

Evaluation of Fish By-Products Meal Emerging as a Result of Aquaculture and Fish Processing Industry by using the Flash Dryer System

WOS: 000442701700006In this study, convertibility of the fish by-products (FBP) emerging after processing the trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), sea bream (Sparus aurata) and European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) produced by aquaculture into a raw material that can be used in fish feed ingredient by means of a system called flash dryer has been researched. Before being subjected to drying and grinding in the flash dryer system, the FBP have been passed through the press and decanter, and it has been endeavored to separate the liquid part to the extent possible and to store them separately. At the end of the study, the fatty acids content in the liquid part, the nutrient content, amino acid and fatty acid profile in the solid part have been analyzed. According to the results obtained, it was observed that the solid part could not be used commercially by substituting the fish meal in a rate of one-to-one, and that it could be included in the formulation as a second class raw material although it is not as valuable as fish meal in terms of amino acid balance.Turkish Scientific and Technological Research CouncilTurkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK) [7100732]This study has been supported by the Turkish Scientific and Technological Research Council with the programme of Industrial Research and Development startup project numbered 7100732. We thank SASU Su Urunleri A.S., Adana-Turkey where the studies were carried out in putting this project proposal into practice

Soybean Meal and Rendered Animal Protein Ingredients Replace Fishmeal in Practical Diets for Sea Bass

A 180-day feeding trial was carried out in net cages to examine replacement of fishmeal with soybean meal supported by meat/bone meal and blood meal in practical diets for sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L. 1758). Triplicate groups of fish (initial body weight 110 g) were fed one of four isonitrogeneus (crude protein 46%) and isolipidic (10%) diets. A commercial sea bass diet containing 64% fishmeal as the sole animal protein served as the control. The other three diets contained 0, 20%, or 35% fishmeal and the reduced fishmeal was replaced by different levels of soybean meal, meat/bone meal, and blood meal. The final body weight of fish fed the diet containing 20% fishmeal, 50% soybean meal, 10% meat/bone meal, and 4% blood meal was significantly higher than that of the other three treatments. Results indicate that fishmeal can be reduced to 20% when soybean meal, meat/bone meal, and blood meal are used together in the diet

Practical Diet Includes Low Fish Meal Protein Is Able To Sustain Growth Performance in Gilthead Sea Bream (Sparus aurata, L.;1758) During the Grow-Out Period

WOS: 000292686100001During 12-week growing trial aimed to evaluate the effects of replacement of fishmeal and fish oil in practical diets for gilthead seabream with a complementary mixture of vegetable proteins (soybean, wheat and corn) and oils (soybean and rapeseed), in terms of growth performance, feed utilization and apparent digestibility of nutrients. Fifteen homogenous groups of 180 sea bream each (mean initial body weight: 190.4 +/- 5.4 g) were stocked in 2000-L tanks and fed one of five experimental pelleted diets formulated to be isonitrogenous, isolipidic and isoenergetic. A control diet (Control) was formulated with practical ingredients to contain 49% protein, 20% fat and 24 kJ/g energy. Two other diets were formulated in order to replace 40 and 60% of fish meal by increasing levels of selected plant-protein (PP) ingredients and fish oil (FO) (PP40FO and PP60FO, respectively). Based on these two last diets, two others were formulated in which fish oil was replaced at a 62.5% level by a mixture of soybean and rapeseed oils (Vegetable Oil-VO) (PP40VO and PP60VO). Growth of gilthead seabream, expressed either as weight gain or daily growth index was not significantly affected by the replacement at either 40 or 60% of fishmeal by plant-protein sources. At 40% fishmeal replacement level, the further replacement of 62.5% of fish oil by vegetable oils had no effect on growth performance. However, the replacement of 60% fishmeal and 62.5% replacement of fish oil caused reduction in weight gain slightly, but essentially a significant decrease in feed efficiency (FE). Growth performance of gilthead seabream during grow-out was sustained by a practical diet formulation containing as little as 12% of fish meal protein

A comparison of rotation and injection production methods for polyethylene brackets of floating net cages

WOS: 000431396400005One of the important components of net cages that have been used for aquaculture activities in marine and freshwater environment, are brackets. Rotation system have been used to produce brackets for a long time; but as plastic process technology has just well developed, using of injection method has become more popular. This study presents a comparasion between both production methods on ingredient utilization, production capacity per hour, energy consumption and production costs in commercial production conditions. According to the results, obtained injection metdod can reduce the number of employee up to fifty percent, instead of using powder LDPE material as an ingredient in the rotation method, injection method can use granule form of LDPE, the number of brackets were produced in a hour can be increased up to 50%. In terms of energy consumption, the injection method can provide up to 80% profit and finally producing brackets with injection method reduce the production costs 9.2