Fear of missing out (FoMO) among social media users: a systematic literature review, synthesis and framework for future research

Purpose – Research examining the “fear of missing out” (FoMO) is increasingly prominent, with a growing number of studies exploring this phenomenon. Despite the increased academic interest, no attempts have been made to synthesize extant knowledge on FoMO. There is limited holistic understanding of its conceptualization and operationalization. To address this gap, an exhaustive systematic literature review (SLR) on FoMO is presented. Design/methodology/approach – Systematic review protocols and content analysis was used to analyze and synthesize insights from 58 empirical studies obtained from four academic databases: Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed and PsycINFO. Findings – Significant diversity in prior research on FoMO was encapsulated in four themes. There are significant limitations in conceptualization of FoMO, along with narrow focus on geographic, methodological and contextual foci of prior studies. The authors propose a comprehensive framework and extensive gap-specific research directions to aid future research. Research limitations/implications – The SLR is limited in its consideration of empirical studies published in academic journal articles obtained from four databases. Social implications – The authors imply the critical need to ascertain motives for individuals’ excessive engagement with social media and the subsequent impact on well-being indicators (e.g. sleep quality) and functional impairments (e.g. addiction).publishedVersio

Epidemiology and patterns of the hand and distal forearm fractures at King Abdul-Aziz Medical City, Riyadh, KSA

AbstractObjectivesThe hand is the most commonly fractured site in the body, as it represents 17–25% of all body fractures. The metacarpal bone of the small finger is the most commonly fractured hand bone. This study aimed to determine the epidemiology and frequency of various fractures of the hand and the distal forearm in adults with a view to identifying patients who required surgical treatment.MethodsThis retrospective review examined the medical records of all hand and distal forearm X-rays performed on adult patients who presented to the emergency room of King Abdul-Aziz Medical City from January 2010 to December 2011.ResultsIn this study, we reviewed 2993 X-rays of the hand and the distal forearm. One-third of these X-rays confirmed fractures (n = 948), and more than two-thirds of these fractures were recorded in male patients (n = 702). There was no major difference in the distribution of fractures between the left and right hand. Half of these fractures (n = 472) were found in the young age group (18–30 years). The study showed that the phalanges had the highest proportion of fractures (n = 362, 40%). Distal forearm fractures represented one-third of all registered fractures (n = 287). Almost half of the metacarpal fractures were found in the 5th metacarpal (n = 104), confirming that the 5th metacarpal bone is the most commonly fractured bone in the hand. One-fifth of all fractures were surgically managed (n = 190, 20%).ConclusionOne-third of the reviewed X-rays identified hand and distal forearm fractures. Both hands were affected equally. Patients in the young age group are more prone to have fractures, and phalanges had the highest proportion of fractures followed by the distal forearm

Sub kGy photon irradiation alterations in graphite

Present work concerns polymer pencil-lead graphite (PPLG) and the potential use of these in elucidating irradiation-driven structural alterations. The study provides detailed analysis of radiation-induced structural interaction changes and the associated luminescence that originates from the energy absorption. Thermally stimulated emission from the different occupied defect energy levels reflects the received radiation dose, different for the different diameter PPLGs. The PPLG samples have been exposed to photon irradiation, specifically x-ray doses ranging from 1 to 10 Gy, extended to 30–200 Gy through use of a60Co gamma-ray source. Trapping parameters such as order of kinetics, activation energy and frequency factor are estimated using Chen's peak-shape method for a fixed-dose of 30 Gy. X-ray diffractometry was used to characterize the crystal structure of the PPLG, the aim being to identify the degree of structural order, atomic spacing and lattice constants of the various irradiated PPLG samples. The mean atomic spacing and degree of structural order for the different diameter PPLG are found to be 0.3332 nm and 26.6° respectively. Photoluminescence spectra from PPLG arising from diode laser excitation at 532 nm consist of two adjacent peaks, 602 nm (absorption) and 1074 nm (emission), with mean energy band gap values within the range 1.113–1.133 eV

Tailored Ge-doped fibres for passive electron radiotherapy dosimetry

Study has been made of the thermoluminescence yield of various novel tailor-made silica fibres, 6 and 8 mol % Ge-doped, with four differing outer dimensions, comprised of flat and cylindrical shapes, subjected to electron irradiation. Main thermoluminescence dosimetric characteristics have been investigated, including the glow curve, dose response, energy dependence, minimum detectable dose, effective atomic number, linearity of index and sensitivity of the fibres. The studies have also established the uncertainties involved as well as the stability of response in terms of fading effect, reproducibility and annealing. In addition, dose-rate dependence was accounted for as this has the potential to be a significant factor in radiotherapy applications. The 6 and 8 mol % fibres have been found to provide highly linear dose response within the range 1 to 4 Gy, the smallest size flat fibre, 6 mol% Ge-doped, showing the greatest response by a factor of 1.1 with respect to the highly popular LiF phosphor-based medium TLD100. All of the fibres also showed excellent reproducibility with a standard deviation of < 2% and < 4% for 6 and 8 mol % Ge-doped fibres respectively. For fading evaluation, the smallest 6 mol% Ge-doped dimension flat fibre, i.e., 85 × 270 μm displayed the lowest signal loss within 120 days post-irradiation, at around 26.9% also showing a response superior to that of all of the other fibres. Moreover, all the fibres and TLD-100 chips showed independence with respect to electron irradiation energy and dose-rate. Compared with the 8 mol% Ge-doped optical fibres, the 6 mol% Ge-doped flat optical fibres have been demonstrated to possess more desirable performance features for passive dosimetry, serving as a suitable alternative to TLD-100 for medical irradiation treatment applications

The potential use of car windscreens for post-accident dose reconstruction in the periphery of nuclear installations

Cars of a variety of brands are usually parked at a fixed but increasing distance in the periphery of nuclear installations. Herein we focus on the potential use of car windscreens for post‐accident dose reconstruction from unplanned nuclear events and natural disasters, also in regard to unexpected events arising during large‐scale use of radioactive and nuclear materials. The situation requires identification of analytical techniques that could both readily and reliably be used to assess absorbed dose, sufficient to prompt remedial action where necessary. Samples from three widely used car brands—Honda, Toyota and Proton—are studied in respect of their thermoluminescence (TL) yield. Key TL dosimetric features in the gamma‐ray dose range of 1–100 Gy are examined. An ERESCO model 200 MF4‐RW X‐ray machine has also been used for energy response studies; a Harshaw 3500 TLD reader equipped with WinREMS software was used for the luminescence measurements. All brands exhibit linearity of TL yield versus dose, the samples from Honda showing the greatest response followed by that of the Toyota and Proton brands. The marked energy dependence reflects the effect of the strongly Z‐dependent photoelectric effect. Signal fading was investigated over a period of 28 days, the Toyota and Proton brand windshield glass showing a relatively low loss at 52.1% and 52.6% respectively compared to a 56.7% loss for that of the Honda samples. This work forms the first such demonstration of the potential of car windshield glass as a retrospective accident dosimeter

Natural dead sea salt and retrospective dosimetry

Accidents resulting in widespread dispersal of radioactive materials have given rise to a need for materials that are convenient in allowing individual dose assessment. The present study examines natural Dead Sea salt adopted as a model thermoluminescence dosimetry system. Samples were prepared in two different forms, loose-raw and loose-ground, subsequently exposed to 60Co gamma-rays, delivering doses in the range 2–10 Gy. Key thermoluminescence (TL) properties were examined, including glow curves, dose response, sensitivity, reproducibility and fading. Glow curves shapes were found to be independent of given dose, prominent TL peaks for the raw and ground samples appearing in the temperature ranges 361–385 ºC and 366–401 ºC, respectively. The deconvolution of glow curves has been undertaken using GlowFit, resulting in ten overlapping first-order kinetic glow peaks. For both sample forms, the integrated TL yield displays linearity of response with dose, the loose-raw salt showing some 2.5 × the sensitivity of the ground salt. The samples showed similar degrees of fading, with respective residual signals 28 days post-irradiation of 66% and 62% for the ground and raw forms respectively; conversely, confronted by light-induced fading the respective signal losses were 62% and 80%. The effective atomic number of the Dead Sea salt of 16.3 is comparable to that of TLD-200 (Zeff 16.3), suitable as an environmental radiation monitor in accident situations but requiring careful calibration in the reconstruction of soft tissue dose (soft tissue Zeff 7.2). Sample luminescence studies were carried out via Raman and Photoluminescence spectroscopy as well as X-ray diffraction, ionizing radiation dependent variation in lattice structure being found to influence TL response

Recent advances in silica glass optical fiber for dosimetry applications

In this paper, we review the highly promising silica glass, fabricated as doped and undoped optical fiber for intended use in radiation dosimetry. The dosimetry techniques reviewed here, underpinned by intrinsic and extrinsic defects in silica glass, focus on Thermoluminescence (TL), Optically Stimulated Luminescence (OSL) and Radioluminescence (RL), with occasional references to the much more established Radiation Induced Attenuation (RIA). The other focus in this review is on the various materials that have been reported earlier as dopants and modifiers used in silica glass optical fiber radiation dosimeters. This article also elaborates on recently reported optical fiber structures, namely, cylindrical fibers, photonic crystal fibers and flat fibers, as well as dimensions and shapes used for optimization of dosimeter performance. The various types of optical fiber radiation dosimeters are subsequently reviewed for various applications ranging from medical dosimetry such as in external beam radiotherapy, brachytherapy and diagnostic imaging, as well as in industrial processing and space dosimetry covering a dynamic dose range from μGy to kGy. Investigated dosimetric characteristics include reproducibility, fading, dose response, reciprocity between luminescence yield to dose-rate and energy dependence. The review is completed by a brief discussion on limitations and future developments in optical fiber radiation dosimetry

The objective and subjective approach to happiness and well-being and its relationship to macroeconomics in some MENA (Middle East and North Africa) countries

This research used psychological well-being data on thousands of people across several countries in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) between the period of 2000 and 2013. It begins with data on the reported well-being levels of thousands of individuals in MENA and relates these data to the macroeconomic variables in each country. The macroeconomics variables to be analysed are the unemployment rate, GDP per capita and the inflation rate. With regards to the reported well-being levels, a random sample of people who live in some selected MENA countries were interviewed each year by the World Value Survey (WVS) and are asked many self-reported questions. Two kinds of questions are used in this thesis. The first is 'all things considered, how satisfied are you weuth your life as a whole?' where answers ranked from 1 being dissatisfied till 10 being satisfied. The second question is 'Taking all things together, would you say you are 1-not at all happy, 2-not very happy, 3-quite happy or 4-very happy'. Ordered probit equations are estimated in an attempt to relate the macroeconomics conditions with individual's happiness or satisfaction by measuring the real cost of unemployment on the population and measuring the effects of GDP changes in a country on the people living in that country. A further analysis to estimate the objective well-being situation in MENA countries and compare it or supplement it to the subjective happiness approach. Building on Sen's capability approach and taking into account factors such as life expectancy, inequality and corruption levels with the individual's happiness from self-reported surveys for the same set of countries in MENA. Two independent variables are the equality opinion question and the financial satisfaction question from the WVS. The first question is: 'Incomes should be made more equal?', where 1 means you agree completely and 10 means you don't. The other question is: 'How satisfied are you with the financial situation of your household?', where '1' means you are completely dissatisfied on this scale, and '10' means you are completely satisfied. The main goal of this thesis is to arrive with a quality of life assessment of the situation in the MENA region by combining a subjective approach presented by self-reported surveys with an objective approach that includes many social indicators

34. Cardiovascular complications among individuals with amphetamine-positive urine drug screening in King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh

Amphetamine is the most commonly used illicit drug in Saudi Arabia (SA). Frequency and outcome of Amphetamine-related cardiovascular (CV) complications in Saudi Arabia have not been previously studied. Aim: To determine the epidemiological aspects and clinical outcomes of the cardiovascular complications among individuals with Amphetamine-Positive Urine Drug Screening (APUDS) who were admitted to a large tertiary care facility in Riyadh, SA. Methods: Retrospective, case-series review of consecutive individuals found to have APUDS and admitted to King Abdul-Aziz Medical City (KAMC) in Riyadh, SA between January 2006 through December 2013 inclusive. Cases with APUDS and concurrent positive cardiac biomarkers and/or admission to a cardiology unit were enrolled in the review. Demographic and clinical data were collected from electronic patient records. All data variables were managed and analyzed by Microsoft-Excel and IBM-SPSS software, version 20. Results: A total of 7450 UDS were performed during the study period, out of which 720 (9.6%) were positive for Amphetamine. Forty-two admissions with APUDS were documented to have CV complications. All cases were males with a mean age of 41 ± 10 years and predominantly Saudis. Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) was the most frequent clinical presentation (n = 31, 73.8%), predominantly of ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) type. Other less frequent complications include myoperecarditis and cardiomyopathy. Coronary procedures were performed in 30 cases. Average hospital stay was 7 days and in-hospital mortality was 7.2%. Conclusions and Recommendations: ACS is the most frequent CV complication in the Amphetamine users. Amphetamine-related CV complications tend to occur at younger age and carry high risk of in-hospital mortality. UDS should be performed routinely for all individuals presenting with acute coronary syndrome or heart failure at young age. Confirmatory test should be routine available as a standard of care

Quality of Work Life of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Technologists: A Cross-Sectional Study

Quality of Work Life is a multi-dimensional discipline that is concerned with the quality of life in the workplace. This study aimed to assess quality of work&ndash;life level and identify the correlation between its dimensions and Job and Career Satisfaction. The study used the 32-item WRQoL-2 tool, a questionnaire consisting of 6 subscales: Job and Career Satisfaction, Control at Work, Home&ndash;Work Interface, General Wellbeing, Stress at Work, and Work Conditions, to assess for these correlations. 57 Magnetic Resonance Imaging Technologists (MRITs) (100%) responded to the questionnaire. The study found a high level of QWL among MRITs (66.2%, 3.31/5). The level of the JCS was high (71.6%, 3.59/5), with significant correlations between JCS and WCS, CAW, HWI, and GWB. An inverse relationship was noted between SAW and JCS. Further research on QWL is advised to diagnose and provide recommendation to resolve issues that may adversely affect the quality of healthcare service provision