Revisitando a obra de Padre João Daniel. Redescobrindo o Tesouro

This review is about a revisit to the work Discovered Treasure at the maximum Amazon River (volumes I and II). After having read it for over ten years and drafted two reviews, one in the year of its own publication by Editora Contraponto at the request of the SBPC, and another in 2005, at the invitation of the magazine Ambiente & Sociedade, published by Unicamp. In those two documents, we deal with biodiversity and environment, precious things that Priest João Daniel described, providing us with a detailed and precise narrative that seems current to the reader today, although written in the eighteenth century. In this paper we recall some points and we highlight two parts where he describes the amphibian fish, treating all aquatic animal biodiversity that breathe air. After this revisit, we bring a part not covered in the other reviews, in which Priest João Daniel describes the Indians ("natural" as he also calls them) and their physical characteristics and social organization. It also deals with the relation of the European man (Spanish and Portuguese people) with the Indian. It is striking how there is a strong parallel between the hierarchical and social relations that existed at the time of colonization and still persists in the present time. It is worth to feel the affection that the author had while living as a Jesuit in the Amazon and how he could have been a great historian, philosopher and biologist in the present times.Esta reseña revisita la obra Tesouro Descoberto no máximo Rio Amazonas (volúmes I y II). Más de diez años después de haber leído la obra y redactado dos reseñas, una en el año de su publicación por la editorial Contraponto, por encargo de la SBPC, y otra, en 2005, por invitación de la revista Ambiente & Sociedade, editada por la Unicamp, esta tercera reseña trae una lectura distinta en relación a las dos anteriores. En las dos primeras tratamos de la biodiversidad y el ambiente, tesoros que el Padre João Daniel describió, brindándonos una narrativa detallada y precisa que parece actual al lector de hoy, a pesar de haber sido escrita en el siglo XVIII (1757-1776). En esta reseña recordamos algunos puntos y resaltamos dos partes del texto donde el autor describe los peces anfíbios y la diversidad acuática animal que respira oxígeno. Después de esta revisión, presentamos una parte no abordada en las reseñas anteriores, en la que el Padre João Daniel describe a los índios (naturales, como les llama) y sus características físicas y organización social. Igualmente, la relación del hombre europeo (españoles y portugueses) con el índio. Impresiona la fuerte correlación entre las relaciones jerárquicas y sociales que hubo en la época de la colonización y que todavía persisten en el presente. Vale la pena sentir el cariño que el autor tiene en cuanto vive como un jesuíta en la Amazonia y como podría haber sido, hoy en día, un gran historiador, filósofo y biólogo.Esta resenha trata de uma revisita à obra Tesouro Descoberto no máximo Rio Amazonas (volumes I e II). Após termos lido a mesma há mais de dez anos e redigido duas resenhas, uma no ano da própria publicação pela Editora Contraponto a pedido da SBPC, e outra em 2005, a convite da revista Ambiente & Sociedade, na ocasião, editada pela Unicamp, esta terceira traz uma leitura diferente. Naqueles dois documentos, tratamos da biodiversidade e ambiente, preciosidades que Padre João Daniel descreveu, brindando-nos com uma narrativa detalhada e precisa que parece atual ao leitor de hoje, apesar de escrita no século XVIII (1757-1776). No presente documento recordamos alguns pontos e ressaltamos duas partes onde ele descreve os peixes anfíbios, tratando toda a biodiversidade aquática animal que respira ar. Após esta revisita, trazemos uma parte não abordada nas demais resenhas, na qual Padre João Daniel descreve os índios (naturais como também os chama) e suas características físicas e organização social. Trata também da relação do homem europeu (espanhóis e portugueses) com o índio. Impressiona como há um forte paralelo entre as relações hierárquicas e sociais que houve na época da colonização e ainda persiste nos dias atuais. Vale à pena sentir o carinho que o autor teve enquanto viveu como jesuíta na Amazônia e como ele poderia ter sido, nos tempos de hoje, um grande historiador, filósofo e biólogo

Revisitando la obra del Padre João Daniel. Redescubriendo el Tesoro

Esta resenha trata de uma revisita à obra Tesouro Descoberto no máximo Rio Amazonas (volumes I e II). Após termos lido a mesma há mais de dez anos e redigido duas resenhas, uma no ano da própria publicação pela Editora Contraponto a pedido da SBPC, e outra em 2005, a convite da revista Ambiente & Sociedade, na ocasião, editada pela Unicamp, esta terceira traz uma leitura diferente. Naqueles dois documentos, tratamos da biodiversidade e ambiente, preciosidades que Padre João Daniel descreveu, brindando-nos com uma narrativa detalhada e precisa que parece atual ao leitor de hoje, apesar de escrita no século XVIII (1757-1776). No presente documento recordamos alguns pontos e ressaltamos duas partes onde ele descreve os peixes anfíbios, tratando toda a biodiversidade aquática animal que respira ar. Após esta revisita, trazemos uma parte não abordada nas demais resenhas, na qual Padre João Daniel descreve os índios (naturais como também os chama) e suas características físicas e organização social. Trata também da relação do homem europeu (espanhóis e portugueses) com o índio. Impressiona como há um forte paralelo entre as relações hierárquicas e sociais que houve na época da colonização e ainda persiste nos dias atuais. Vale à pena sentir o carinho que o autor teve enquanto viveu como jesuíta na Amazônia e como ele poderia ter sido, nos tempos de hoje, um grande historiador, filósofo e biólogo.This review is about a revisit to the work Discovered Treasure at the maximum Amazon River (volumes I and II). After having read it for over ten years and drafted two reviews, one in the year of its own publication by Editora Contraponto at the request of the SBPC, and another in 2005, at the invitation of the magazine Ambiente & Sociedade, published by Unicamp, we bring a different view in this one. In those two documents, we deal with biodiversity and environment, precious things that Priest João Daniel described, providing us with a detailed and precise narrative that seems current to the reader today, although written in the eighteenth century (1757-1776). In this paper we recall some points and we highlight two parts where he describes the amphibian fish, treating all aquatic animal biodiversity that breathe air. After this revisit, we bring a part not covered in the other reviews, in which Priest João Daniel describes the Indians (“natural” as he also calls them) and their physical characteristics and social organization. It also deals with the relation of the European man (Spanish and Portuguese people) with the Indian. It is striking how there is a strong parallel between the hierarchical and social relations that existed at the time of colonization and still persists in the present time. It is worth to feel the affection that the author had while living as a Jesuit in the Amazon and how he could have been a great historian, philosopher and biologist in the present times

Aspectos biológicos de peixes amazônicos. IV. Padrões eletroforéticos de hemoglobinas de 22 espécies coletadas na ilha da Marchantaria (Manaus - AM).

The hemoglobin patterns of hemolysates from 22 fish species belonging to Manchantaria island (Solimões river , Manaus, AM) had been characterized by starch gel and agarstarch gel electrophresis. High interespecific hemoglobin heterogeneity was observed, similarly to those described for sub-tropical and temperate fish species. The resolution power of the electrophoretic supports was considered. The adaptability question of the multiple hemoglobin systems was regarded.Foram estudados hemolisados de 22 espécies de peixes coletados na Ilha da Marchantaria (rio Solimões, Manaus - AM), através de eletroforeses em gel de amido e gel de ágar-amido. Uma grande heterogeneidade hemoglobínica interespecífica foi detectada, a exemplo do observado para espécies de zona subtropical e temperada. A capacidade de resolução de dois suportes eletroforéticos é discutida. Os resultados são discutidos em função da possível adaptabilidade conferida pelos sistemas de múltiplas hemoglobinas

Caracterización de la actividad piscícola en las meso regiones del estado del amazonas, amazonía brasileña

Fish farming has an outstanding position in Brazil. In the Amazon, there is a lack of updated technical information to support the progress of investment on the sector. This paper aims to characterize the fish farming activity in grouped municipalities (mesoregions) of the Amazonas State, based on technical information extracted from data bank of governmental institutions of Amazonas state. The public information from Secretary for Rural Production of Amazonas State (SEPROR-AM) and Environmental Protection Institute of the Amazonas State (IPAAM) were organized in spreadsheets and analyzed. According to the analyzed material, there is no structured pattern among the mesoregions. As regard as the farmed species, the tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) is the second most important, except by the southwest region. Alevins were acquired by donation from The Agriculture Development and Sustainable Forestry Institute of the Amazonas State (IDAM/SEPROR-AM) or directly from nature. There are fish farmers associations in all municipalities; however, the closer to the capital, the better their organization. Among the major constraints mentioned by fish farmers are: acquisition of fish food, acquisition of alevins, lack or restriction of updated information, and specialized technicians. We suggest that the diagnostic of the fish farming activity in the mesoregions on the Amazonas state can subsidize local actions and actions in other regions of pan-Amazon (integrated region by the Amazonian territories of all Amazon countries).La piscicultura ocupa una posición destacada en el Brasil. En la Amazonía falta información técnica actualizada que subsidie el progreso de inversiones en este sector. El objetivo de este trabajo fue caracterizar la actividad piscícola en el Amazonas por medio de agrupamiento de municipios (meso regiones), mediante la utilización de información técnica proveniente de instituciones gubernamentales del Amazonas. Fueron consideradas informaciones públicas solicitadas a la Secretaria de Produção Rural do Estado do Amazonas (SEPROR-AM) y al Instituto de Proteção Ambiental do Amazonas (IPAAM), que fueron reorganizadas en planillas y luego se analizaron. De acuerdo con el material recopilado, en las meso regiones no existe un patrón común entre las estructuras utilizadas. Sobre las especies cultivadas se observó que el tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) ocupa una posición secundaria, con excepción de la región sudeste. La adquisición de alevinos es realizada por medio de donaciones recibidas del Instituto de Desenvolvimento Agropecuário e Florestal Sustentável do Estado do Amazonas (IDAM/SEPROR- AM) o directamente de la naturaleza. Las asociaciones de piscicultores o acuicultores están presentes en todos los municipios; sin embargo, cuanto mayor es la proximidad a la capital, mejor están organizadas. Entre los principales problemas mencionados por los piscicultores están la obtención de la ración, la adquisición de alevinos y la falta o restricción de información y de técnicos especializados. Sugerimos que el diagnóstico de la actividad piscícola en las meso regiones del Estado de Amazonas, aquí presentado, puede subsidiar acciones locales y en otras regiones de la panAmazonia (región integrada por los territorios amazónicos de todos los países amazónicos)

Differential survivorship of congeneric ornamental fishes under forecasted climate changes are related to anaerobic potential

Two Amazonian closely related tetras – cardinal Paracheirodon axelrodi and green neon P. simulans – were artificially acclimatized to environmental chambers mimicking future climate change scenarios (mild, moderate and ex-treme), using a microcosm facility. P. simulans survived (100%) to all scenarios after 30 days exposure, while P. axelrodi presented decreasing survival percentages according to environmental severity. These differences may be the reflection of distinct natural acclimatization to microhabitats between the species, which differ in thermal conditions. Survival responses might be related to differences in relative gene expression of lactate dehydrogenase (Ldh), suggesting that P. axelrodi anaerobic potential is lower or non-existent compared to P. simulans, not tolerating long-term thermal challenges. Accordingly, increases in temperature and in CO2 levels caused increases in energy demand and resulted in activation of the anaerobic pathway, as demonstrated by the higher enzyme levels measured in head and tail portions of both species. Sustained anaerobic glycolysis is possible when fish live in challenging environments (low oxygen or high temperature). Our results clearly show that P. simulans has a larger scope for survival to higher energy demands due to its increased anaerobic potential compared to P. axelrodi. © 2018, Sociedade Brasileira de Genética

Ecophysiology, genotoxicity, histopathology, and gene responses of naphthalene injected colossoma macropomum (Cuvier, 1818) exposed to hypoxia

The present study aimed to evaluate the biological responses of Colossoma macropomum to naphthalene injection and subsequent hypoxia exposure, emphasizing the expression of the tumor suppressor gene tp53. Tambaquis were intraperitoneally injected with naphthalene (50 mg/kg) and, after 96 hours, the fish were transferred to respirometry chambers and, submitted to progressive hypoxia for the determination of critical PO2. In a subsequent experiment, the fish received an intraperitoneal injection of naphthalene and were kept for 96 hours under normoxia. Successively, fish were challenged with acute hypoxia (PO2 <PO2 crit) during 6 hours. We observed that the PO2 crit was not affected by naphthalene injection. Moreover, hematological parameters were modulated only in response to hypoxia. Fish with naphthalene injection plus hypoxia exposure presented altered activity of the GST and CAT enzymes. Exposure to naphthalene also resulted in DNA damages, which was not influenced by hypoxia. Hypoxia accentuated the hepatic lesions caused by naphthalene, as well as it also impaired the transcription of tp53 in naphtalene injected fish, demonstrating the risks of contaminating aquatic environments, especially environments where hypoxic conditions are common and occur on a daily or on seasonal basis, as in the Amazon basin. © 2019, Sociedade Brasileira de Genética

Recovery of fat snook, Centropomus parallelus (Teleostei: Perciformes) after subchronic exposure to copper

We studied the recovery of juvenile fat snook (Centropomus parallelus) after subchronic exposure to different concentrations of copper. Healthy juveniles (1.98 g) were exposed to 25 or 50 μg Cu/L for 30 days (12 replicates with 5 fish in each one), and recovery was observed at 0, 4, 10, and 30 days after exposure (3 replicates with 5 fish in each one). Copper genotoxicity in exposed individuals was observed using a micronucleus assay, and recovery was not observed even 30 days post-exposure. Copper accumulation was observed in fish exposed to 25 or 50 μg/L of copper in the gills (14.4 and 34.4 μg/g, respectively) and muscle (5.7 and 5.5 μg/g, respectively), and a return to normal copper levels (6.0 μg/g for gills and 2.5 μg/g for muscle) was observed 4 and 30 days post-exposure in the gills and muscle tissues, respectively. Glutathione S-transferase (GST) was 80% inhibited in individuals exposed to copper and returned to normal levels for fish exposed to basal concentrations within 10 days. Although copper accumulation in tissues dispersed 30 days post-exposure, no recovery from genotoxicity was observed during this time. Thirty days was not enough to recover juvenile fat snook following subchronic exposure to copper. © 2013 Elsevier Inc

Reproductive seasonality of the fish fauna and limnoecology of semi-arid Brazilian reservoirs

The native fish fauna commonly found in the drainage basins of rivers and reservoirs of Latin America, including those of the semi-arid Northeastern Brazil, are representatives of the Neotropical region. This work reports on the reproductive ecology of five commercially important and consumable native fish species, in relation to rainfall and hydrological variables of the semi-arid reservoirs in Brazil. Pluviometric precipitation, temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen and electrical conductivity of the water were registered, and maturation of fish gonads was assessed on a monthly basis. This region is characterized with short spells of rain interspersed with long dry season and rainfall seems to be the main environmental factor which modulates the timing of the spawning period of fish. Construction of reservoirs without adequate facilities for fish migration has an adverse impact on the migratory fish species which are of commercial and ecological importance to semi-arid Northeastern Brazil. © 2009 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved