The responses of single units to simple and complex sounds from the superior olivary complex of the Guinea pig

© 2018 The Author(s). We have recorded the responses of single units in the superior olivary complex (SOC) of the Guinea pig to simple and complex stimuli. We can readily identify the responses of the four principal ascending nuclei as described in other species and we are therefore confident that the Guinea pig is a suitable model for studying this region. We found single units in the medial superior olive that represent both diotic iterated rippled noise and dichotic repetition pitch in their temporal discharge patterns. Our data demonstrate a use of the SOC beyond sound-source localisation

Analyses of prosthetic episodes in trans-tibial amputees

Abstract The prosthetic episodes, i.e. actual processes of provision, identifying number of prostheses, their maintenance, repairs and replacements were analysed for 104 trans-tibial amputees aged 16 and over, over a 10 year period. The purpose of this investigation was to identify how frequently a new prosthesis is actually required for this group of amputees and what are their maintenance requirements. Variations of requirement between the amputee groups of aged 16-60 and over 60 years are also addressed. In the 10 years period of the study the amputees needed an average of 5.04 new prostheses, 6.25 refits, 2.28 major repairs and 17.04 day repairs. The younger amputees, i.e. below the age of 60 years, required significantly more new prostheses (p=0.003), more refit of sockets (p=0.0012) and more day repairs (p=0.01). Traumatic amputees below the age of 60 years needed significantly more day repairs compared to the non-traumatic amputees in the older age group (p=0.003)

Photophysical and structural properties of cyanoruthenate complexes of hexaazatriphenylene.

The tritopic bridging ligand hexaazatriphenylene (HAT) has been used to prepare the mono-, di-, and trinuclear cyanoruthenate complexes [Ru(CN)(4)(HAT)](2-) ([1](2-)), [{Ru(CN)(4)}(2)(mu(2)-HAT)](4-) ([2](4-)), and [{Ru(CN)(4)}(3)(mu(3)-HAT)](6-) ([3](6-)). These complexes are of interest both for their photophysical properties and ability to act as sensitizers, associated with strong MLCT absorptions; and their structural properties, with up to 12 externally directed cyanide ligands at a single "node" for preparation of coordination networks. The complexes are strongly solvatochromic, with broad and intense MLCT absorption manifolds arising from the presence of low-lying pi* orbitals on the HAT ligand, as confirmed by DFT calculations; in aprotic solvents [3](6-) is a panchromatic absorber of visible light. Although nonluminescent in fluid solution, the lowest MLCT excited states have lifetimes in D(2)O of tens of nanoseconds and could be detected by time-resolved IR spectrosocopy. For dinuclear [2](4-) and trinuclear [3](6-) the TRIR spectra are indicative of asymmetric MLCT excited states containing distinct Ru(III) and Ru(II) centers on the IR time scale. The complexes show red (3)MLCT luminescence as solids and in EtOH/MeOH glass at 77 K. Ln(III) salts of [1](2-), [2](4-), and [3](6-) form infinite coordination networks based on Ru-CN-Ln bridges with a range of one-, two-, and three-dimensional polymeric structures. In the Yb(III) and Nd(III) salts of [3](6- )the complex anion forms an 8-connected node. Whereas all of the Gd(III) salts show strong (3)MLCT luminescence in the solid state, the Ru-based emission in the Nd(III) and Yb(III) analogues is substantially quenched by Ru --> Ln photoinduced energy transfer, which results in sensitized near-infrared luminescence from Yb(III) and Nd(III)