Concentrations of indolebutyric acid on air-layering of guava cv. Paluma

Nowadays, the predominant technique for the commercial propagation of guava seedlings is through cuttings, using herbaceous cuttings that need a specialized infrastructure with intermittent misting, clean water, exhausters, water filters, and fans. As an alternative to plant propagation by cuttings, this study aimed to evaluate the influence of concentrations of indolebutyric acid (IBA) on the rooting of branches of the guava cv. Paluma by air-layering. The experimental design was in randomized blocks, with four replications and 10 air layers per plot. The treatments consisted of six concentrations of IBA powder mixed with industrial talcum: 0, 1,000, 2,000, 3,000, 4,000, and 5,000 mg.kg-1. Four adult guava parents that were in the off-season period were used. For the preparation of the air layers, the stems were girdled with a 4.0 cm width, using a steel blade, by removing the bark until exposing the cambium region, followed by IBA application and wrapping of the branches with a plastic bag containing moist organic substrate. The following variables were evaluated 120 days after air-layering: percentage of rooted and callused air layers, longest root length, and root dry matter. The analysis of variance indicated no significant differences between the IBA concentrations for all variables, but the rooting percentages were high (68.6 to 92.2%) regardless of the application of the exogenous auxin.Nowadays, the predominant technique for the commercial propagation of guava seedlings is through cuttings, using herbaceous cuttings that need a specialized infrastructure with intermittent misting, clean water, exhausters, water filters, and fans. As an alternative to plant propagation by cuttings, this study aimed to evaluate the influence of concentrations of indolebutyric acid (IBA) on the rooting of branches of the guava cv. Paluma by air-layering. The experimental design was in randomized blocks, with four replications and 10 air layers per plot. The treatments consisted of six concentrations of IBA powder mixed with industrial talcum: 0, 1,000, 2,000, 3,000, 4,000, and 5,000 mg.kg-1. Four adult guava parents that were in the off-season period were used. For the preparation of the air layers, the stems were girdled with a 4.0 cm width, using a steel blade, by removing the bark until exposing the cambium region, followed by IBA application and wrapping of the branches with a plastic bag containing moist organic substrate. The following variables were evaluated 120 days after air-layering: percentage of rooted and callused air layers, longest root length, and root dry matter. The analysis of variance indicated no significant differences between the IBA concentrations for all variables, but the rooting percentages were high (68.6 to 92.2%) regardless of the application of the exogenous auxin

Queimaduras: fisiopatologia das complicações sistêmicas e manejo clínico / Burns: pathophysiology of systemic complications and clinical management

INTRODUÇÃO: As queimaduras são danos nos tecidos orgânicos em virtude de traumas térmicos em consequência da exposição ou contato com o calor,  substâncias químicas, radiação ou atrito, a qual resulta em complicações físicas e psicológicas.(SBCP,2008). OBJETIVO: O objetivo geral deste artigo é revisar sobre o entendimento da fisiopatologia e manejo clínico das queimaduras, com o enfoque na abordagem clínica e sistêmica no primeiro atendimento dos pacientes queimados. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: A revisão foi realizada nos bancos de dados nacionais e internacionais, tais como Scielo e PubMed, com artigos publicados entre 2000 e 2020.  RESULTADOS: Após análise dos artigos, foi analisada as alterações metabólicas, sendo  seus principais sintomas e sinais clínicos: obstrução aguda das vias aéreas superiores, broncoespasmo, oclusão das pequenas vias aéreas, infecção, sepse, lesão térmicas, hiperemia restrita à área queimada, hipovolemia e choque sistêmico. Assim, a literatura demonstra que o manejo correto e precoce no primeiro atendimento ao paciente queimado proporciona melhor desfecho clínico, evitando complicações sistêmicas mais graves e sequelas. DISCUSSÃO: A fisiopatologia da lesão traumática causada pela queimadura configura- se pelo comprometimento da integridade funcional da pele, rompendo a homeostase hidroeletrolítica e afetando o controle da temperatura corporal, a flexibilidade e a lubrificação da superfície corpórea.Nesse sentido, é notório que a queimadura pode acarretar na necrose tecidual, além de danificar outros sistemas do organismo, principalmente o respiratório e o cardiovascular.   CONCLUSÃO: A queimadura é caracterizada como problema de ordem pública, na qual é fulcral intervenção precoce no tratamento das lesões térmicas na derme e no manejo das complicações sistêmicas que abrangem alterações metabólicas, respiratórias, cardiovasculares e infecciosas , podendo provocar sepse e complicações para o paciente queimado

Risk factors for oropharyngeal dysphagia in cardiovascular diseases

Some conditions consolidated as risk factors for oropharyngeal dysphagia have already been identified in other diseases, such as neurological. Studies on cardiovascular diseases concentrate in individuals in the postoperative period; thus, it is unknown if these same factors occur in individuals hospitalized for clinical or surgical treatment of these diseases. Objective: to correlate predictive risk factors for oropharyngeal dysphagia in individuals with cardiovascular disease admitted at a reference cardiology hospital. Methodology: This is a retrospective clinical study. Medical records of 175 individuals hospitalized for clinical and/or surgical treatment at a reference cardiology hospital from January to June 2017, attendants of the Speech-Language Pathology and Nutrition team, were analyzed. Of these, 100 records were included in the study: 41 females and 59 males (mean age 67.56 years). Deaths and individuals from 0 to 18 years were excluded. Stroke, malnutrition, age and prolonged orotracheal intubation were considered predictive risk factors for oropharyngeal dysphagia. Mann-Whitney test and Fisher's test were used for statistical analysis. Results: Stroke (OR=2.93 p=0.02), malnutrition (OR=2.89 p=0.02) and prolonged orotracheal intubation (OR=3.94 p=0.02) were statistically significant predictors for oropharyngeal dysphagia within this population. Age below 80 years was not significant (p=0.06), but within octogenarians, significance was found (p=0.033). Conclusion: Stroke, malnutrition, prolonged orotracheal intubation and age > 80 years are predictive risk factors for oropharyngeal dysphagia in adult population with cardiovascular diseases

Overlap syndrome of systemic lupus erythematosus and systemic sclerosis in a person living with HIV: the paradox of immunodeficiency and autoimmunity coming together / Síndrome de overlap entre lupus eritematoso sistêmico e esclerose sístemica em pessoa vivendo com HIV: o paradoxo da imunodeficiência e autoimunidade

The existence of autoimmune dysfunction in HIV/AIDS patients is intriguing. Many cases are being reported around the world of the combination of HIV with systemic autoimmune diseases. We report a case of an HIV-infected patient that presented alopecia, symmetric polyarthritis, skin thickening and raynaud’s phenomenon. Diagnosis of overlap syndrome of SS and SLE was made and treatment with prednisone, methotrexate and nifedipine started. No HIV flare was documented

Staphylococcus spp. and mecA gene in pregnant women: a neglected health risk to mother and child

This study aimed to determine the phenotypic, molecular and epidemiological profile of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus spp. in pregnant women. Were included 100 asymptomatic pregnant women between 16 and 38 years old, who underwent microbiological examination by collecting a vaginal swab at the first trimester of pregnancy. The isolates were subjected to isolation, characterization, phenotypic and molecular tests were performed. Among the samples analyzed, were detected coagulase-negative Staphylococcus in 83%, coagulase-positive Staphylococcus, 6% and Streptococcus spp. in 5%, and there was no bacterial growth in 6%. The antibiotics that showed the highest resistance were amoxicillin + clavulanic acid and sulfamethoxazole + trimethoprim (92.77%) in coagulase-negative Staphylococcus and penicillin and sulfamethoxazole + trimethoprim in coagulase-positive Staphylococcus (100%), where in the latter S. aureus was the species identified in 66.67% of the samples. As for the identification of the mecA gene in Staphylococcus spp. samples, this gene was detected in 40.5% of the samples of coagulase-negative Staphylococcus, and it was not detected in the samples of coagulase-positive Staphylococcus. The epidemiological study showed that prior treatment with antibiotics was significantly (p≤0.016) associated with oxacillin resistance in vaginal swab samples. The presence of the mecA gene in coagulase-negative Staphylococcus isolates demonstrated a bacterial profile in this type of biological sample, different from what is already presented in the scientific literature. New studies are warranted to understand the epidemiology of the bacterial species involved and later to implement health education actions both in the target population and in health care professionals

IMAGENS DE CONTROLE E ACESSO DE MULHERES NEGRAS À SAÚDE

Introduction: In Brazil, Black individuals disproportionately face negative health indicators, such as premature mortality, high rates of maternal and infant mortality, chronic and infectious diseases, and violence. Objective: To explore the health challenges faced by Black women in Brazil, highlighting the influence of intersecting oppressions. This essay analyzes the health-disease-care process in Black women and the potential impacts of intersecting oppressions related to gender, race, class, and other factors on their health. Method: Reflective analysis, examining the experiences of Black women and the barriers that limit their access to health services. Reflective analysis involves a critical assessment of personal and professional experiences, allowing for a deeper understanding of the issues under study. In this case, intersectionality is used as an analytical lens to examine how gender, race, class, and other identity factors intersect to create unique health and illness experiences. Results: It was identified that coloniality, a system of power perpetuating racial discrimination, contributes to the marginalization of Black women. Additionally, it was observed that Black women face various forms of oppression that adversely affect their health and access to healthcare. Conclusion: It is essential to adopt intersectional approaches to address health inequalities. In conclusion, the need for intersectional approaches to tackle health disparities and anti-racist practices is emphasized to challenge coloniality and promote social justice.Introdução: No Brasil, as pessoas negras enfrentam desproporcionalmente indicadores de saúde negativos, como mortalidade precoce, altas taxas de mortalidade materna e infantil, doenças crônicas, infecciosas e violência. Objetivo: Explorar os desafios de saúde enfrentados pelas mulheres negras no Brasil, destacando a influência das opressões interseccionais. Este ensaio analisa o processo saúde-doença-cuidado em mulheres negras e potenciais impactos das opressões interseccionais de gênero, raça, classe e outros em sua saúde. Método: Análise reflexiva, examinando as experiências das mulheres negras e as barreiras que limitam seu acesso aos serviços de saúde. A análise reflexiva envolve uma avaliação crítica das experiências pessoais e profissionais, permitindo uma compreensão mais profunda das questões em estudo. Neste caso, utilizamos a interseccionalidade como lente analítica para examinar como gênero, raça, classe e outros fatores de identidade se cruzam para criar experiências únicas de saúde e doença. Resultados: Foi identificado que a colonialidade, um sistema de poder que perpetua a discriminação racial, contribui para a marginalização das mulheres negras. Além disso, observou-se que as mulheres negras enfrentam várias formas de opressão que afetam adversamente sua saúde e acesso aos cuidados de saúde. Conclusão: É essencial adotar abordagens interseccionais para abordar as desigualdades de saúde. Em conclusão, destaca-se a necessidade de abordagens interseccionais para enfrentar as desigualdades em saúde e práticas antirracistas como forma de desafiar a colonialidade e promover a justiça social

Effectiveness of the use of non-woven face mask to prevent coronavirus infections in the general population : a rapid systematic review

O objetivo deste artigo é avaliar a eficácia das máscaras faciais padrão tecido não tecido (TNT) para a prevenção de doenças respiratórias (MERS CoV, SARS-CoV e SARS-CoV-2) na população. Foi realizada busca nas bases de dados Medline, Embase, Cinahl, The Cochrane Library, Trip. Também busca complementar no Google Acadêmico, Rayyan e medRxiv. Não foram aplicados filtros relacionados a data, idioma ou status de publicação. Títulos e resumos foram rastreados e, posteriormente, textos completos foram avaliados. Foram incluídos três estudos: um ensaio clínico randomizado tipo cluster e duas revisões sistemáticas. O ensaio clínico indica benefício potencial de máscaras médicas para controle da fonte de infecção, para a doença respiratória clínica. Em uma das revisões sistemáticas, não foi possível estabelecer relação conclusiva entre uso da máscara e proteção contra infecção respiratória. Por fim, outra revisão sistemática demonstrou que máscaras são eficazes na prevenção da propagação de vírus respiratórios. As evidências apontam para benefício potencial das máscaras faciais padrão TNT. Para o cenário atual de pandemia por COVID 19, recomenda-se educação sobre uso adequado de máscaras, associado a medidas individuais de proteção.Objectives: to evaluate the effectiveness of non-woven face masks for the prevention of respiratory infections (MERS CoV, SARS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2) in the population. Methods: search in Medline, Embase, Cinahl, The Cochrane Library, Trip databases. Google Scholar, Rayyan and medRxiv were also consulted for complementary results. No filters related to date, language or publication status were applied. Titles and abstracts were screened, and later, full texts were evaluated. Results: three studies were included: a randomized cluster clinical trial and two systematic reviews. The clinical trial indicates a potential benefit of medical masks to control the source of clinical respiratory disease infection. In one of the systematic reviews, it was not possible to establish a conclusive relationship between the use of the mask and protection against respiratory infection. Finally, another systematic review indicated that masks are effective in preventing the spread of respiratory viruses. Conclusion: Evidence points to the potential benefit of standard non-woven face masks. For the current pandemic scenario of COVID-19, education on the appropriate use of masks associated with individual protection measures is recommended

Mapping the tuberculosis scientific landscape among BRICS countries: a bibliometric and network analysis

BACKGROUND The five BRICS (Brazil, Russian, Indian, China, and South Africa) countries bear 49% of the world’s tuberculosis (TB) burden and they are committed to ending tuberculosis. OBJECTIVES The aim of this paper is to map the scientific landscape related to TB research in BRICS countries. METHODS Were combined bibliometrics and social network analysis techniques to map the scientific publications related to TB produced by the BRICS. Was made a descriptive statistical data covering the full period of analysis (1993-2016) and the research networks were made for 2007-2016 (8,366 records). The bubble charts were generated by VantagePoint and the networks by the Gephi 0.9.1 software (Gephi Consortium 2010) from co-occurrence matrices produced in VantagePoint. The Fruchterman-Reingold algorithm provided the networks’ layout. FINDINGS During the period 1993-2016, there were 38,315 peer-reviewed, among them, there were 11,018 (28.7%) articles related by one or more authors in a BRICS: India 38.7%; China 23.8%; South Africa 21.1%; Brazil 13.0%; and Russia 4.5% (The total was greater than 100% because our criterion was all papers with at least one author in a BRICS). Among the BRICS, there was greater interaction between India and South Africa and organisations in India and China had the highest productivity; however, South African organisations had more interaction with countries outside the BRICS. Publications by and about BRICS generally covered all research areas, especially those in India and China covered all research areas, although Brazil and South Africa prioritised infectious diseases, microbiology, and the respiratory system. MAIN CONCLUSIONS An overview of BRICS scientific publications and interactions highlighted the necessity to develop a BRICS TB research plan to increase efforts and funding to ensure that basic science research successfully translates into products and policies to help end the TB epidemic

Abordagens terapêuticas inovadoras na gestão da dor crônica: uma síntese de evidências

Inovações terapêuticas, como o uso de células-tronco mesenquimais e plasma rico em plaquetas, oferecem avanços promissores na gestão da dor crônica, proporcionando não apenas alívio imediato, mas também abordando as causas subjacentes para melhorar a qualidade de vida dos pacientes. Este estudo teve como objetivo desenvolver uma síntese de evidências sobre abordagens terapêuticas inovadoras na gestão da dor crônica. Nesse sentido, foi desenvolvida uma revisão sistemática da literatura, utilizando Scielo, Lilacs e Medline como bases de dados. A partir da análise qualitativa dos resultados, concluiu-se que abordagens terapêuticas inovadoras, como fisioterapia, terapias cognitivo-comportamentais e intervenções farmacológicas específicas, são eficazes na gestão da dor crônica. A ênfase na personalização do tratamento, considerando a diversidade da condição, destaca-se como crucial para otimizar resultados