Grinnelian and Eltonian niche conservatism of the European honeybee (Apis mellifera) in its exotic distribution

The understanding of how niche-related traits change during species invasion have prompted what is now known as the niche conservatism principle. Most studies that have tested the niche conservatism principle have focused on the extent to which the species’ climatic niches remain stable in their exotic distribution. However, it is equality important to address how biotic specialization, i.e. resource use, changes during exotic species invasions. Here, we use the widespread European honeybee (Apis mellifera) to understand whether its Grinnelian and Eltonian niches changed in its exotic distribution using tests of abiotic and biotic niche conservatism. We found that both niche domains of the European honeybee remained stable in its exotic distribution, which means that neither the climatic niche nor the biotic specialization showed significant differences between the native and the exotic ranges. Our findings that climatic and resource use are coupled can be explained by A. mellifera’s long history of domestication and the possibility that life history traits (e.g., polyandry) may have shaped this species’ large niche over the course of evolution and therefore facilitated exotic ranges colonization

Portuguese version of Duke Religious Index: DUREL

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O verbo “parabenizar” no português brasileiro: etimologia, neologia e o problema do quasi-hápax em morfologia

O verbo parabenizar apresenta uma particularidade em sua formação: seu significado se difere do significado usual dos verbos formados com o sufixo -izar, que é o de “tornar X” (como civilizar – tornar civilizado). Neste texto, discutimos a formação e o significado de parabenizar, bem como sua história no português brasileiro, desde sua criação, em fins do século XIX, até os dias atuais, em que já não é mais sentido como neologismo. A partir da comparação com outros verbos em -izar, propomos considerar esse verbo como um quasi-hápax, por ser um dos poucos verbos em -izar cujo significado é “dizer ‘X’ a” (“dizer ‘parabéns’ a alguém”). Por meio de pesquisas em fontes online, recuperamos diversas atestações do uso desse verbo ao longo da história para mostrar como ele passa de neologismo, inicialmente regional, a verbo plenamente integrado à língua

Integrating economic costs and biological traits into global conservation priorities for carnivores

Background: Prioritization schemes usually highlight species-rich areas, where many species are at imminent risk of extinction. To be ecologically relevant these schemes should also include species biological traits into area-setting methods. Furthermore, in a world of limited funds for conservation, conservation action is constrained by land acquisition costs. Hence, including economic costs into conservation priorities can substantially improve their conservation cost-effectiveness. Methodology/Principal Findings: We examined four global conservation scenarios for carnivores based on the joint mapping of economic costs and species biological traits. These scenarios identify the most cost effective priority sets of ecoregions, indicating best investment opportunities for safeguarding every carnivore species, and also establish priority sets that can maximize species representation in areas harboring highly vulnerable species. We compared these results with a scenario that minimizes the total number of ecoregions required for conserving all species, irrespective of other factors. We found that cost-effective conservation investments should focus on 41 ecoregions highlighted in the scenario that consider simultaneously both ecoregion vulnerability and economic costs of land acquisition. Ecoregions included in priority sets under these criteria should yield best returns of investments since they harbor species with high extinction risk and have lower mean land cost. Conclusions/Significance: Our study highlights ecoregions of particular importance for the conservation of the world’s carnivores defining global conservation priorities in analyses that encompass socioeconomic and life-history factors. We consider the identification of a comprehensive priority-set of areas as a first step towards an in-situ biodiversity maintenance strategy

A comunidade de insetos endófagos de Asteraceae em Cerrados de São Paulo

A survey of the endophagous insects fauna associated to Asteraceae capitula was carried out from 2000 to 2002 in eight cerrado sensu stricto sites located in the Brazilian state of São Paulo. Sixty-four endophagous species of Diptera and Lepidoptera were recorded from 49 asteracean host plants. Approximately half of the species were obtained from a single locality, with a large proportion emerging from a single sample (unicates). Thirty percent of the species were singletons (i.e. only one individual was recorded). The large proportion of rare species suggests a high species turnover among localities. Lepidopteran species were recorded on more host species than dipterans, confirming their more polyphagous food habit, also observed in other Brazilian biomes and in Europe. We conclude that the studied cerrado localities, all within São Paulo State, are isolated with its invertebrate fauna composed of many rare and exclusive species. We suggest that the maintenance of Asteraceae biodiversity and their endophagous insects depend on the conservation of all cerrado remnants in the state.No presente estudo foi realizado um levantamento da fauna de insetos endófagos de capítulos de Asteraceae (Compostas), de 2000 a 2002, em oito localidades de cerrados sensu stricto no estado de São Paulo. Foram obtidas 64 espécies de endófagos (dípteros e lepidópteros) de 49 espécies de hospedeiras. Aproximadamente metade das espécies foi obtida de apenas uma área, e destas uma grande proporção ocorreu em apenas uma amostra (unicatas). Trinta por cento das espécies foram consideradas singletons (apenas um indivíduo foi obtido). A grande quantidade de espécies raras sugere uma forte troca de espécies entre diferentes áreas. Lepidópteros foram registrados em mais espécies hospedeiras que dípteros, confirmando o já observado para o mesmo sistema de insetos e plantas em outros ambientes no Brasil e Europa. As áreas de cerrado sensu stricto estudadas no estado de São Paulo encontram-se isoladas, com uma grande parte da fauna de invertebrados composta por muitas espécies raras e exclusivas. Diante deste quadro, sugere-se que a manutenção da biodiversidade de Asteraceae e seus endófagos em seus níveis atuais depende da conservação de todo o conjunto de remanescentes de cerrado do estado.458468Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP

ANÁLISE DA VARIAÇÃO DA LINHA DE COSTA NO TRECHO ENTRE AS PRAIAS DE PEROBA E REDONDA NO MUNICÍPIO DE ICAPUÍ-CEARÁ, BRASIL, A PARTIR DE IMAGENS DE SATÉLITE APLICANDO O DSAS: Analysis of the shoreline variation in the area between Peroba and Redonda's beaches in Icapuí-Ceará, Brazil, based on satellite images using DSAS

Icapuí, the municipality's coastal zone, is made up of sandy beaches, cliff formations, dunes, and a vast stretch of marshes. Due to their interactions with water, land, and air, these regions are highly active; erosion or deposition may occur as a result of this interaction. Constant losses of sediments, especially in cities, are a concern that has been the focus of study using various methods and tools to understand coastal dynamics, both short, medium, and long term. The understanding of the change in the shoreline between Peroba and Redonda beaches in Icapuí, based on satellite images, was obtained using Digital Shoreline Analysis System at a time scale ranging from 2005 to 2020. According to the results, from 2005 to 2010, the shoreline trended stably at 62.52 percent and regressed by 37.48 percent. Between 2010 and 2015, it stayed constant at 51.68 percent before progressing by 46.94% between 2015 and 2020. The stability of the line decreased to 13.22 percent with a regression of 86.78% between 2015 and 2020. The data provided by the Taxa do Ponto Final and Linear Regressions between 2005 and 2020, -0.61 and -0.70 mm/year respectively, indicate that the coastline line remained relatively stable at about 90% (4.570 m) and 84% (4.470 m). Keywords: Coastal erosion; accretion; retrogradation; progradation.A zona costeira do município de Icapuí, Estado do Ceará, é composta por praias arenosas, falésias, dunas e uma extensa planície de maré. Estas áreas são altamente dinâmicas por conta de sua interação com mar, terra e atmosfera, podendo ocorrer processos de erosão ou deposição. Perdas constantes de sedimentos, sobretudo em praias urbanizadas, constituem-se problemas que tem sido alvo de estudos empregando diferentes métodos e ferramentas, para entender a dinâmica costeira, seja a curto, médio e longo prazo. O entendimento da variação da linha de costa entre as praias de Peroba e Redonda em Icapuí, baseou-se em imagens de satélites, numa escala temporal entre 2005 e 2020, aplicando o método Digital Shoreline Analysis System. Os resultados indicaram que entre 2005 e 2010 a linha de costa apresentava-se estável em 62,52% e retrogradou 37,48%. Entre 2010 e 2015 manteve-se estável em 51,68%, tendo progradado 46,94%. Entre 2015 e 2020 a estabilidade reduziu para 13,22% com retrogradação cerca de 86,78%. Os valores fornecidos pela Taxa do Ponto Final e Regressão Linear entre 2005 e 2020, -0.61 ± 0.30 e -0.70 ± 0.29 m/ano respectivamente, indicam que a linha de costa permaneceu estável em cerca de 90% (4.570 m) e 84% (4.470 m). Palavras chaves: Erosão costeira; acreção; retrogradação; progradação

The Aspects Related to Violence Against Elderly: Nurse’s Perception from the Family Health Strategy / Aspectos Relacionados à Violência Contra o Idoso: Concepção do Enfermeiro da Estratégia Saúde da Família

Objetivo: conhecer aspectos relacionados à violência contra o idoso, sob a concepção do enfermeiro da Estratégia Saúde da Família. Métodos: Pesquisa qualitativa, realizada com dez enfermeiros da Estratégia Saúde da Família, em Teresina, Brasil, de setembro a outubro de 2014. Utilizaram-se entrevistas gravadas para a coleta dos dados, por meio de um roteiro semiestruturado, fundamentados pela análise de conteúdo, modalidade temática. Resultados: Foram identificadas duas categorias temáticas: Identificação pelas enfermeiras das situações de violência contra o idoso, na abordagem durante o atendimento de rotina, no acompanhamento pelo Agente Comunitário de Saúde e nas visitas domiciliares; e, Ações desenvolvidas pelas enfermeiras frente aos casos identificados de violência contra o idoso, por meio de ações educativas, acionamento da Delegacia do Idoso e encaminhamentos para os Serviços Sociais. Conclusão: os enfermeiros necessitam de capacitação para o trabalho de assistência na Estratégia Saúde da Família, voltado ao agravo da violência contra o idoso

Immunogenicity of personalized dendritic-cell therapy in HIV-1 infected individuals under suppressive antiretroviral treatment:interim analysis from a phase II clinical trial

BACKGROUND: We developed a personalized Monocyte-Derived Dendritic-cell Therapy (MDDCT) for HIV-infected individuals on suppressive antiretroviral treatment and evaluated HIV-specific T-cell responses. METHODS: PBMCs were obtained from 10 HIV(+) individuals enrolled in trial NCT02961829. Monocytes were differentiated into DCs using IFN-α and GM-CSF. After sequencing each patient’s HIV-1 Gag and determining HLA profiles, autologous Gag peptides were selected based on the predicted individual immunogenicity and used to pulse MDDCs. Three doses of the MDDCT were administered every 15 days. To assess immunogenicity, patients’ cells were stimulated in vitro with autologous peptides, and intracellular IL-2, TNF, and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) production were measured in CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-cells. RESULTS: The protocol of ex-vivo treatment with IFN-α and GM-CSF was able to induce maturation of MDDCs, as well as to preserve their viability for reinfusion. MDDCT administration was associated with increased expression of IL-2 in CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-cells at 15 and/or 30 days after the first MDDCT administration. Moreover, intracellular TNF and IFN-γ expression was significantly increased in CD4(+) T-cells. The number of candidates that increased in vitro the cytokine levels in CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells upon stimulation with Gag peptides from baseline to day 15 and from baseline to day 30 and day 120 after MDDCT was significant as compared to Gag unstimulated response. This was accompanied by an increasing trend in the frequency of polyfunctional T-cells over time, which was visible when considering both cells expressing two and three out of the three cytokines examined. CONCLUSIONS: MDDC had a mature profile, and this MDDCT promoted in-vitro T-cell immune responses in HIV-infected patients undergoing long-term suppressive antiretroviral treatment. Trial registration NCT02961829: (Multi Interventional Study Exploring HIV-1 Residual Replication: a Step Towards HIV-1 Eradication and Sterilizing Cure, https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02961829, posted November 11th, 2016) SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12981-021-00426-z