The Effect of Body Mass Index on the KYN/TRP Pathway in the Pathogenesis of Periodontitis

ABSTRACT Purpose: The tryptophan–kynurenine (TRP-KYN) pathway is associated with inflammation and kynurenine pathway (KP) dysregulation is present in overweight and obesity. Meanwhile, obesity and periodontitis are two of the most frequent noncommunicable illnesses, and epidemiological studies show that obesity has a role in the initiation and progression of periodontitis. However, the association between elevated body mass index and KP on periodontal disease etiology is unknown. As a result, our study is aimed to investigate the possible relationship within TRP/KYN ratio and BMI relationship in periodontitis. Materials Method: The study comprised 20 periodontitis patients (P, Generalized Stage III Grade B, n=20) and 20 healthy persons (C, n=20). Clinical parameters (Bleeding index on probing (BOP), clinical attachment loss (CAL) and pocket depth (PD)), and BMI were recorded at the beginning of the study. Salivary and serum KYN/TRP ratios were analyzed by using mass spectrometry–liquid chromatography (LC-MS/MS). Results: Clinical periodontal parameters were statistically significantly higher in P group than in C group (

Impact of Non-Surgical Periodontal Treatment of Generalized Chronic Periodontitis on Quality of Life

Aim: In recent years, after treatments variety of measurement scales are used to record the extent and impact of the treatment on quality of patient’s life. Among these scales, Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-49) and a shorter version of that OHIP-14 are the most comprehensive, accessible and common ones. Our aim was to evaluate the effect of non-surgical periodontal therapy on quality of generalized chronic periodontitis patients’ life by using the Turkish version of the OHIP-14 scale (OHIP-14-TR). Method: 58 patients (37 men and 21 women) diagnosed with generalized chronic periodontitis and requiring non-surgical periodontal therapy were recruited in this study. All patients were asked to fill in a form containing demographic, socio-economic information, reason of dental visit and oral hygiene habits. Clinical periodontal parameters (Plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), probing pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment loss (CAL), and bleeding on probing (BOP)) were recorded at baseline, and one month after treatment. Non-surgical periodontal treatment containing scaling and root planning was performed during one week in two seperate sessions. OHIP-14-TR questionnaires have been filled out before and after treatment. Results: There were significant decreases in all periodontal parameters and OHIP-14-TR one month after non-surgical periodontal treatment (p0.05). Significant positive correlation was found between physical pain, and BOP and PPD. After periodontal treatment, BOP, PPD, and physical pain decreased. Conclusion: According the results of this study, it was revealed that non-surgical periodontal treatment was effective in improving the quality of life of patients

Influence of periodontal inflammation on tryptophan-kynurenine metabolism: A cross-sectional study

Objectives Kynurenine pathway (KP) is the primary way of degrading tryptophan (TRP) and generates several bioactive metabolites (such as kynurenine (KYN), kynurenic acid (KYNA), 3-hydroxykynurenine (3OHKYN)) to regulate biological processes that include host-microbiome signaling and immune cell response. This study is aimed to determine the relationship between periodontal inflammation and tryptophan-kynurenine metabolism and identify their association with periodontal clinical parameters. Materials and methods Saliva and serum samples were collected from 20 stage III, grade B generalized periodontitis patients, and 20 periodontally healthy control individuals. Samples were analyzed for IL-6, KYN, TRP, KYN/TRP ratio, KYNA, 3OHKYN, picolinic acid (PA), and quinolinic acid (QA) by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Clinical periodontal parameters (plaque index (PI), probing pocket depth (PPD), gingival recession (GR), clinical attachment loss (CAL), and bleeding on probing (BOP)) were recorded. Results Clinical parameters were significantly higher in the periodontitis group (p < 0.001). Salivary IL-6, TRP, KYN, KYNA, PA, and QA levels were significantly higher and KYN/TRP ratio was significantly lower in periodontitis group than control group (p < 0.05). Serum KYN, KYN/TRP ratio and PA levels were significantly higher in periodontitis group than control group (p < 0.05). PPD, BOP, PI, and CAL had significantly positive correlations with salivary IL-6, TRP, PA, QA, and serum KYN and significantly negative correlations with salivary KYN/TRP ratio. Conclusions Our results suggest that periodontal inflammation plays a role in local and systemic tryptophan-kynurenine metabolism.Ankara University Department of Periodontology ; Istanbul Medipol University Department of Periodontolog

Salivary and serum oxidative stress biomarkers and advanced glycation end products in periodontitis patients with or without diabetes: A cross-sectional study.

Background: Non-invasive methods for periodontitis diagnosis would be a clinically important tool. This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the association between oxidative stress, glycation, and inflammation markers and periodontal clinical parameters in periodontitis and periodontally healthy patients with type 2 diabetes and corresponding systemically healthy controls. Material and methods: Sixty-seven periodontally healthy (DM-H, n = 32) and periodontitis (DM-P, n = 35) patients with type 2 diabetes, and 54 systemically healthy periodontitis (H-P, n = 26) and periodontally healthy (H-H, n = 28) controls were included. Clinical periodontal parameters, body mass index, fasting glucose, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), along with saliva and serum 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), malondialdehyde (MDA), 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE), advanced glycation end products (AGE), AGE receptor (RAGE) and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) levels were recorded and analyzed. Results: Salivary 8-OHdG levels were significantly higher in periodontitis compared to periodontally healthy patients, regardless of systemic status (P < 0.001). Salivary MDA levels were significantly higher in all disease groups compared to H-H group (P ≤ 0.004). Serum AGE levels were significantly higher in diabetic groups than systemically healthy groups (P < 0.001) and in H-P compared to H-H (P < 0.001). Bleeding on probing (BOP) and clinical attachment level (CAL) strongly correlated with salivary 8-OHdG and serum hsCRP (P < 0.001). In systemically healthy patients, salivary 8-OHdG was the most accurate marker to differentiate periodontitis from controls (AUC = 0.84). In diabetics salivary 4-HNE and RAGE were the most accurate (AUC = 0.85 for both). Conclusion: Salivary 8-OHdG alone or in combination with 4-HNE, AGE and RAGE for diabetics, and salivary 8-OHdG alone or in combination with MDA and hsCRP for systemically healthy persons, could potentially serve as non-invasive screening marker(s) of periodontitis