Aviation Accidents: CRM to Maintaining the Share of Airlines Case Study on accidents Airlines in China

We present Aviation Cost Risk management (CRM) methodology designed for Airlines Company, who needs to run projects beyond their normal. These airlines are critical to the survival of these organizations, such as the development and performance. The Aviation crisis can have considerable impact upon the value of the firm. Risk managers must focus special attention to their prevention and risk neutralization. Recently, demonstrated that large losses can have a very negative impact on shareholder wealth in an efficient stock market. This crisis shows that on the day that a loss occurred, returns of a negative.The goal of cost risk management (CRM) is to maximize shareholder wealth and protected airlines company, since it has been recently demonstrated that shareholder wealth can be negatively impacted by losses, risk management must be viewed in its relationship to the overall wealth of the company. The loss exposures become a critical financial management function, mostly in firms with considerable exposures to such losses. Keywords: Aviation risk management, Aviation insurance Accident, fluctuation shareholder

Study on Financial Hedging; of Airlines by (CRM) Case Study on Four Airlines Chinese listed

We test the stock market reaction to airline by financial risk management instrument in the Shanghai Stock Exchange for airlines listed. Finance theories suggest that firm's aircraft benefit from hedging due to the reduction of cost and risk and enhance performance return, the mitigation of crisis problems, and the alleviation of information adverse this investigates an important contemporary issue relating to the involvement of hedge cost and fuel in the stock market. We find evidence appropriate with the equity of the hedge fund company and shareholders. the hedging leads to a drop in the cost of by reducing risk and the level of information asymmetry. However, we find evidence to support that hedging reduces the cost of by mitigating agency conflicts. Finally, hedging mitigates the negative effect of a boost in the cost shareholders and firm value; therefore things that hedging promotes firm investment in the airlines company and add value. Keywords: Hedging Airline, CRM use hedge, Tree hedg

Revisiting the small-world phenomenon: efficiency variation and classification of small-world networks

Research has explored how embeddedness in small-world networks influences individual and firm outcomes. We show that there remains significant heterogeneity among networks classified as small-world networks. We develop measures of the efficiency of a network, which allow us to refine predictions associated with small-world networks. A network is classified as a small-world network if it exhibits a distance between nodes that is comparable to the distance found in random networks of similar sizes—with ties randomly allocated among nodes—in addition to containing dense clusters. To assess how efficient a network is, there are two questions worth asking: (i) ‘what is a compelling random network for baseline levels of distance and clustering?’ and (ii) ‘how proximal should an observed value be to the baseline to be deemed comparable?’. Our framework tests properties of networks, using simulation, to further classify small-world networks according to their efficiency. Our results suggest that small-world networks exhibit significant variation in efficiency. We explore implications for the field of management and organization

Effect of Gold Nanoparticles Size on Light Scattering for Thin Films Amorphous-Silicon Cells

Cataloged from PDF version of article.In this work, the effect of gold (Au) nanoparticles on the performance of a-Si:H solar cells is investigated experimentally. The solar cell stack is grown on a highly doped p-type Si wafer and consists of 20nm heavily doped p-type a-Si, 500nm undoped a-Si, 20nm heavily doped n-type a-Si and finally 80nm Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) on the top. Au nanoparticles of 10, 20, 50, 80, 100, 200 and 400nm are spin coated on top of the ITO before metallization. The plasmonic effect of the Au nanoparticles allows for additional scattering at the surface thus reducing the overall reflectivity. The larger the nanoparticle size the more scattering is obtained and the median reflectivity drops from about 23% to 18%. The results show an increase in the short-circuit current density (Jsc) and efficiency with increasing nanoparticle size. The Jsc increases from 9.34 to 10.1mA/cm2. In addition, the efficiency increases from 4.28% to 5.01%. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd

Hedge Accounting as a Strategic Tool inFinancial Risk Management: A Review

This paper examines the financial risks faced by businesses by determining the meaning of risk and types, and investigates the management of financial risk in the light of hedge accounting techniques. Thus, this paper investigates hedge accounting and its role in the protection from and hedging of risks to which businesses are exposed. This necessitates a departure from today’s largely transactions-based model, which generally does not measure assets or liabilities at fair value and recognizes the effects of price changes only on disposition or settlement. The paper examines how the use of hedge accounting can help to achieve efficient management of financial risk in businesses. The paper attempts to answer four research questions: 1. What is the structure of enterprise risk types and purposes? 2. How does one choose the appropriate strategy for the management of financial risk? 3. Why hedge? 4. What is the objective of focusing on the operations of hedge accounting? The primary findings are that the use of hedge derivative instruments can have significant effects on other corporate decisions, such as the level and maturity of debt, dividend policy, holdings of liquid assets, and the extent to which hedging is utilized. Finally, the hedge accounting strategy should be designed to balance the economic effectiveness of the hedge with the cost of the hedge. Keywords:risk management, enterprise risks, financial instruments, hedge accountin

The Impact of Managers Efficiency on Quality of Strategic Decision-making under Crisis Management: An Empirical Study on Private Hospitals in Baghdad-Iraq

Managers have essential role in considering the foundation in organization, to avoid risks and crises, their efficiency and ability to minimize risks if it should occur, also they should make the right decision at crisis management, at a high qualities as a results of good experienced, education, skills, and best practice. The main objective of this study is to explore the impact of managers’ efficiency on quality of strategic decision-making directly and indirectly through crisis management in private hospitals in Baghdad/ Iraq, the study population was private hospitals in Baghdad/ Iraq, and a sample was chosen randomly which consists of (100) managers (administrative and physicians), and a questionnaire was designed consisting of (44) phrases to gather the primary data from the study sample. Data were analyzed using relevant statistical methods like regression analysis and path analysis. The study came to show a high level of importance for all study variables, and showed there is a significant positive direct impact of managers’ efficiency on quality of strategic decision making also there is indirect impact (through crisis management), beside there is a significant positive direct impact of managers efficiency on crisis management rather than a significant impact of crisis management on quality of strategic decision making, in private hospitals in Baghdad/ Iraq. Key words: Decision-making, Quality of Strategic Decision-making, Crisis Management, Efficiency.

Association of Oral Contraceptives use with Breast Cancer and Hormone Receptor Status in Iraqi Women

BACKGROUND: Worldwide, there is a significant concern regarding the association of breast cancer risk and oral contraceptives use. Differences in demographical and pathological breast cancer characteristics in Iraqi patients have been reported compared to other western countries; however, studies addressing the risk of breast cancer among oral contraceptive users in Iraq and subsequent correlation with hormonal receptor status are lacking. AIM: The aim of the study was to evaluate association of breast cancer risk and oral contraceptives use in patients visiting tertiary oncology center and to correlate hormone receptor status with history of oral contraception use in breast cancer patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Two hundred women with breast cancer were compared regarding patterns of oral contraceptives use with 300 age-matched healthy female controls by personal interview and questionnaire. Patient’s records were reviewed for hormone receptor status. RESULTS: A significantly higher proportion (49%) of women with breast cancer reported a positive history of combined oral contraceptives use as compared with (35.7%) healthy controls. Ever oral contraceptives users had a significantly increased risk of breast cancer (odds ratio [OR] = 1.73; 95%, confidence interval = 1.2–2.5, p = 0.003), with the highest risk was seen in early use before the age of 20 (OR = 6.62, p = 0.02); whereas increased duration of use did not significantly increase the risk of breast cancer. There was no significant association between estrogen and progesterone receptors expression profile in breast cancer patients and combined oral contraceptive use. CONCLUSION: In Iraqi women, the risk of breast cancer increases with oral contraceptives intake particularly when starts early before the age of 20 years. The hormonal receptor status of breast cancer patients is not significantly affected by combined oral contraceptives use

Improved efficiency of thin film a-Si:H solar cells with Au nanoparticles

In this work, the effect of Au nanoparticles on the performance of a-Si:H solar cells is investigated experimentally. Au nanoparticles of 10, 20, 50, 80, 100, 200 and 400 nm are spin coated on ITO before metallization. The results show an increase in the Jsc and efficiency with increasing nanoparticle size. The Jsc increases from 9.34 mA/cm2 to 10.1 mA/cm2. In addition, the efficiency increases from 4.28% to 5.01%. © 2013 IEEE

Reducing Interanalyst Variability in Photovoltaic Degradation Rate Assessments

The economic return on investment of a commercial photovoltaic system depends greatly on its performance over the long term and, hence, its degradation rate. Many methods have been proposed for assessing system degradation rates from outdoor performance data. However, comparing reported values from one analyst and research group to another requires a common baseline of performance; consistency between methods and analysts can be a challenge. An interlaboratory study was conducted involving different volunteer analysts reporting on the same photovoltaic performance data using different methodologies. Initial variability of the reported degradation rates was so high that analysts could not come to a consensus whether a system degraded or not. More consistent values are received when written guidance is provided to each analyst. Further improvements in analyst variance was accomplished by using the free open-source software RdTools, allowing a reduction in variance between analysts by more than two orders of magnitude over the first round, where multiple analysis methods are allowed. This article highlights many pitfalls in conducting 'routine' degradation analysis, and it addresses some of the factors that must be considered when comparing degradation results reported by different analysts or methods

Overdesign of Villa Structures in Oman

Residential projects represent the largest section of the construction industry in Oman. It is widely claimed that designers in Oman tend to unnecessarily overdesign structures, thereby aggravating construction costs. The aim of this research was to investigate the existence and extent of structural overdesign through the investigation of 31 villas which were approved by Muscat Municipality between 2000–2010. The specified villas were structurally redesigned based on the British Code of Practice using the same geometry and material strengths recorded in the drawings. The required reinforcement resulting from the redesign work was compared with the provided reinforcement as per the drawings. The results showed clear cases of extra reinforcement in almost all villas. The difference between required and provided reinforcements in the villas ranged from 2.3– 104.8%, with an average of 48.5% and a standard deviation of 24.0. The required and provided weights of reinforcement per square meter of the built-up area ranged from 25.7–71 and 40.9–87.9 kg/m2, respectively. The largest differences between the required and provided reinforcement were in the slabs, followed by the footings. A field survey of consultants and municipality engineers indicated that the most notable reasons for overdesign are the absence of authorized agents specialized in reviewing structural design, a lack of an engineering licensing system in Oman, and the phenomenon of experienced engineers leaving design offices for better paying jobs elsewhere. Finally, the cost implication of overdesign is minor compared to the overall cost of building