Propuesta de guía para intervención de problemas de salud mental en trabajadores de empresas Salvadoreñas, relacionados a factores psicosociales como la violencia y delincuencia nacional

La salud mental es una parte esencial para la vida, esta ayuda a la adaptación y satisfacción adecuada de todos los procesos del individuo tales como el trabajo; dentro de las empresas lleva a una mayor eficiencia de las obligaciones de los trabajadores, por lo tanto es de vital importancia mantener una salud mental en los niveles adecuados y saber que esto puede interrumpirse por diferentes causa a nivel psicosocial. Debido a esto se realizó un estudio bibliográfico en donde se recopilo información para observar la relación causa/efecto, entre los factores de violencia y delincuencia en el país y los problemas de salud mental en los trabajadores, mediante este estudio se pudo contemplar el contexto psicosocial de El Salvador siendo este uno de los países más violentos no solo de Latinoamérica sino del mundo entero. Lo que demuestra que los trabajadores salvadoreños se encuentran en constantes estados de alerta debido a dichos estresores, llevándolos al padecimiento de problemas de salud mental tales como el manejo inadecuado del estrés y la ansiedad. Esto pone en riesgo no solo al trabajador sino también a la empresa donde estos laboral, llevando a niveles bajos de productividad y utilidades. En conclusión a esto se manifiesta la necesidad constante de una guía que ayude a tratar dichos problemas de salud mental, explicando de forma clara y contundente cada paso a tomar de parte de las empresas salvadoreñas, qué roles deben tomar, quiénes llevarán a cabo el tratamiento adecuado, qué responsabilidades se tomaran dentro de la organización, todo esto dando como resultado la Guía de intervención que se encuentra en el presente trabajo. Abstract Mental health is an essential part of life, this helps adaptation and adequate satisfaction of all processes of the individual such as work, within enterprises leads to greater efficiency of the obligations of employees therefore is vital importance to maintain mental health at the appropriate levels and know that this can be interrupted by different psychosocial causes. Because of this a bibliographic study was made in which the information look at the cause/effect relationship between the factors of violence and crime in the country and mental health of workers, through this study you could see the psychosocial context of El Salvador being one of the most violent countries not only in Latin America but throughout the world. This shows that Salvadoran workers are in constant alert status due to such stressors, leading them suffering from mental health problems such as improper handling of stress and anxiety. This jeopardizes not only the worker but also the company where they work, leading to low productivity and profits. In conclusion to this is the constant need for a guide to help treat these mental health problems, explaining clearly and forcefully each step to take from Salvadorian companies, which roles should take, who take it manifests itself out treatment appropriate, to take responsibilities within the organization, all this resulting in the intervention Guide found in the present work.Monografía presentada para optar al título de Licenciatura en Psicologí

Comparison of enthalpy method and water fraction method to mathematically model water vaporization during RF ablation

[EN] During high-temperature energy-based therapies such as radiofrequency ablation (RFA) the target tissue reaches temperatures around 100ºC, which causes tissue dehydration by water vaporization. In order to be as realistic as possible, RFA theoretical models should include the formulation of these phenomena. There are currently two fixed mesh methods of modeling the electrical and thermal effects produced by water vaporization: the enthalpy method and the water fraction method. Our objective was to compare both methods, especially to assess the thermal and electrical performance in terms of electrical impedance progress during heating, distributions of temperature, and temperature progress at some specific locations. The results showed the performance of both methods to be qualitatively analogous, with similar impedance progress, temperature distributions and temperature progress. They were hence equally able to mimic the thermal and electrical performance in a pulsed protocol, i.e. during the period without applying RF power. The main difference between the methods was the time at which impedance started to rise. All these findings suggest that the two methods offer equivalent results in RFA modeling. However, since the enthalpy method has one less problem to be solved (dynamic volume fraction of liquid water in the tissue) it is less complex, has a lower computational cost and therefore seems to be more suitable for modeling RFA with dry or internally cooled electrodes, i.e. those in which there is no interstitial saline infusion. However, the water fraction method would be more appropriate in the case of RFA with externally irrigated electrodes.This work received financial support from the Spanish “Plan Nacional de I+D+I del Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación” Grant No. TEC2011-27133-C02-01.Fatieieva, Y.; Almendárez, P.; Romero-Méndez, R.; Berjano, E.; Trujillo Guillen, M. (2014). Comparison of enthalpy method and water fraction method to mathematically model water vaporization during RF ablation. Journal of Advances in Biomedical Engineering and Technology. 1(1):8-14. https://doi.org/10.15379/2409-3394.2014.01.01.2S8141

Microencapsulation, Chemical Characterization, and Antimicrobial Activity of Mexican ( Lippia graveolens

The effect of solvent polarity (methanol and pentane) on the chemical composition of hydrodistilled essential oils (EO’s) of Lippia graveolens H.B.K. (MXO) and Origanum vulgare L. (EUO) was studied by GC-MS. Composition of modified starch microencapsulated EO’s was conducted by headspace-solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME). The antimicrobial activity of free and microencapsulated EO’s was evaluated. They were tested against Salmonella sp., Brochothrix thermosphacta, Pseudomonas fragi, Lactobacillus plantarum, and Micrococcus luteus. Thymol and carvacrol were among the main components of EO’s and their free and microencapsulated inhibitory activity was tested against M. luteus, showing an additive combined effect. Chemical composition of EO’s varied according to the solvent used for GC analysis and to volatile fraction as evaluated by HS-SPME. Thymol (both solvents) was the main component in essential oil of MXO, while carvacrol was the main component of the volatile fraction. EUO showed α-pinene (methanol) and γ-terpinene (pentane) as major constituents, the latter being the main component of the volatile fraction. EO’s showed good stability after 3 months storage at 4°C, where antimicrobial activity of microencapsulated EO’s remained the same, while free EO’s decreased 41% (MXO) and 67% (EUO) from initial activity. Microencapsulation retains most antimicrobial activity and improves stability of EO’s from oregano

Microbiological and Physicochemical Properties of Meat Coated with Microencapsulated Mexican Oregano (Lippia graveolens Kunth) and Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) Essential Oils Mixture

Microencapsulated essential oils (EOs) are increasingly used to protect the safety of foods due to their natural origin. The aim of this work was to determine the chemical composition of Mexican oregano (Lippia graveolens Kunth) (MOEO) and basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) (BEO) EOs, their combined effect against E. coli O157:H7, Lactobacillus plantarum, Brochothrix thermosphacta and Pseudomonas fragi, and their effect on microbiological and physicochemical properties of coated pork meat. EOs chemical composition was determined by GC/MS, their microencapsulated mixture (4 mg MOEO/mL/11 mg BEO/mL) was added to a filmogenic dispersion. Fluorescent probes were used to study the antimicrobial filmogenic active dispersion (FD) effect. Pork meat pieces were coated without microencapsulated EOs (CC), using FD (AC), or uncoated (C), vacuum packed and stored 28 days at 4 °C. Thymol (28.9%) and linalool (23.7%) were the major components of MOEO and BEO, respectively. The cell membrane of all bacteria was damaged by contact with FD. FD-coated samples (AC) exhibited the lowest concentration of 2-thiobarbituric acid reacting substances (TBARS) (0.027 ± 0.001 mg malonaldehyde/kg meat) and natural microbiota growth, while odor and color were the most accepted by untrained judges (range > 6). Coatings added with microencapsulated EOs mixture are a natural food preservation alternative to increase the shelf life of refrigerated meat products