Microwave-assisted green synthesis of Ag nanoparticles using leaves of Melia Dubia (Neem) and its antibacterial activities

The biosynthesis methods of nanosilver are of interest due to its low cost and environmental friendliness compared with chemical and physical methods. This study will conduct a green synthesis of nanosilver by decreasing the AgNO3 using leaf extract with the presence of stabilized microwave irradiation and collagen. Melia dubia leaves, and hydrolyzed fish scale collagen were utilized as reducing and stabilizing agents, respectively. Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized and characterized via Uv-Vis spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope (SEM) that attached with energydispersive X-ray, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and antibacterial activities. Results showed that the spherical shape of AgNPs was formed with particle size ranging from 72 nm and 100 nm. UV–vis analysis revealed that the absorbance peak was observed at 446 nm, which corresponded to AgNPs. XRD analysis confirmed the natural crystalline of AgNPs with a particle size of 84.8 nm. The antimicrobial analysis was conducted using Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli as Gram-positive and -negative bacteria, respectively. Results showed the inhibition zone against both bacteria, which indicated excellent antimicrobial properties of the samples

Synthesis and characterization of fish scales of hydroxyapatite/collagen-silver nanoparticles composites for the applications of bone filler

The most implanted tissue after blood is a bone, which consists of collagen and hydroxyapatite as the major components. Collagen is a nature-based polymer that is available in skin and tendons, whereas hydroxyapatite is a natural ceramic that is available abundantly in teeth. The composites of hydroxyapatite/collagen (HA/Col) have been reported to be the most encouraging bone graft because of the likenesses with the natural bones. Furthermore, the integration of the nano silvers in the composites’ matrix has been predicted to lead to antimicrobial reactions. This study combined the natural fish scales hydroxyapatite (FsHAp), fish scale collagen (FsCol), and nanosilver (Ag) to develop the composites of FsHAp/FsCol/nAg with various ratios of content. FTIR, XRD, EDX, and SEM were employed to identify the chemical structure and morphology of the tested composites. Similar processes were conducted to study the swelling ratio, biostability, and antibacterial features of the composites. The cytotoxicity of the FsHAp/FsCol/AgNPs composites was evaluated using Alamar blue assay. The outcome revealed that 80:20 of the HA/Col composite showed higher stability than other ratio compositions. The morphology of the composites demonstrated a homogeneous surface with nanosilvers scattered evenly in the matrix. Additionally, the activities of the antimicrobial in the composites were found against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). For the cytotoxicity study, the composites showed non-toxic effects on MG-63 human cells at high concentrations

Synthesis, characterisation, cytotoxicity and antibacterial studies of green synthesised silver nanoparticles using leaves of Polyalthia sclerophylla

The study was initiated to prepare silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) by using the green method with the objective to examine the biomedical properties of AgNPs from cytotoxicity and antibacterial properties against MG-63 human cell line and Staphylococcus Aureus (S. aureus) as Gram-positive and Escherichia Coli (E. coli), respectively. The rapid green method was performed by using silver nitrate (AgNO3) and crude extract of leaves of Polyalthia sclerophylla (CEPS) as the initiator and reducer, respectively. Two different concentrations of AgNO3 were used to prepare two AgNPs sizes; the prepared samples were labelled as AgNPs-a and AgNPs-b respectively. AgNPs-a and AgNPs-b were determined for their chemical, physical and biomedical properties by using various characterisation techniques including Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis (EDX) and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (Uv-vis). Other techniques included Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (STEM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The results showed that the wavelength of AgNPs-a was 436 nm, while the AgNPs-b showed 441 nm. Prepared samples were shown spherical in their shapes according to SEM and STEM images. The size of the particles was not the same, whereas, the diameter size range of AgNPs-a was from 48nm to 68 nm, while the AgNPs-b showed a range from 59 nm to 77 nm. Prepared samples showed availability for the MG-63 cells of more than 83 % for all concentrations after 24 hours. It was found that AgNPs had more inhibition for the bacteria growth against both of the bacteria. The study had demonstrated that non-toxic prepared samples have the ability to use as an antibacterial agent, with nano sizes that can be used safely in the medical and biological fields

A review study on synthesis methods of AgNanoparticles, considering antibacterial property and cytotoxicity

Silver nanoparticles (AgNP) have been used in many medical and biological applications due to their unique features and characteristics. One of the most important issues researchers address in nanoscience is finding suitable methods to produce nanoparticles with environmentally friendly and non-toxic properties. The unique chemical, physical and biological properties that AgNP possesses give that impetus to developing their production methods. In recent years, there have been many studies documented for the production of AgNP during the development of green synthesis methods (GSM). The present study describes methods for the GSM of AgNP, their biological properties, and other applications, giving the most appropriate methods to synthesize AgNP.AgNP is one of the essential metallic particles, as they can be manufactured and designed in easy ways, and they are also adjustable because they were used in many fields such as catalysts, ideal biometrics, and photo-controlled delivery Systems. AgNp is beholden as a prospectively for tissue regeneration in bioengineering due to its ability in the delivery system as an ideal gene. The studies examined in the current study demonstrated the ability of AgNP in many medical applications because they possess antibacterial properties, and their toxicity can be reduced according to the recorded reports

Two green synthesis methods to prepared nanoparticles of Ag-two sizes and shapes via using extract of M. dubia leaves

The effect of the synthesis technique on the shape and size of Ag-NPs has been reported. Ag nanoparticles has been produced by using two techniques, green synthesis and microwave-assisted green synthesis methods (MSGS), respectively. The current research was included to use a stabilizer and reducing agents from natural sources to get the non-toxic and environmentally friendly product, via using Melia dubia (neem) (M. dubia) and fish scales collagen (FsCol). The nanoparticles of Ag was portrayed by using Scanning electron microscope (SEM), Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-vis), Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) and X-ray Powder Diffraction (XRD). Two different absorbance peaks were noticed in UV-vis and located at 454 nm silver nanoparticles-1 (AgNPs-1) and 446 nm silver nanoparticles-2 (AgNPs-2). SEM was shown two different shapes rod (AgNPs-1) and spherical (AgNPs-2 shapes. EDX confirmed the presence of Ag as a single element at 3 KeV. FTIR was shown fictional groups that were surrounded by silver nanoparticles C2H2 C=O, N-H groups was an indication. XRD was shown thus that the AgNPs formed in this modern prepared are crystalline with two different sizes 120.20 and 84.30 nm, corresponding to AgNPs-1 and AgNPs-2. The Z-average in DLS for AgNPs-1 has been shown average size at 437.8 nm while AgNPs-2 was shown 121 nm in its size

THE NATURAL AND COMMERCIAL SOURCES OF HYDROXYAPATITE/COLLAGEN COMPOSITES FOR BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS: A REVIEW STUDY

Bone is considered the core unit that forms the human body’s skeleton, consisting primarily of hydroxyapatite (HA) and collagen (Col). The composites of hydroxyapatite/collagen had been prepared through different fabricated techniques and were used in many bone defects as biomaterials for bone tissue engineering. The incorporation of HA and collagen is possible due to the biocompatibility of collagen and the high mechanical properties of the HA. HA/Col composites have been used in many medical and biological fields. Current study have been discussed the synthesis and characterization techniques of HA/Col composites; the study have been included to study the cytotoxicity and cell attachment of the composites, along with their applications, as well as barriers that still remain to their successful development for clinical application

Phytochemical screening and characterization of Meliadubia leaves extract for antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli staphylococcus and aureus

In this study, the leaves of Meliadubia were extracted through the hot-extraction method using distilled water as a solvent. The crude extract of M. dubia was evaluated for their chemical group compounds using phytochemical screening for the chemical group compounds. Meanwhile, Gas chromatography (GC), Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were used to conform to the fictional groups in the leave of M. dubia. Phytochemical screening analysis was done using common procedures and had shown the presence of alkaloids, carbohydrates, tannins, steroids, and flavonoids. Twenty-two compounds were identified in the GC-Mass spectrometry. The highest compounds were Pyridine, 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-3-methyl (17.03%), 1-azabicyclo (3.1.0) hexane (12.16%), and 2-Undecanol (7.63%), while the lowest compounds were Heptafluorobutyric acid, n-tetradecyl ester (0.79%) and 4-Methyl-3-pentenal (0.79%). The EDX analysis presented two elements, which were carbon (53%) and oxygen (46%). The M. dubia band at 1668 cm−1 refers to the amide I C=O stretching, and the peak at 2140 cm−1 is associated to the alkyne group that exists in the phyto-constituents of M. dubia extract. Meanwhile, the peak that was monitored at 3301 cm−1 corresponds to the amide A (N-H). The observed peaks are mainly discovered as flavanoids and terpenoids that exist significantly in the plant extract. The antibacterial activities investigated against gram-negative bacteria, Escherichia coli E.coli) and gram-positive bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). The results had presented the factional activity for M. dubia against both pathogens