Nutritional characteristics of meat from lambs fed diets containing mulberry hay

The objective of this study was to evaluate the nutritional characteristics of meat from lambs fed diets containing 0%, 12.5% and 25.0% (dry matter (DM)) mulberry hay as a substitute for the concentrate. Twenty-four feedlot Île-de-France lambs with an average age of 60 days and bodyweight (BW) of 15 kg were fed in individual stalls and slaughtered at 32 kg BW, at approximately 130 days old. The chemical composition of the experimental diets contained, respectively, 584.4, 569.4 and 571.8 g DM/kg; 188.8, 185.1 and 184 g crude protein (CP)/kg and 29.9, 29.5 and 25.5 Mcal/kg DM for the mulberry hay inclusion levels of 0%, 12.5% and 25.0%, with a dietary forage to concentrate ratio of 50 : 50. The chemical composition of the meat was 757.9 g moisture/kg DM, 208.6 g CP/kg DM, 22.9 g crude fat/kg DM and 10.5 g ash/kg DM. Cholesterol concentration (36.07 mg/100 g) in the meat was not influenced by mulberry hay inclusion of the diet. An increase was observed in the concentrations of saturated pentadecanoic, heptadecanoic and arachidic acids; monounaturated heptadecenoic acid; and polyunsaturated α-linolenic, ɣ-linolenic and eicosapentaenoic acids. Nervonic and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) concentrations responded quadratically, representing 3.7 g/kg and 5.9 g/kg of the meat when mulberry hay was included at 16.98% and 12.56%. Omega-3 acid concentrations increased, while the omega-3 : omega-6 ratio decreased in the meat of mulberry hay-fed animals. Inclusion of mulberry hay in lamb diets increases the amount of desirable fatty acids in their meat, whose nutritional characteristics are improved.Keywords: Chemical composition, fatty acids, feedlot, sheep mea

Cirurgia bariátrica em indivíduos com déficits cognitivos graves: relato de dois casos

sem informaçãoBariatric surgery has become the gold-standard treatment for refractory morbid obesity. Obesity is frequently associated with certain syndromes that include coexisting cognitive deficits. However, the outcomes from bariatric surgery in this group of indiv13618488sem informaçãosem informaçãosem informaçã

Assessment of sulfamethoxazole and oxytetracycline uptake and transformation in Eisenia fetida earthworms

The scientific community is becoming increasingly concerned about the recent detection of transformation products (TPs) of antimicrobials (AMs) and their presence in the food chain. There are growing concerns about the potential consequences on food safety and the proliferation of antimicrobial resistance. In this work, the transformation process of sulfamethoxazole (SMX) and oxytetracycline (OTC) in soil was thoroughly evaluated. For that purpose, soils were homogeneously contaminated at three concentration levels of SMX and OTC, independently, and samples were analysed after 7 and 14 days by Ultra High-Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled to a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer (UHPLC-MS/MS). The results have demonstrated a remarkable transformation, particularly noteworthy for SMX, as it exhibited an 89 % - 94 % decrease in concentration within the initial 7 days of the experiment. In addition, to assess whether terrestrial organisms would be able to accumulate the AMs, Eisenia fetida (E. fetida) earthworms were exposed to the above-mentioned concentration levels of AMs in soil. Both AMs were accumulated in the organisms after 14 days, but higher bioaccumulation factor values (BCF) were determined for SMX (0.52–17.84) compared to OTC (0.02–0.21) at all tested concentrations. The analyses were extended to search for TPs in earthworms and soils using a suspect screening approach. Concretely, by means of UHPLC-high resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS) three TPs were identified at 2a and 2b of confidence level. To the best of our knowledge, one SMX-TP and one OTC-TP were identified in earthworms and soil, respectively, for the first time in the present work. Earthworms did not experience weight loss or mortality in the presence of these AMs at levels found in the environment, but there was a decrease in riboflavin levels, which is linked to changes in the immune system. This study represents a significant advancement in understanding the impact of AMs in soil and their subsequent entry into the food chain. It also provides valuable insights into the potential effects of AMs and their TPs on organisms.This work has been partially financed by the Basque Government (Kontrae Elkartek Project KK2020-00007) and Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior – Brasil (CAPES)– Finance Code 001. JRL environment. The authors would like to thank also to the Environmental Antibiotic Resistance Joint Reseach Laboratory and the Basque Government through the financial support as consolidated group of the Basque Research System (IT1446-22). I. Vergara-Luis is grateful to the University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) for her pre-doctoral fellowship

Co-infection Trypanosoma Cruzi/hiv: Systematic Review (1980 - 2010) [coinfecção Trypanosoma Cruzi/hiv: Revisão Sistemática (1980 - 2010)]

Introduction: The co-infection Trypanosoma cruzi/HIV has been described as a clinical event of great relevance. The objective of this study was to describe clinical and epidemiological aspects published in literature. Methods: It is a systematic review of a descriptive nature from the databases Medline, Lilacs, SciELO, Scopus, from 1980 to 2010. Results: There were 83 articles (2.8 articles/year) with a total of 291 cases. The co-infection was described in 1980 and this situation has become the defining AIDS clinical event in Brazil. This is the country with the highest number of publication (51.8%) followed by Argentina (27.7%). The majority of cases are amongst adult men (65.3%) native or from endemic regions with serological diagnosis in the chronic stage (97.9%) and indeterminate form (50.8%). Both diseases follow the normal course, but in 41% the reactivation of the Chagas disease occurs. The most severe form is the meningoencephalitis, with 100% of mortality without specific and early treatment of the T. cruzi. The medication of choice was the benznidazole on doses and duration normally used for the acute phase. The high parasitemia detected by direct or indirect quantitative methods indicated reactivation and its elevation is the most important predictive factor. The lower survival rate was related to the reactivation of the Chagas disease and the natural complications of both diseases. The role of the antiretroviral treatment on the co-infection cannot yet be defined by the knowledge currently existent. Conclusions: Despite the relevance of this clinical event there are still gaps to be filled.446762770Dias, J.C.P., Globalização, iniqüidade e doença de Chagas (2007) Cad Saude Publica, 23, pp. S513-S522Akhavan, D., (2000) Analise de custo-efetividade do programa de controle da doença de Chagas no Brasil, , Relatório final. 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Case Report (1996) Arq Neuro-Psiquitr, 54, pp. 102-106di Lorenzo, G.A., Pagano, M.A., Taratuto, A.L., Garau, M.L., Meli, F.J., Pomsztein, M.D., Chagasic granulomatous encephalitis in immunosuppressed patients (1996) J Neuroimaging, 6, pp. 94-97Ferreira, M.S., Nishioka, A.S., Silvestre, M.T.A., Borges, A.S., Nunes-Araújo, F.R.F., Rocha, A., Reactivation of Chagas' disease in patients with AIDS: Report of three new cases and review of the literature (1997) Clin Infect Dis, 25, pp. 1397-1400Montero, A., Cohen, J.E., Martinez, D.P., Giovannoni, A.G., Tratamiento empirico anti-toxoplasma en SIDA y Chagas cerebral. 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I), pp. 145-151Oeleman, W., Velásquez, J.N., Carnevale, S., Besasso, H., Teixeira, G.M., Peralta, J.M., Intestinal Chagas' disease in patients with AIDS (2000) AIDS, 14, pp. 1072-1073Corti, M., AIDS and Chagas' disease. Review (2000) AIDS patients care STDs, 14, pp. 581-588Corti, M., Trione, N., Corbera, K., Vivas, C., Enfermedad de Chagas: Otra causa de masa cerebral ocupante en pacientes com syndrome de immunodeficiencia adquirida (2000) Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiologia Clínica, 18, pp. 194-199Cahn, P., Belloso, W.H., Murillo, J., Prada-Trujillo, AIDS in Latin America (2000) Infec Dis Clin North Ame, 14, pp. 185-209Concetti, H., Retegui, M., Pérez, G., Pérez, H., Chagas' disease of the cervix uteri in a patient with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (2000) Hum Pathol, 31, pp. 120-122Jesus-Pedro, R., Doença de Chagas e Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida: Quantos estariam co-infectados no Brasil? (2001) JBA São Paulo, 2, pp. 5-6Antunes, A.C.M., Cecchini, F.M.L., von Bock Bolli, F., Oliveira, P.P., Rebouças, R.G., Monte, T.L., Cerebral trypanosomiasis and AIDS (2002) Arq Neuropsiquiat, 60, pp. 730-733Harms, G., Feldmeier, H., Review: HIV infection and tropical parasitic diseases-deleterious interactions in both directions? 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(2006) Medicina (Buenos Aires), 66, pp. 595-596Sartori, A.M.C., Ibrahim, D.Y., Westphalen, E.V.N., Braz, L.M.A., Oliveira Jr., O.C., Gakiya, E., Manifestations of Chagas' disease (American trypanosomiasis) in patients with HIV/AIDS (2007) Ann Trop Med Parasitol, 101, pp. 31-50Karp, C.L., Auwaerter, P.G., Coinfection with HIV and tropical infectious diseases. I. 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Essential oil from Ageratum fastigiatum reduces expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-alpha in peripheral blood leukocytes subjected to in vitro stimulation with phorbol myristate acetate

AbstractAgeratum fastigiatum (Gardner) R.M. King & H. Rob., a member of the Asteraceae family popularly known in Brazil as “matapasto”, is indicated in folk medicine as anti-inflammatory and analgesic. Despite its popular use, little is known about its potential effect on the parameters involved in an inflammatory response. The objective of this study was to characterize the chemical composition of the essential oil from A. fastigiatum and to evaluate the frequency of tumor necrosis factor alpha and interferon gamma producing cells in peripheral blood lymphocytes stimulated with phorbol myristate acetate in the presence of essential oil from A. fastigiatum. Non-toxic concentrations of essential oil from A. fastigiatum were evaluated in cultures of peripheral blood leucocytes using the trypan blue exclusion assay by flow cytometry. GC–MS analysis revealed that the prevalent compounds identified in the essential oil from A. fastigiatum sample were α-pinene, limonene, trans-caryophyllene, α-humulene, caryophyllene oxide, 1,2-humulene-epoxide, 1,6-humulanodien-3-ol, and α-cadinol. Results showed that exposure to essential oil from A. fastigiatum at concentrations of 0.5×10−2 and 1×10−2μl/ml caused no alterations in leukocyte viability as compared to the control group. Both concentrations lowered the percentage of tumor necrosis factor alpha (+)-lymphocytes and neutrophils. There were no changes in the percentage of lymphocytes positive for the interferon gamma cytokine. Our results suggest that part of the anti-inflammatory activity attributed to A. fastigiatum may be due to the effect of some of its components in decreasing the number of cells that produce the pro-inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor alpha

Identificación del índice de vulnerabilidad territorial a partir de modelos jerárquicos y heurísticos aplicando SOA

Auxiliar de InvestigaciónEn el proyecto se realiza el diseño y desarrollo de 4 servicios web implementando los modelos de toma de decisión (AHP, AHP FUZZY, ELECTRE y PROMETHEE), encargados de procesar datos obtenidos en campo en la primera fase del proyecto que se realizó a través de encuestas, formatos de entrevistas, talleres y metodologías de análisis. Los datos se procesaran de acuerdo al modelo de toma de decisión seleccionado, generando como resultado final un indicador de vulnerabilidad territorial.PregradoIngeniero de Sistema

Scalable and accurate causality tracking for eventually consistent stores

Lecture Notes in Computer Science 8460, 2014In cloud computing environments, data storage systems often rely on optimistic replication to provide good performance and availability even in the presence of failures or network partitions. In this scenario, it is important to be able to accurately and efficiently identify updates executed concurrently. Current approaches to causality tracking in optimistic replication have problems with concurrent updates: they either (1) do not scale, as they require replicas to maintain information that grows linearly with the number of writes or unique clients; (2) lose information about causality, either by removing entries from client-id based version vectors or using server-id based version vectors, which cause false conflicts. We propose a new logical clock mechanism and a logical clock framework that together support a traditional key-value store API, while capturing causality in an accurate and scalable way, avoiding false conflicts. It maintains concise information per data replica, only linear on the number of replica servers, and allows data replicas to be compared and merged linear with the number of replica servers and versions.(undefined

Estudos sobre a nutrição mineral do arroz: XV. absorção radicular e foliar do radiofosforo pelas variedades IAC-47 e IAC-435

Foram estudados os efeitos do tempo e da concentração iônica externa na absorção do radiofósforo por raízes destacadas e por plantas inteiras de arroz das variedades IAC-47 (sequeiro) e IAC-435 (irrigado). No intervalo de 30 a 180 min. houve linearidade na absorção. O valor de km para as duas variedades foi o mesmo sendo, porém, menor quando se empregaram raízes destacadas. Não se encontrou diferença significativa na absorção foliar do fosfato monoamônico ou diamônico em ausência ou em presença de uréia.Root uptake either by excised roots or by intact young plants (3-4 week old) showed linearity in the period from 30 to 180 minutes of contact with the solution. Km values were the same for both varieties being, however, slightly lower in the case of excised roots. Foliar uptake was affect neither by source (monoammonium against diammonium phosphate) nor by the presence of urea in the same solution

Effects of sulfamethazine and tetracycline at molecular, cellular and tissue levels in Eisenia fetida earthworms

Soil contamination by antibiotics is a global issue of great concern that contributes to the rise of bacterial antibiotic resistance and can have toxic effects on non-target organisms. This study evaluated the variations of molecular, cellular, and histological parameters in Eisenia fetida earthworms exposed to sulfamethazine (SMZ) and tetracycline (TC), two antibiotics commonly found in agricultural soils. The earthworms were exposed for 14 days to a series of concentrations (0, 10, 100, and 1000 mg/kg) of both antibiotics. SMZ and TC did not affect the survival of E. fetida, however, other effects at different levels of biological complexity were detected. The two highest concentrations of SMZ reduced the viability of coelomocytes. At the highest TC concentration, there was a noticeable decline in cell viability, acetylcholinesterase activity (neurotoxicity), and the relative presence of mucopolysaccharides in the epidermis (mucous production). Glutathione S-transferase activity decreased in all TC treatments and at the highest SMZ concentration. However, levels of malondialdehyde and protein carbonyls did not change, suggesting an absence of oxidative stress. Tetracycline was neurotoxic to E. fetida and changed the integrity of the epidermis. Both antibiotics altered the intestinal microbiota of E. fetida, leading to a reduction in the relative abundance of bacteria from the phyla Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes, while causing an increase in the phylum Actinobacteroidota. All observed changes indicate that both SMZ and TC can disrupt the earthworms' immune system and gut microbiome, while fostering the growth of bacteria that harbour antibiotic resistance genes. Finally, both antibiotics exerted additional metabolic and physiological effects that increased the vulnerability of E. fetida to pathogens.Partially funded by the Basque Government (KONTRAE, KK2020-00007; Consolidate groups, IT1446-22, IT1743-22), Joint Research Laboratory on Environmental Antibiotic Resistance (Euskampus), “Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior, CAPES” (001), and “Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, CNPq” (313503/2021-4). Also grateful to the University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) for the pre-doctoraI fellowship of I. Vergara-Luis. We extend our deepest gratitude to Ainhoa Ugarte and Ane Arrizabalaga for the micrographs