Economic Effects of Oil and Food Price Shocks in Asia and Pacific Countries: An Application of SVAR Model

This study investigates the economic effects of external oil and food price shocks in the context of selected Asia and Pacific countries including Australia, New Zealand, South Korea, Singapore, Hong Kong, Taiwan, India and Thailand. The study is conducted within the framework of SVAR model using quarterly data over the period 1980 to 2010 although start date varies based on availability of data. The study reveals that resource poor countries that specialize in heavy manufacturing industries like Korea and Taiwan are highly affected by international oil price shocks. Oil price shocks negatively affect industrial output growth and exchange rate and positively affect inflation and interest rates. On the other hand, oil poor nations such as Australia and New Zealand with diverse mineral resources other than oil are not affected by oil price shocks. Only exchange rates are affected by oil price shocks in these countries. Furthermore, countries that are oil poor but specialized in international financial services are also not affected by oil price increase. Similarly, developing country Like India with limited reserve of oil is not affected by oil price shock. However, Thailand possessing a number of natural resources other than oil is not accommodative of oil price shocks. Limited impact of food prices can be recorded for India, Korea and Thailand in terms of industrial output, inflation and interest rate. The major impact of food prices is that it helps depreciating real effective exchange rate for almost all countries except Singapore. As a whole, the effects of external oil and food prices depend on the economic characteristics of the countries. The empirical results of this study suggest that oil and food prices should be considered for policy and forecasting purposes especially for Korea, Taiwan and Thailand.oil price, food price, shocks, economic effects, Asia, Pacific, SVAR, Agricultural and Food Policy, Demand and Price Analysis, Livestock Production/Industries,

심한 골흡수가 있는 하악에서 임플란트지지-보철치료에 대한 삼차원 유한요소 분석을 이용한 생체역학적 분석

학위논문(석사)--서울대학교 대학원 :치의학대학원 치의과학과,2019. 8. Kwon, Ho-Beom.1. 목 적 이 연구의 목적은 협측 골흡수가 동반된 하악 부분 무치악 모형에서 협측 캔틸레버가 있는 보철물의 생체역학적 움직임을 평가하고, 여러 보철물 설계 디자인을 비교하는 것이었다. 2. 방 법 환자의 CT 영상을 기반으로 총 3개의 유한요소 모형을 제작하였다. 유한요소 모형은 제2소구치와 제1대구치가 결손된 하악 구치부에 임플란트가 식립되고 제1소구치와 제2대구치가 포함된 모형이었다. 첫 번째 모형(CP2)은 골 양에 기반하여 2개의 임플란트가 식립된 모형이었고 보철물에 협측 캔틸레버가 존재하였다. 두 번째 모형(BP2)은 보철물을 기준으로 식립된 2개의 임플란트가 포함되었다. 세 번째 모형(BP3)은 보철물을 기준으로 식립된 3개의 임플란트가 포함된 모형이었다. 모든 모형에서 466.4N의 전하중이 지대주나사에 가해졌다. 저작력을 가정한 하중이 교합면에 75도로 가해졌다. 피질골, 해면골 및 임플란트 구성요소에서 최대등가응력이 관찰되었다. 3. 결 과 캔틸레버 모형이 다른 디자인 만큼 우수한 응력 분포를 나타내었다. 최대등가응력은 모형 CP2와 모형 BP3에서는 제1소구치 지대주에, 모형 BP2 에서는 대구치지대주에 집중되었다. 피질골에서 최대 등가 응력은 주로 임플란트 경부 주위에 집중되었으며 CP2에서 293 MPa, BP2 에서 348 MPa, 그리고 BP3 에서 791 MPa 이었다. 해면골에서는 CP2를 제외하고 모두 소구치 부위 임플란트의 첨부에 최대등가응력이 집중되었고, CP2에서는 응력이 임플란트 경부 주변에 집중되었다. 해면골에서의 최대등가응력은 CP2 에서 26 MPa, BP2 에서 348 MPa, BP3에서 791 MPa 이었다. 최대등가응력의 최대값은 CP2 와 BP2에서 유의미한 차이가 없었다. 4. 결 론 골흡수가 심한 부분 무치악 하악에서 골의 양을 기반으로 임플란트를 식립했을 때 보철물을 기준으로 식립하는 방법 만큼 좋은 결과를 보여주었다. 캔틸레버 보철물이 있는 모형에서는 보철물에서 가장 큰 최대등가응력이 관찰되었다. 골에서는 캔틸레버 보철물이 있는 모형에서 가장 작은 최대응가응력이 관찰되었다.1. Purpose The purpose of this study was to evaluate the biomechanical behavior of a buccal cantilever and to compare it with other prosthetic designs to determine the best design in terms of stress distribution within the bone of a buccally resorbed partially edentulous mandible. 2. Material and methods Based on patient computed tomography (CT) scan data, three finite element models were created. Each model composed of the severely resorbed mandible, the first premolar, the second molar and the implants that replaced the second premolar and the first molar. The first model had two implants placed based on bone quantity creating a buccal cantilever (CP2). The second model had two prosthetic-driven implants (BP2). The third model had three prosthetic-driven implants (BP3). In all models preload of 466.4 N on the abutment screw was applied. A load simulating chewing cycle was applied at seventy-five degrees to the occlusal surfaces of the prostheses. The maximum load magnitude was 262 N. The maximum von Mises stresses were demonstrated and compared in cortical and cancellous bone as well as the implant components. 3. Results The results showed that the cantilever model exhibited better stress distribution compared to the other models. The overall maximum von Mises stress in each model was concentrated on the premolar abutment for CP2 (1036 MPa), on the molar screw for BP2 (982 MPa) and on the premolar abutment for BP3 (922 MPa). In the cortical bone, the maximum von Mises stress was around the neck of the implants with values as follows: 293 MPa in CP2, 348 MPa in BP2 and 791 MPa in BP3. For the cancellous bone von Mises stress was concentrated at the apex of the premolar implants for BP2 and BP3. For CP2 the maximum von Mises stress was around the implant neck. The recorded values were 26 MPa in CP2, 348 MPa in BP2 and 791 MPa in BP3. Von Mises stress peaks in the implants components did not exhibit significant difference. 4. Conclusion Considering the severely resorbed partially edentulous posterior mandible, placing implants based on the available bone quantity is more desirable than prosthetic-driven implant placement in terms of biomechanical behavior. The cantilever model created the highest maximum von Mises stress among the three models with regard to the prosthesis. However, when considering the bone, the cantilever model recorded the lowest maximum von Mises stress.Ⅰ. INTRODUCTION, page 1 Ⅱ. MATERIAL AND METHODS, page 7 Ⅲ. RESULT, page 11 Ⅳ. DISCUSSION, page 12 V. CONCLUSION, page 18 REFERENCES, page 19 TABLES, page 27 FIGURES, page 30 국문초록, page 40Maste

A Library for Visualizing SHACL over Knowledge Graphs

In a data-driven world, the amount of data currently collected and processed is perhaps the most spectacular result of the digital revolution. And the range of possibilities available has grown and will continue to grow. The Web is full of documents for humans to read, and with Semantic Web, data can also be understood by machines. W3C standardized RDF to represent the Web of data as modeled entities and their relations. Then SHACL came along to present constraints in RDF knowledge graphs, as a network of shapes. SHACL networks are usually presented in textual formats. This thesis focuses on visualizing SHACL networks in a 3D space, while providing many features for the user to manipulate the graph and get the desired information. Thus, SHACLViewer is presented as a framework for SHACL visualization. In addition, an evaluation for the impact of various parameters like network size, topology, and density are studied. During the study, execution times for different functions are computed; they include loading time, expanding the graph, and highlighting a shape. The observed results reveal the characteristics of the SHACL networks that affect the performance and scalability of SHACLViewer

An investigation into the crude oil price pass-through to the macroeconomic activities of Malaysia

This study examines the pass-through of crude oil prices into economic activities of Malaysia including industrial production index (IP), consumer price index (CPI), real effective exchange rate (REER), interest rate (IR) and stock price index (SPI) within the framework of hidden cointegration technique over the quarterly data ranging from 1987 to 2013. The estimated results suggest that positive and negative changes of IP, CPI, REER, IR and SPI do not maintain a long-run association with positive as well as negative changes of real crude oil prices excepting negative changes in IP. Negative changes in IP are found to be cointegrated with the positive changes of crude oil prices. Although Malaysia is considered as one of the net oil exporter country, the higher oil prices still dampen the industrial production in the long run; the findings is consistent with Ali Ahmed and Wadud (2011)

Volatility and spillover effects of oil and food price shocks-application of time series econometrics

The skyrocketing prices of oil and food are matters of great concerns for consumers, producers, national and international bodies. This book addresses this aspect in five independent but related essays. The first two essays model the extent of volatility of oil and food price shocks. Third essay examines the cross country mean and volatility spillover effects of food prices while the fourth essay investigates the spillover effects of oil prices on the food prices of selected Asia and Pacific countries. Finally, the fifth essay assesses the economic impacts of oil and food prices in the context of selected Asia and Pacific countries. Overall, the findings show that both oil and food prices have persistence effects on the volatility while the evidence of asymmetry is mixed; there is considerable cross country mean and volatility spillover effects of food prices; oil prices positively spillover to food prices and the impacts of oil and food prices to macroeconomic variables are dependent on the economic characteristics of individual economies

INFLUENCE OF NEWSPAPER AESTHETICS ON READERSHIP IN NORTH-CENTRAL NIGERIA: A STUDY OF SELECTED NEWSPAPERS

This study examined the influence of newspaper aesthetics on readership in North-Central Nigeria. The thesis is a study of selected newspapers namely: Daily Trust, Leadership, New Telegraph, The Daily Sun and The Guardian newspapers. Survey research method and in-depth interview were adopted as the blueprint for eliciting information from the respondents, using questionnaire and in-depth interview guide as instruments. The population of the study was drawn from all the six States in North – Central Nigeria. The population comprised people who buy and read newspapers (that is, the readers) and people who use aesthetic elements (that is the graphic editors). A sample size of 400 respondents was statistically determined for the study using Taro Yamane’s formula for finite population. The data were presented, using simple percentages in tables for clearer understanding. Formulated hypothesis was tested, using Parsons’ Product Moment Correlation. The study found that various aesthetic elements attract readers to a particular newspaper. These elements include news content, good design and layout, bold font size and the use of photographs and illustrations attract readers. Additionally, the study found that by typefaces and type sizes, use of colour, tint and reserve block, good design, layout of text, pictures and illustrations, headlines, white space, boxes and borders used in newspaper design attract readers to a paper. The study also revealed that, aesthetics make the readers buy and read newspaper without minding the cost; they buy it always and read all the pages, and keep the paper in their library. This was affirmed by 71% of the respondents. The study showed that readers are satisfied with the arrangement of the newspaper they read. Additional finding shows that aesthetics allow for easy reading of the newspaper easy and faster reading, encourage more readership, presents fewer obstacles to reading and aid in understanding of the message.Hypothesis tested showed that there is significant relationship between newspaper aesthetics and readership in North-Central, r = .732, P<.01. The study concludes that aesthetic elements are very vital for the survival of conventional newspapers since readers are attracted to them. The study, among other points, recommends that editors and publishers should employ high quality production made available by technological revolution to attract readers to the paper

Public Sector Organizational Culture: Experience from Frontline Bureaucracies

This chapter discusses the practice of organizational culture by the frontline bureaucrats in Bangladesh. Culture scholars argue that organizational culture—commonly defined as the beliefs, values, attitudes, and practices of the members of an organization—is a powerful force in determining the health and well-being of an organization. Scholars also suggest the existence of different dimensions of organizational culture. Although they do not agree in naming these dimensions, commonalities are found in their understanding. How organizational culture is practiced by the frontline bureaucrats in Bangladesh has not been studied much. A study was designed to know how the frontline public bureaucrats practice organizational culture and how they differ in their practices along their service lines. Four dimensions of organizational culture—power distance, uncertainty avoidance tendency, participation, and team orientation—were considered. The chosen culture dimensions impact the overall management of any public sector organization. Three hundred and twenty-six frontline public bureaucrats were studied using a survey questionnaire. Both descriptive and inferential statistics have been used for analyzing the collected data. Findings from independent samples t-tests revealed that the frontline bureaucrats significantly differ along their service lines in practicing the culture dimensions