La implementación de las Unidades de Desarrollo Infantil en la provincia de Buenos Aires

El presente trabajo tiene por propósito analizar la implementación de las Unidades de Desarrollo Infantil (UDIS) de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, y sus resultados en la comunidad, entendiendo la importancia de las políticas públicas de infancia a aplicar para el cuidado y desarrollo de niños y adolescentes, quienes son el presente y serán el futuro de nuestra Sociedad.Facultad de Ciencias Económica

Treatment with tocilizumab or corticosteroids for COVID-19 patients with hyperinflammatory state: a multicentre cohort study (SAM-COVID-19)

Objectives: The objective of this study was to estimate the association between tocilizumab or corticosteroids and the risk of intubation or death in patients with coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) with a hyperinflammatory state according to clinical and laboratory parameters. Methods: A cohort study was performed in 60 Spanish hospitals including 778 patients with COVID-19 and clinical and laboratory data indicative of a hyperinflammatory state. Treatment was mainly with tocilizumab, an intermediate-high dose of corticosteroids (IHDC), a pulse dose of corticosteroids (PDC), combination therapy, or no treatment. Primary outcome was intubation or death; follow-up was 21 days. Propensity score-adjusted estimations using Cox regression (logistic regression if needed) were calculated. Propensity scores were used as confounders, matching variables and for the inverse probability of treatment weights (IPTWs). Results: In all, 88, 117, 78 and 151 patients treated with tocilizumab, IHDC, PDC, and combination therapy, respectively, were compared with 344 untreated patients. The primary endpoint occurred in 10 (11.4%), 27 (23.1%), 12 (15.4%), 40 (25.6%) and 69 (21.1%), respectively. The IPTW-based hazard ratios (odds ratio for combination therapy) for the primary endpoint were 0.32 (95%CI 0.22-0.47; p < 0.001) for tocilizumab, 0.82 (0.71-1.30; p 0.82) for IHDC, 0.61 (0.43-0.86; p 0.006) for PDC, and 1.17 (0.86-1.58; p 0.30) for combination therapy. Other applications of the propensity score provided similar results, but were not significant for PDC. Tocilizumab was also associated with lower hazard of death alone in IPTW analysis (0.07; 0.02-0.17; p < 0.001). Conclusions: Tocilizumab might be useful in COVID-19 patients with a hyperinflammatory state and should be prioritized for randomized trials in this situatio

Fiscalidad individual

La figura tributaria más importante dentro del ámbito de la fiscalidad individual directa es el Impuesto sobre la Renta de las Personas Físicas. Desde una perspectiva eminentemente práctica, en este manual se analiza fundamentalmente esta figura tributaria. Se explica la normativa fiscal con el apoyo de ejemplos que facilitan la comprensión de conceptos complejos en el ámbito impositivo. Asimismo, en cada capítulo del libro se expone detalladamente la resolución de ejercicios y se proponen otros que hay que resolver para que el lector lleve a cabo un aprendizaje más activo, así como preguntas de tipo test y cuestiones de debate que le ayudarán a profundizar en los conocimientos adquiridos previamente.No data (2013)UE

Fiscalidad empresarial

Los impuestos más importantes en el ámbito de la fiscalidad empresarial en España son el impuesto sobre sociedades y el impuesto sobre el valor añadido. El impuesto sobre el valor añadido recae sobre el consumo, gravando la entrega de bienes y la prestación de servicios, mientras que el impuesto sobre sociedades recae sobre la renta de las personas jurídicas. En este manual se analizan ambos impuestos desde una perspectiva fundamentalmente práctica. Se explica la normativa fiscal aplicable en cada caso con el apoyo de ejemplos que facilitan la comprensión de conceptos complejos en el ámbito impositivo. Por otro lado, el aprendizaje activo del estudiante universitario es uno de los pilares sobre los que se fundamenta el nuevo modelo educativo en el Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior. Así, en cada capítulo del libro se expone detalladamente la resolución de ejercicios y, para que realicen un aprendizaje más participativo, se proponen casos prácticos planteados en la misma línea que los resueltos pero que han de resolver, y preguntas tipo test que les ayudarán a profundizar en los conocimientos adquiridos previamente.No data (2013)UE

Organización y gestión educativa : revista del Forum Europeo de Administradores de la Educación

Resumen basado en el de la publicaciónSe presentan algunas claves para la práctica reflexiva y un cambio de paradigma. Se define la 'Práctica reflexiva' como las propuestas didácticas concretas y fácilmente aplicables en el aula en la que se indica al docente lo que se debe hacer en cada minuto de clase. También se aborda el tema de la gestión de los centros escolares en relación con la 'Práctica reflexiva'. Se ofrece orientación de la formación permanente del profesorado que propone la práctica reflexiva, basada en la experiencia profesional del docente y la mejora de los procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje. Además se aborda la gestión y administración de los centros escolares y los equipos directivos.MadridBiblioteca de Educación del Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte; Calle San Agustín, 5 - 3 planta; 28014 Madrid; Tel. +34917748000; [email protected]

Physicochemical characterization of several peptide constructs related with hepatitis A and B viruses

Interaction studies of three different presentations of a continuous B epitope of Hepatitis A virus linked to a synthetic T epitope related to Hepatitis B virus with monolayers composed of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) have been carried out. Surface activity of the peptides was determined as a function of its bulk concentration in an aqueous solution. The maximum pressure achieved at saturation, the molecular area and the surface excess of the different synthetic peptides were determined. The different physicochemical behaviour of the constructs was dependent on the relative position of the B and T epitopes. The ability to insert into DPPC monolayers showed that the highest interaction with phospholipid monolayers corresponded to the peptide with the T-cell epitope located at the C-terminus.This work was supported by Grants BIO95-0061-CO3-02 and BIO95-0061-CO3-03 from CICYT, Spain. A predoctoral FPI grant (AP-95) awarded to M.J.G. is also acknowledged.Peer reviewe

Differences in secondary structure of HAV-synthetic peptides induced by the sequential order of T- and B-cell epitopes

The present study was undertaken to examine the structural features of two peptide constructs designed on the basis of linear combination of B and T-cell epitopes in different orientations (BT and TB) that may be important to explain the differences in the elicited antihepatitis A virus immune response and in the interaction with biological model membranes. A CD study was carried out and the corresponding quantitative analysis of the experimental data was done using deconvolution computer programs. Moreover, fluorescence experiments were performed to analyze differences in the fluorescence emission spectra of both molecules. The main conformational difference by CD studies was obtained working in aqueous medium. Although the TB sequence adopted a preferably random coil structure, the BT peptide was best fitted with β-type structures. These results are further supported by fluorescence studies. These findings have relevance for the design of synthetic immunopeptides.This work was supported by Grants BIO95-0061-CO3-02 and BIO95-0061-CO3-03 from CICYT, Spain.Peer reviewe

First report on natural infection by Dirofilaria repens in a cat in Spain: case report and literature review of feline subcutaneous dirofilariosis in Europe

Dirofilaria repens is an endemic mosquito-borne pathogen widely spread throughout Europe and other non-Europen regions. Infection by D. repens has been reported in dogs, although little is known about the occurrence and epidemiological features of this nematode in cats. During the surgical procedure within the framework of a trap, neuter and release sterilization program, two female filarial nematodes with spontaneous movement were removed from the internal part of the spermatic cord from asymptomatic stray cat in Spain (Grao de Castellón, Castellon de la Plana, province of Spain). Moreover, the presence of microfilariae was detected by using three different methods, including direct blood smear technique, the microhematocrit tube test, and Knott´s modified test. PCR performed from the nematodes extracted from the spermatic cord and from microfilariae in EDTA-blood sample tested both positive for D. repens. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report that demonstrates the presence of D. repens in cats in Spain. In this sense, a review of the current scientific status of feline subcutaneous dirofilariosis in Europe was also performed. Future investigations should analyze the epidemiological role of cats in D. repens infection including the prevalence of infection. Veterinarians working in endemic areas should be aware of this infection in cats and their susceptibility

The Effects of Vegetarian and Vegan Diet during Pregnancy on the Health of Mothers and Offspring

Vegetarian and vegan diets have increased worldwide in the last decades, according to the knowledge that they might prevent coronary heart disease, cancer, and type 2 diabetes. Althought plant-based diets are at risk of nutritional deficiencies such as proteins, iron, vitamin D, calcium, iodine, omega-3, and vitamin B12, the available evidence shows that well planned vegetarian and vegan diets may be considered safe during pregnancy and lactation, but they require a strong awareness for a balanced intake of key nutrients. A review of the scientific literature in this field was performed, focusing specifically on observational studies in humans, in order to investigate protective effects elicited by maternal diets enriched in plant-derived foods and possible unfavorable outcomes related to micronutrients deficiencies and their impact on fetal development. A design of pregestational nutrition intervention is required in order to avoid maternal undernutrition and consequent impaired fetal growth

Epidemiology of infections by HIV, Syphilis, Gonorrhea and Lymphogranuloma Venereum in Barcelona City: a population-based incidence study.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to determine the evolution of HIV infection, gonorrhea, syphilis and lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV), and their epidemiological characteristics in Barcelona city. METHODS: Population-based incidence study of all newly occurring diagnoses of HIV infection, syphilis, gonorrhea and LGV detected in Barcelona between January 2007 and December 2011. A descriptive analysis was performed. The annual incidence rates per 100,000 inhabitants were calculated by sex, sexual conduct and educational level. To estimate global sex-specific rates we used the Barcelona city census; for the calculation of rates by sexual conduct and educational level we used estimates of the Barcelona Health Interview Survey. Trends were analysed using the chi-squared test for linear trend. RESULTS: HIV. 66.8 % of the HIV cases were men who had sex with men (MSM). The incidence rates in MSM over the study period were from 692.67/100,000 to 909.88/100,000 inh. Syphilis. 74.2 % of the syphilis cases were MSM. The incidence rates in MSM were from 224.9/100,000 to 891.97/100,000 inh. and the MSM with a university education ranged from 196.3/100,000 to 1020.8/100,000. Gonorrhea. 45.5 % of the gonorrhea cases were MSM. The incidence rates in MSM were from 164.24/100,000 to 404.79/100,000 inh. and the MSM with university education ranged from 176.7/100,000 to 530.1/100,000 inh.. Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV). 95.3 % of the LGV cases are MSM. The incidence rates in MSM were from 24.99/100,000 to 282.99/100,000 inh. and the MSM with university education ranged from 9.3/100,000 to 265/100,000 inh. CONCLUSION: An increase in cases of STI was observed. These STI mainly affected MSM with a university education. Continuing to monitor changes in the epidemiology of STI, and identifying the most affected groups should permit redesigning preventive programs, with the goal of finding the most efficient way to reach these population groups