Enfrentamento de mulheres que vivenciaram o câncer de mama

Objetivo: conhecer as mulheres que recebem o diagnóstico do câncer de mama. Método: Estudo qualitativo que utilizou, como referencial teórico, o Interacionismo Simbólico e como metodológico, a Teoria Fundamentada em Dados. Foram entrevistadas treze mulheres em quimioterapia, de um município mineiro, no mês de janeiro de 2014 e, após a análise, surgiu a teoria “Para vivenciar o câncer de mama é necessário que haja um enfrentamento”. Resultados: a metodologia permitiu a discussão em três categorias para debate da teoria, sendo elas: recebendo a notícia do diagnóstico e da necessidade dos tratamentos; adaptação ao tratamento; experiências anteriores frente à doença. Verificamos que o enfrentamento surgiu, em todas as etapas da doença, como forma de superar os tratamentos e os aspectos sociais que o câncer trás. Conclusão: A teoria construída neste estudo demostra que a mulher que vivencia o câncer de mama utiliza-se de aspectos de resiliência para enfrentar a sociedade, da família para oferecer suporte e de aspectos da experiência de vida. Este estudo contribui para impulsionar mudanças, transformações e inovações, tanto em nível pessoal, como profissional e institucional na assistência a essas mulheres

Enfrentamento de mulheres que vivenciaram o câncer de mama

Objetivo: conhecer as mulheres que recebem o diagnóstico do câncer de mama. Método: Estudo qualitativo que utilizou, como referencial teórico, o Interacionismo Simbólico e como metodológico, a Teoria Fundamentada em Dados. Foram entrevistadas treze mulheres em quimioterapia, de um município mineiro, no mês de janeiro de 2014 e, após a análise, surgiu a teoria “Para vivenciar o câncer de mama é necessário que haja um enfrentamento”. Resultados: a metodologia permitiu a discussão em três categorias para debate da teoria, sendo elas: recebendo a notícia do diagnóstico e da necessidade dos tratamentos; adaptação ao tratamento; experiências anteriores frente à doença. Verificamos que o enfrentamento surgiu, em todas as etapas da doença, como forma de superar os tratamentos e os aspectos sociais que o câncer trás. Conclusão: A teoria construída neste estudo demostra que a mulher que vivencia o câncer de mama utiliza-se de aspectos de resiliência para enfrentar a sociedade, da família para oferecer suporte e de aspectos da experiência de vida. Este estudo contribui para impulsionar mudanças, transformações e inovações, tanto em nível pessoal, como profissional e institucional na assistência a essas mulheres

Mulheres com neoplasia mamária: Perfil sociodemográfico e clínico num núcleo de apoio / Women with breast cancer: Sociodemographic and clinical profile in a support center

Objetivo: Conhecer o perfil sociodemográfico e clínico de mulheres com câncer de mama participantes de um núcleo de apoio. Metodologia: Estudo retrospectivo documental, descritivo e quantitativo. Para a coleta de dados foram utilizadas as informações contidas nos registros do núcleo de apoio e conferidas por meio de entrevista via telefone. Os critérios de inclusão foram: mulheres com idade superior a 18 anos, diagnosticadas com câncer de mama, cadastradas no núcleo que estivessem realizando alguma das modalidades de tratamento da doença (quimioterapia e/ou radioterapia e/ou cirurgia há no máximo dois anos) e que tivessem acesso à tecnologia para ligação telefônica. Como critérios de exclusão: mulheres com deficiência cognitiva, que as impossibilitassem de responder às perguntas da entrevista. A população do estudo foi constituída por 13 mulheres que atenderam aos critérios de inclusão do estudo. A coleta de dados ocorreu no período de 29 de agosto a 12 de novembro de 2020, via aplicativo Cube ACR. Resultados: O perfil das pacientes atendidas nesse núcleo de apoio é de mulheres na faixa etária entre 51 e 60 anos; estado civil de casadas/união estável e divorciadas/separadas e com prole; ensino superior completo; maioria dos nódulos descobertos por elas próprias e tempo de procura por serviço de saúde de um dia; renda familiar mensal entre 1-2 salários mínimos; a cor predominante autodeclarada foi a branca; maioria se declarou católica e todas possuem religião; predominância da localização do nódulo na mama esquerda; tipo de cirurgia prevalente foi a mastectomia tipo Madden com dissecção de linfonodos axilares e comprometimento do braço homolateral; a terapia neoadjuvante foi a modalidade prevalente no tratamento quimioterápico. Elas referiram praticar atividade física antes e depois da doença e possuírem atividades de lazer. Conclusão: Conhecer esses dados é importante para que os profissionais que atuam diretamente na assistência a essas mulheres possam traçar estratégias com vistas a melhorar e qualificar a assistência ofertada. Nesse sentido, recomendam-se mais estudos com a população participante desse núcleo como, por exemplo, tempo e intensidade dos exercícios físicos que elas realizam e a associação e/ou contribuição com a doença de atividades de lazer, sobrepeso/obesidade e se houve algum problema grave (exemplo emocional) antes do período de diagnóstico

MAMMALS IN PORTUGAL : A data set of terrestrial, volant, and marine mammal occurrences in P ortugal

Mammals are threatened worldwide, with 26% of all species being includedin the IUCN threatened categories. This overall pattern is primarily associatedwith habitat loss or degradation, and human persecution for terrestrial mam-mals, and pollution, open net fishing, climate change, and prey depletion formarine mammals. Mammals play a key role in maintaining ecosystems func-tionality and resilience, and therefore information on their distribution is cru-cial to delineate and support conservation actions. MAMMALS INPORTUGAL is a publicly available data set compiling unpublishedgeoreferenced occurrence records of 92 terrestrial, volant, and marine mam-mals in mainland Portugal and archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira thatincludes 105,026 data entries between 1873 and 2021 (72% of the data occur-ring in 2000 and 2021). The methods used to collect the data were: live obser-vations/captures (43%), sign surveys (35%), camera trapping (16%),bioacoustics surveys (4%) and radiotracking, and inquiries that represent lessthan 1% of the records. The data set includes 13 types of records: (1) burrowsjsoil moundsjtunnel, (2) capture, (3) colony, (4) dead animaljhairjskullsjjaws, (5) genetic confirmation, (6) inquiries, (7) observation of live animal (8),observation in shelters, (9) photo trappingjvideo, (10) predators dietjpelletsjpine cones/nuts, (11) scatjtrackjditch, (12) telemetry and (13) vocalizationjecholocation. The spatial uncertainty of most records ranges between 0 and100 m (76%). Rodentia (n=31,573) has the highest number of records followedby Chiroptera (n=18,857), Carnivora (n=18,594), Lagomorpha (n=17,496),Cetartiodactyla (n=11,568) and Eulipotyphla (n=7008). The data setincludes records of species classified by the IUCN as threatened(e.g.,Oryctolagus cuniculus[n=12,159],Monachus monachus[n=1,512],andLynx pardinus[n=197]). We believe that this data set may stimulate thepublication of other European countries data sets that would certainly contrib-ute to ecology and conservation-related research, and therefore assisting onthe development of more accurate and tailored conservation managementstrategies for each species. There are no copyright restrictions; please cite thisdata paper when the data are used in publications.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Local hydrological conditions influence tree diversity and composition across the Amazon basin

Tree diversity and composition in Amazonia are known to be strongly determined by the water supplied by precipitation. Nevertheless, within the same climatic regime, water availability is modulated by local topography and soil characteristics (hereafter referred to as local hydrological conditions), varying from saturated and poorly drained to well-drained and potentially dry areas. While these conditions may be expected to influence species distribution, the impacts of local hydrological conditions on tree diversity and composition remain poorly understood at the whole Amazon basin scale. Using a dataset of 443 1-ha non-flooded forest plots distributed across the basin, we investigate how local hydrological conditions influence 1) tree alpha diversity, 2) the community-weighted wood density mean (CWM-wd) – a proxy for hydraulic resistance and 3) tree species composition. We find that the effect of local hydrological conditions on tree diversity depends on climate, being more evident in wetter forests, where diversity increases towards locations with well-drained soils. CWM-wd increased towards better drained soils in Southern and Western Amazonia. Tree species composition changed along local soil hydrological gradients in Central-Eastern, Western and Southern Amazonia, and those changes were correlated with changes in the mean wood density of plots. Our results suggest that local hydrological gradients filter species, influencing the diversity and composition of Amazonian forests. Overall, this study shows that the effect of local hydrological conditions is pervasive, extending over wide Amazonian regions, and reinforces the importance of accounting for local topography and hydrology to better understand the likely response and resilience of forests to increased frequency of extreme climate events and rising temperatures

Large scale multifactorial likelihood quantitative analysis of BRCA1 and BRCA2 variants: An ENIGMA resource to support clinical variant classification

The multifactorial likelihood analysis method has demonstrated utility for quantitative assessment of variant pathogenicity for multiple cancer syndrome genes. Independent data types currently incorporated in the model for assessing BRCA1 and BRCA2 variants include clinically calibrated prior probability of pathogenicity based on variant location and bioinformatic prediction of variant effect, co-segregation, family cancer history profile, co-occurrence with a pathogenic variant in the same gene, breast tumor pathology, and case-control information. Research and clinical data for multifactorial likelihood analysis were collated for 1,395 BRCA1/2 predominantly intronic and missense variants, enabling classification based on posterior probability of pathogenicity for 734 variants: 447 variants were classified as (likely) benign, and 94 as (likely) pathogenic; and 248 classifications were new or considerably altered relative to ClinVar submissions. Classifications were compared with information not yet included in the likelihood model, and evidence strengths aligned to those recommended for ACMG/AMP classification codes. Altered mRNA splicing or function relative to known nonpathogenic variant controls were moderately to strongly predictive of variant pathogenicity. Variant absence in population datasets provided supporting evidence for variant pathogenicity. These findings have direct relevance for BRCA1 and BRCA2 variant evaluation, and justify the need for gene-specific calibration of evidence types used for variant classification

Estimating the global conservation status of more than 15,000 Amazonian tree species

Estimates of extinction risk for Amazonian plant and animal species are rare and not often incorporated into land-use policy and conservation planning. We overlay spatial distribution models with historical and projected deforestation to show that at least 36% and up to 57% of all Amazonian tree species are likely to qualify as globally threatened under International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List criteria. If confirmed, these results would increase the number of threatened plant species on Earth by 22%. We show that the trends observed in Amazonia apply to trees throughout the tropics, and we predict thatmost of the world’s >40,000 tropical tree species now qualify as globally threatened. A gap analysis suggests that existing Amazonian protected areas and indigenous territories will protect viable populations of most threatened species if these areas suffer no further degradation, highlighting the key roles that protected areas, indigenous peoples, and improved governance can play in preventing large-scale extinctions in the tropics in this century

Geographic patterns of tree dispersal modes in Amazonia and their ecological correlates

Aim: To investigate the geographic patterns and ecological correlates in the geographic distribution of the most common tree dispersal modes in Amazonia (endozoochory, synzoochory, anemochory and hydrochory). We examined if the proportional abundance of these dispersal modes could be explained by the availability of dispersal agents (disperser-availability hypothesis) and/or the availability of resources for constructing zoochorous fruits (resource-availability hypothesis). Time period: Tree-inventory plots established between 1934 and 2019. Major taxa studied: Trees with a diameter at breast height (DBH) ≥ 9.55 cm. Location: Amazonia, here defined as the lowland rain forests of the Amazon River basin and the Guiana Shield. Methods: We assigned dispersal modes to a total of 5433 species and morphospecies within 1877 tree-inventory plots across terra-firme, seasonally flooded, and permanently flooded forests. We investigated geographic patterns in the proportional abundance of dispersal modes. We performed an abundance-weighted mean pairwise distance (MPD) test and fit generalized linear models (GLMs) to explain the geographic distribution of dispersal modes. Results: Anemochory was significantly, positively associated with mean annual wind speed, and hydrochory was significantly higher in flooded forests. Dispersal modes did not consistently show significant associations with the availability of resources for constructing zoochorous fruits. A lower dissimilarity in dispersal modes, resulting from a higher dominance of endozoochory, occurred in terra-firme forests (excluding podzols) compared to flooded forests. Main conclusions: The disperser-availability hypothesis was well supported for abiotic dispersal modes (anemochory and hydrochory). The availability of resources for constructing zoochorous fruits seems an unlikely explanation for the distribution of dispersal modes in Amazonia. The association between frugivores and the proportional abundance of zoochory requires further research, as tree recruitment not only depends on dispersal vectors but also on conditions that favour or limit seedling recruitment across forest types

Geography and ecology shape the phylogenetic composition of Amazonian tree communities

AimAmazonia hosts more tree species from numerous evolutionary lineages, both young and ancient, than any other biogeographic region. Previous studies have shown that tree lineages colonized multiple edaphic environments and dispersed widely across Amazonia, leading to a hypothesis, which we test, that lineages should not be strongly associated with either geographic regions or edaphic forest types.LocationAmazonia.TaxonAngiosperms (Magnoliids; Monocots; Eudicots).MethodsData for the abundance of 5082 tree species in 1989 plots were combined with a mega-phylogeny. We applied evolutionary ordination to assess how phylogenetic composition varies across Amazonia. We used variation partitioning and Moran's eigenvector maps (MEM) to test and quantify the separate and joint contributions of spatial and environmental variables to explain the phylogenetic composition of plots. We tested the indicator value of lineages for geographic regions and edaphic forest types and mapped associations onto the phylogeny.ResultsIn the terra firme and várzea forest types, the phylogenetic composition varies by geographic region, but the igapó and white-sand forest types retain a unique evolutionary signature regardless of region. Overall, we find that soil chemistry, climate and topography explain 24% of the variation in phylogenetic composition, with 79% of that variation being spatially structured (R2 = 19% overall for combined spatial/environmental effects). The phylogenetic composition also shows substantial spatial patterns not related to the environmental variables we quantified (R2 = 28%). A greater number of lineages were significant indicators of geographic regions than forest types.Main ConclusionNumerous tree lineages, including some ancient ones (>66 Ma), show strong associations with geographic regions and edaphic forest types of Amazonia. This shows that specialization in specific edaphic environments has played a long-standing role in the evolutionary assembly of Amazonian forests. Furthermore, many lineages, even those that have dispersed across Amazonia, dominate within a specific region, likely because of phylogenetically conserved niches for environmental conditions that are prevalent within regions