Childhood Peer Status and the Clustering of Adverse Living Conditions in Adulthood

Within the context of the school class, children attain a social position in the peer hierarchy to which varying amounts of status are attached. Several studies have shown that children’s peer status is associated with a wide range of social and health-related outcomes. These studies commonly target separate outcomes, paying little attention to the fact that such circumstances are likely to go hand in hand. The overarching aim of the present study was therefore to examine the impact of childhood peer status on the clustering of living conditions in adulthood. Based on a 1953 cohort born in Stockholm, Sweden, multinomial regression analysis demonstrated that children who had lower peer status also had exceedingly high risks of ending up in more problem-burdened clusters as adults. Moreover, these associations remained after adjusting for a variety of family-related circumstances. We conclude that peer status constitutes a central aspect of children’s upbringing with important consequences for subsequent life chances, over and above the influences originating from the family.childhood; peer status; cohort; life course; outcome profiles; living conditions

Stability and bidirectional relationship between physical activity and sedentary behaviours in Brazilian adolescents: Longitudinal findings from a school cohort study.

PURPOSE:We investigated the stability, correlations and bidirectional relationship of light physical activities (PA), moderate and vigorous PA (MVPA), television viewing (TV) and video game/computer use (VG) in Brazilian adolescents. METHODS:Adolescent Nutritional Assessment Longitudinal Study-ELANA is a middle school cohort study conducted in Rio de Janeiro-Brazil in 2010-2012. Self-reported data on PA (International Physical Activity Questionnaire- IPAQ) and screen activities were obtained from 810 adolescents (mean ages of 10.9 years old (SD 0.78) for girls; 11 years old (SD 0.85) for boys) to perform autoregressive cross-lagged structural equation models in two time points for PA and three time points for screen activities. RESULTS:There was no significant stability of light PA and MVPA for boys and girls. Moderate stability of screen activities were found for both genders, with a significant coefficient of TV for boys (T1-T2:0.29; T2-T3:0.27 p<0.001); and VG for boys (T1-T2:0.33; T2-T3:0.35 p<0.001) and girls (T1-T2: 0.26; T2-T3:0.37 p<0.01). Significant lagged effects were obtained only among girls: light PA had effect on VG (-0.10 p<0.01), as well as in the opposite direction of TV on light PA (-0.03 p<0.01) and TV on MVPA (-0.11 p<0.01). CONCLUSION:The light PA, MVPA and screen activities (among girls) did not demonstrate stability over time. A warning scenario was suggested by the stability of high amounts of screen activities among boys over time. Screen activities had bidirectional association with light PA and MVPA among girls over time

Cardiovascular disease in adults with a history of out-of-home care during childhood: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies

Summary Background: While individuals who were separated from their biological family and placed into the care of the state during childhood (out-of-home care) are more prone to developing selected adverse health problems in adulthood, their risk of cardiovascular disease is uncertain. Our aim was to explore this association by pooling published and unpublished results from prospective cohort studies. Methods: We used two approaches to identifying relevant data on childhood care and adult cardiovascular disease (PROSPERO registration CRD42021254665). First, to locate published studies, we searched PubMed (Medline) until November 2023. Second, with the objective of identifying unpublished studies with the potential to address the present research question, we scrutinised retrieved reviews on childhood out-of-home care and other adult health outcomes. Included studies were required to satisfy three criteria: a cohort study in which the assessment of care was made prospectively pre-adulthood (in the avoidance of recall bias); data on an unexposed comparator group were available (for the computation of relative risk); and a diagnosis of adult cardiovascular disease events (coronary heart disease, stroke, or their combination) had been made (as opposed to risk factors only). Collaborating investigators provided study-specific estimates which were aggregated using random-effects meta-analysis. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to assess individual study quality. Findings: Twelve studies (2 published, 10 unpublished) met the inclusion criteria, and investigators from nine provided viable results, including updated analyses of the published studies. Studies comprised 611,601 individuals (301,129 women) from the US, UK, Sweden, Finland, and Australia. Five of the nine studies were judged to be of higher methodological quality. Relative to the unexposed, individuals with a care placement during childhood had a 51% greater risk of cardiovascular disease in adulthood (summary rate ratio after age- and sex-adjustment [95% confidence interval]: 1.51 [1.22, 1.86]; range of study-specific estimates: 1.07 to 2.06; I2 = 69%, p = 0.001). This association was attenuated but persisted after adjustment for socioeconomic status in childhood (8 studies; 1.41 [1.15, 1.72]) and adulthood (9 studies, 1.29 [1.11, 1.51]). Interpretation: Our findings show that individuals with experience of out-of-home care in childhood have a moderately raised risk of cardiovascular disease in adulthood

Cardiovascular Disease in Adults With a History of Out-Of-Home Care During Childhood: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies

Background While individuals who were separated from their biological family and placed into the care of the state during childhood (out-of-home care) are more prone to developing selected adverse health problems in adulthood, their risk of cardiovascular disease is uncertain. Our aim was to explore this association by pooling published and unpublished results from prospective cohort studies. Methods We used two approaches to identifying relevant data on childhood care and adult cardiovascular disease (PROSPERO registration CRD42021254665). First, to locate published studies, we searched PubMed (Medline) until November 2023. Second, with the objective of identifying unpublished studies with the potential to address the present research question, we scrutinised retrieved reviews on childhood out-of-home care and other adult health outcomes. Included studies were required to satisfy three criteria: a cohort study in which the assessment of care was made prospectively pre-adulthood (in the avoidance of recall bias); data on an unexposed comparator group were available (for the computation of relative risk); and a diagnosis of adult cardiovascular disease events (coronary heart disease, stroke, or their combination) had been made (as opposed to risk factors only). Collaborating investigators provided study-specific estimates which were aggregated using random-effects meta-analysis. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to assess individual study quality. Findings Twelve studies (2 published, 10 unpublished) met the inclusion criteria, and investigators from nine provided viable results, including updated analyses of the published studies. Studies comprised 611,601 individuals (301,129 women) from the US, UK, Sweden, Finland, and Australia. Five of the nine studies were judged to be of higher methodological quality. Relative to the unexposed, individuals with a care placement during childhood had a 51% greater risk of cardiovascular disease in adulthood (summary rate ratio after age- and sex-adjustment [95% confidence interval]: 1.51 [1.22, 1.86]; range of study-specific estimates: 1.07 to 2.06; I2 = 69%, p = 0.001). This association was attenuated but persisted after adjustment for socioeconomic status in childhood (8 studies; 1.41 [1.15, 1.72]) and adulthood (9 studies, 1.29 [1.11, 1.51]). Interpretation Our findings show that individuals with experience of out-of-home care in childhood have a moderately raised risk of cardiovascular disease in adulthood. Funding Medical Research Council; National Institute on Aging; Wellcome Trust

Född i Stockholm på femtiotalet

The Stockholm Birth Cohort Study (SBC) was created in 2004/2005 by a probability matching of two anonymized longitudinal datasets; The Stockholm Metropolitan study and The Swedish Work and Mortality Database (WMD). The former involves all children born 1953 that lived in the Stockholm metropolitan area as of November 1, 1963, while the latter comprises data for the period 1980-2009 on all individuals living in Sweden in 1980 or 1990, and born before 1986. The study comprises data from both surveys and public register records. The core of the project consists of three surveys from The Stockholm Metropolitan study; The School Study (1966), The Family Study (1968), and The Culture and Leisure Time Study (1985). There is also a wide range of register data, for instance delivery records, occupational and income data, welfare recipiency data, health records, mortality data, educational data, and dependency and child welfare committee data. The Stockholm Birth Cohort offers unique opportunities for longitudinal research within various fields such as sociology, public health science, and psychology. So far the datasets have resulted in more than 140 publications which have dealt with, among other things, whether and how childhood circumstances affect later social outcomes in adult life. Purpose: To aim is to create a new tool for life-course studies of health outcomes as well as social outcomes for research in fields such as psychology, public health science, and sociology.Studien “Född i Stockholm på femtiotalet” skapades 2004/2005 genom en sannolikhetsmatchning av två anonymiserade statistiska datamaterial; Metropolitprojektet och databasen Hälsa, sjukdom, arbete och inkomst (HSIA). Den förra innefattar alla barn födda 1953 och som bodde i Stockholm 1963, och den senare består av uppgifter för perioden 1980-2009 över alla personer som bodde i Sverige 1980 eller 1990 och som var födda före 1986. Studien består av data från både enkäter och allmänna register. Ryggraden för hela projektet utgörs av tre enkätundersökningar inom ramen för Metropolitprojektet; Skolundersökningen (1966), Familjeundersökningen (1968) och Kultur- och fritidsenkäten (1985). Därtill utgörs innehållet av data från en rad olika register, däribland förlossningsjournaler, inkomster och yrkesuppgifter, socialbidrag, hälsa, dödsorsaker, utbildning och information om familjen från socialregister. "Född i Stockholm på femtiotalet" erbjuder en unik möjlighet att bedriva longitudinell forskning inom flera discipliner såsom sociologi, folkhälsovetenskap och psykologi. Hittills har datamaterialet resulterat i över 140 publikationer, och har till exempel använts för att undersöka bestämmelsefaktorer för barns möjligheter i livet. Syfte: Syftet är att skapa ett nytt redskap för livsförloppsstudier av hälsoutfall och sociala utfall för forskning inom discipliner såsom psykologi, folkhälsovetenskap och sociologi

Född i Stockholm på femtiotalet

The Stockholm Birth Cohort Study (SBC) was created in 2004/2005 by a probability matching of two anonymized longitudinal datasets; The Stockholm Metropolitan study and The Swedish Work and Mortality Database (WMD). The former involves all children born 1953 that lived in the Stockholm metropolitan area as of November 1, 1963, while the latter comprises data for the period 1980-2009 on all individuals living in Sweden in 1980 or 1990, and born before 1986. The study comprises data from both surveys and public register records. The core of the project consists of three surveys from The Stockholm Metropolitan study; The School Study (1966), The Family Study (1968), and The Culture and Leisure Time Study (1985). There is also a wide range of register data, for instance delivery records, occupational and income data, welfare recipiency data, health records, mortality data, educational data, and dependency and child welfare committee data. The Stockholm Birth Cohort offers unique opportunities for longitudinal research within various fields such as sociology, public health science, and psychology. So far the datasets have resulted in more than 140 publications which have dealt with, among other things, whether and how childhood circumstances affect later social outcomes in adult life. Purpose: To aim is to create a new tool for life-course studies of health outcomes as well as social outcomes for research in fields such as psychology, public health science, and sociology.Studien “Född i Stockholm på femtiotalet” skapades 2004/2005 genom en sannolikhetsmatchning av två anonymiserade statistiska datamaterial; Metropolitprojektet och databasen Hälsa, sjukdom, arbete och inkomst (HSIA). Den förra innefattar alla barn födda 1953 och som bodde i Stockholm 1963, och den senare består av uppgifter för perioden 1980-2009 över alla personer som bodde i Sverige 1980 eller 1990 och som var födda före 1986. Studien består av data från både enkäter och allmänna register. Ryggraden för hela projektet utgörs av tre enkätundersökningar inom ramen för Metropolitprojektet; Skolundersökningen (1966), Familjeundersökningen (1968) och Kultur- och fritidsenkäten (1985). Därtill utgörs innehållet av data från en rad olika register, däribland förlossningsjournaler, inkomster och yrkesuppgifter, socialbidrag, hälsa, dödsorsaker, utbildning och information om familjen från socialregister. "Född i Stockholm på femtiotalet" erbjuder en unik möjlighet att bedriva longitudinell forskning inom flera discipliner såsom sociologi, folkhälsovetenskap och psykologi. Hittills har datamaterialet resulterat i över 140 publikationer, och har till exempel använts för att undersöka bestämmelsefaktorer för barns möjligheter i livet. Syfte: Syftet är att skapa ett nytt redskap för livsförloppsstudier av hälsoutfall och sociala utfall för forskning inom discipliner såsom psykologi, folkhälsovetenskap och sociologi

A class of origin : The school class as a social context and health disparities in a life-course perspective

The aim of the present thesis is to examine various aspects of the school-class structure and their links to health in a life-course perspective. The empirical studies are based on two longitudinal data materials of cohorts born in the 1950s, followed up until middle age. In the first study, the overall status distribution in the school class was shown to be associated with both minor psychiatric disorder in childhood and self-rated health in adulthood. Thus, ill-health was more common among individuals who attended school classes less equal in terms of status. The second study demonstrated that it was more common among those who had fewer mutual friendships in the school class to report poorer health as adults. Socioeconomic career emerged as the primary explanation for men while, for women, these findings were largely unaccounted for by any of the included child and adult circumstances. Findings from the third study suggested the child’s status position in the school class, i.e. peer status, to be related to a wide range of health outcomes in adulthood. In particular, lower peer status was linked to an excess risk of mental and behavioural disorders, cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. Childhood social class did not confound these associations to any large extent. The fourth study examined two types of social isolation in the school class: marginalisation (low peer status) and friendlessness. Hospitalisation due to any disease was more common among marginalised children compared to among non-isolates, whereas no corresponding association was found for the friendless. For both types of isolates, the number of hospitalisations was greater than among non-isolated individuals. Of the studied childhood factors, scholastic ability emerged as an important mechanism. In sum, this thesis points to the relevance of the school class for health development across the life course and to the complexity of pathways through which influences of the school class may operate.At the time of the doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 1: Submitted. Paper 2: Accepted

Popular peers and firstborn siblings are better off

‘The apple doesn’t fall far from the tree’ is an idiom that ultimately is reflected in the reproduction of inequality patterns across generations. Representatives of the child’s own generation, such as siblings and peers, may however play a key role by either reinforcing or counteracting this reproduction. Based on a Stockholm cohort now approaching retirement, we explore whether the inheritance of parents’ misfortunes, here reflected through poverty, varies in strength depending on the cohort members’ position in the sibship or peer group.Sociologisk Forsknings digitala arkiv</p