Assessment of Labial and Palatal Alveolar Bone Thickness and Height in Maxillary Anterior Teeth in Saudi population Using Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT)

Aims & Objectives: The aim of this study was to measure alveolar bone thickness and height of the labial and palatal surfaces of maxillary anterior teeth in Saudi Population using cone beam computed tomography. Materials and Methods: The thickness and vertical bone height of the labial and palatal alveolar bone of 108 maxillary anterior teeth were measured. Measurements were performed using, Galileos CBCT, for each tooth at three levels cervical, middle and apical. Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis (MANOVA), Spearman’s correlation coefficient and the chi-square test. Results: The labial plate of bone in canine showed the least thickness. Vertical bone loss was severer in the labial surfaces than the palatal surfaces, with a mean of (2.9 ± 0.26 mm.)  for central incisor, while the lateral incisors and canines showed  (3.6 ± 0.32mm.) and (4.3 ± 0.32) bone loss respectively.  Females showed lesser bone thickness in the apical and middle third of the root than males,  while males had thinner alveolar bone than females. Conclusion: Labial bone plate is thinner than palatal plate in all cases investigated, which require ridge augmentation in case of implant placement. Vertical bone loss is dependent on thickness of alveolar bone

Epigenetic Targets and Pathways Linked to SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Pathology

The scale at which the SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 pandemic has spread remains enormous. Provided the genetic makeup of the virus and humans is readily available, the quest for knowing the mechanism and epidemiology continues to prevail across the entire scientific community. Several aspects, including immunology, molecular biology, and host-pathogen interaction, are continuously being dug into for preparing the human race for future pandemics. The exact reasons for vast differences in symptoms, pathophysiological implications of COVID-infections, and mortality differences remain elusive. Hence, researchers are also looking beyond traditional genomics, proteomics, and transcriptomics approach, especially entrusting the environmental regulation of the genetic landscape of COVID–human interactions. In line with these questions lies a critical process called epigenetics. The epigenetic perturbations in both host and parasites are a matter of great interest to unravel the disparities in COVID-19 mortalities and pathology. This review provides a deeper insight into current research on the epigenetic landscape of SARS-CoV-2 infection in humans and potential targets for augmenting the ongoing investigation. It also explores the potential targets, pathways, and networks associated with the epigenetic regulation of processes involved in SARS-CoV-2 pathology

Epigenetic Targets and Pathways Linked to SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Pathology

The scale at which the SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 pandemic has spread remains enormous. Provided the genetic makeup of the virus and humans is readily available, the quest for knowing the mechanism and epidemiology continues to prevail across the entire scientific community. Several aspects, including immunology, molecular biology, and host-pathogen interaction, are continuously being dug into for preparing the human race for future pandemics. The exact reasons for vast differences in symptoms, pathophysiological implications of COVID-infections, and mortality differences remain elusive. Hence, researchers are also looking beyond traditional genomics, proteomics, and transcriptomics approach, especially entrusting the environmental regulation of the genetic landscape of COVID–human interactions. In line with these questions lies a critical process called epigenetics. The epigenetic perturbations in both host and parasites are a matter of great interest to unravel the disparities in COVID-19 mortalities and pathology. This review provides a deeper insight into current research on the epigenetic landscape of SARS-CoV-2 infection in humans and potential targets for augmenting the ongoing investigation. It also explores the potential targets, pathways, and networks associated with the epigenetic regulation of processes involved in SARS-CoV-2 pathology