A slaughterhouse study on prevalence of sheep liver helminths in region of Sarajevo

Sažetak Svrha ovog istraživanja je bila odrediti prevalenciju heminata jetre zaklanih ovaca na području Sarajeva. Istraživanje je provedeno na ukupno 699 domaćih ovaca pasmine pramenka, različitog spola i starosti. Nakon parazitološke sekcije, vizualnog pregleda i palpacije jetre, učestalost pojave velikog metilja Fasciola hepatica, malog metilja Dicrocoelium dendriticum, hidatidnih cista Echinococcus granulosus i ikrice Cisticercus tenuicollis je bila 54,2%, 74,1%, 22,6% i 12,5%. Rezultati ovog istraživanja ukazuju da je infestiranost ovim parazitskim vrstama trematoda i razvojnim oblicima cestoda kod zaklanih ovaca prisutna u visokom stupnju, što je od velike važnosti za zdravlje ljudiThe aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of trematodes and cestodoses in slaughtered sheep from the region of Sarajevo. The study was carried out on a total of 699 indigenous sheep of pramenka breed, of various sex and age. After parasitological section, visual examination and palpation of the liver, the prevalence rate of Fasciola hepatica, Dicrocoelium dendriticum, hydatid cysts of Echinococcus granulosus and Cisticercus tenuicollis was 54.2%, 74.1%, 22.6% and 12.5%, respectively. The results of this research indicate that the infestation with these parasitic species and larval forms in slaughtered sheep are present at a high level, which has a great health and economic importance in the region of Sarajevo

Achievements and priorities in aquaculture and health management of aquatic organisms in Bosnia and Herzegovina

Sažetak U radu je prikazano trenutno stanje u akvakulturi u Bosni i Hercegovini, uzimajući u obzir dugu tradiciju u ribarstvu i globalni rast u akvakulturi. Uz osnovne informacije o hidrografiji i ihtiofauni, u radu su izneseni i podaci o proizvodnji konzumne ribe i školjki, ukupna proizvodnja po pojedinim kategorijama ribe i ribljih proizvoda, izvoznim kapacitetima, organizaciji privatnog sektora, te analizi akvakulture s osvrtom na izazove u budućnosti.The paper presents the current condition in aquaculture of Bosnia and Herzegovina, taking into account a long tradition in fishery and a global growth in aquaculture. Along with basic information on hydrography and ichthyofauna, the paper also presents information on the production of fish and shellfish intended for human consumption, total production per certain categories of fish and fish products, export capacities, organization of private sector and aquaculture analysis with an overview of future challenges

The importance of coordinated monitoring in the control of outbreaks and expansion of wildlife diseases in Bosnia and Herzegovina

U radu je prikazana problematika provođenja mjera u kontroli zdravstvenog stanja divljači kao izvora i vektora zaraznih bolesti. Kontrola pojave i širenja bolesti divljači u Bosni i Hercegovini. Kako još uvijek nisu poznate stvarne direktne štete uzrokovane bolestima divljači a niti one nastale lovnim gospodarenjem naglašava se važnost monitoringa divljači za cijelo područje zemlje. Analiza pojedinačnih uzoraka uginule divljači odnosi se u stvari samo na sporadične slučajeve koji ne daju uvida u postotni udio neke bolesti, a indikativni su samo tek kada se na nekom području epidemija razvije. U uspostavi monitoringa naglašena je dobro osmišljena i kvalitetna koordinacija veterinarske i lovne struke.The paper presents the topic of conducting measures in the control of health condition of game as the source and vectors of infectious diseases. The control of appearance and spreading of game disease in Bosnia and Herzegovina. As the real direct damages caused by game diseases, as well as those appearing by hunting are still unknown, the importance of game monitoring for the entire country is emphasized. The analysis of individual samples of dead animals is actually related only to sporadic cases which can not give an insight to percentage of some disease, and they are indicative only when the epidemics is developed in some area. A well designed coordination of high quality in veterinary and hunting field is emphasized in establishing monitoring

Presenza dell’Anisakis spp. in Bosnia ed Erzegovina

Anisakijaza je zoonotsko oboljenje ljudi, uzrokovano trećim larvalnim stadijem nematoda iz familije Anisakidae. Najznačajnije vrste koje uzrokuju zoonozu i zdravstvene probleme kod ljudi su Anisakis simplex, A. pegreffii i Pseudoterranova decipiens. Ove parazitske vrste su prisutne i raširene u morima cijeloga svijeta. U životnom ciklusu nematoda iz familije Anisakidae čovjek je slučajni domaćin. U posljednjih deset godina u BiH, ispitivanja na prisustvo L3 infektivnih larvi većinom su obavljena na Odjeljenju za akvakulturu Veterinarskog instituta, Veterinarskog fakulteta Univerziteta u Sarajevu. U odnosu na tržište BiH, broj analiziranih uzoraka nije velik, ali je trend pozitivnih uzoraka kontinuiran. Od ukupno 707 pregledanih uzoraka, 153 uzorka su bila pozitivna na prisustvo Anisakis spp. U istraživanjima je po prvi put registrirano prisustvo Anisakis simplex u morskoj ribi porijeklom iz uzgoja i iz otvorenog mora u Neumskom zaljevu u BiH. S javnozdravstvenog aspekta takva riba predstavlja zoonotski rizik od anisakijaze i smatra se zdravstveno neispravnom i štetnom po zdravlje ljudi, te se nikako ne bi smjela pronaći na tržištu i biti dostupna konzumentima.Anisakiasis is a zoonotic disease of humans, caused by the third larval stage of nematodes from the Anisakidae family. The most important species causing zoonosis and health problems in humans are Anisakis simplex, A. pegreffii and Pseudoterranova decipiens. These parasitic species are present and widespread in the seas of the whole world. In the life cycle of nematodes from the family Anisakidae, human is an accidental host. In the last ten years in Bosnia and Herzegovina, analysis for the presence of L3 infective larvae were mostly carried out at the Aquaculture Department of the Veterinary Institute, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sarajevo. The analyzed samples are not numerous in relation to the B&H market, but the trend of positive samples is continuous. Out of a total of 707 examined samples, 153 samples were positive for the presence of Anisakis spp. The presence of Anisakis simplex in farmed and open-sea marine fish was registered for the first time in the Bay of Neum in B&H. From the public health aspect, such fish represent a zoonotic risk of anisakiasis and are considered unhealthy and harmful to human health, and should never be found on the market or available to consumers. Key words: zoonosis, anisakiasis, fishnisakiasis ist eine Zoonose des Menschen, die durch das dritte Larvenstadium von Nematoden aus der Familie der Anisakidae verursacht wird. Die wichtigsten Arten, die Zoonosen und Gesundheitsprobleme beim Menschen verursachen, sind Anisakis simplex, A. pegreffii und Pseudoterranova decipiens. Diese parasitären Arten sind in den Meeren der ganzen Welt vertreten und weit verbreitet. Im Lebenszyklus der Nematoden aus der Familie der Anisakidae ist der Mensch ein zufälliger Wirt. In den letzten zehn Jahren wurden in Bosnien und Herzegowina Analysen auf das Vorhandensein von infektiösen L3-Larven hauptsächlich in der Aquakulturabteilung des Veterinärinstituts der Veterinärmedizinischen Fakultät der Universität Sarajevo durchgeführt. Die untersuchten Proben sind im Vergleich zum Markt von Bosnien und Herzegowina nicht sehr zahlreich, aber der Trend zu positiven Proben ist kontinuierlich. Von den insgesamt 707 untersuchten Proben waren 153 Proben positiv auf das Vorhandensein von Anisakis spp. Das Vorkommen von Anisakis simplex bei gezüchteten Fischen und Fischen aus dem offenen Meer wurde zum ersten Mal in der Bucht von Neum in Bosnien und Herzegowina registriert. Aus Sicht der öffentlichen Gesundheit stellen solche Fische ein Zoonoserisiko für Anisakiasis dar und gelten als ungesund und schädlich für die menschliche Gesundheit und sollten daher niemals auf den Markt kommen oder den Verbrauchern angeboten werden.La anisakiasis es una enfermedad zoonótica, causada por el tercer estadio larvario de nematodos de la familia Anisakidae. Las especies más importantes que causan zoonosis y problemas de salud en humanos son Anisakis simplex, A. pegreffii y Pseudoterranova decipiens. Estas especies parásitas están presentes y esparcidas en los mares de todo el mundo. En el ciclo de vida de los nematodos de la familia Anisakidae, el ser humano es un huésped accidental. En los últimos diez años en Bosnia y Herzegovina, los análisis de la presencia de larvas infectivas L3 se llevaron a cabo principalmente en el Departamento de Acuicultura del Instituto Veterinario de la Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria de la Universidad de Sarajevo. Las muestras analizadas no son numerosas en relación al mercado de Bosnia y Herzegovina, pero la tendencia de muestras positivas es continua. De un total de 707 muestras examinadas, 153 muestras resultaron positivas a la presencia de Anisakis spp. La presencia de Anisakis simplex en peces marinos de cultivo y de mar abierto fue registrada por primera vez en la Bahía de Neum en Bosnia y Herzegovina. Desde el punto de vista de la salud pública, dichos pescados representan un riesgo zoonótico de anisakiasis y se consideran insalubres y perjudiciales para la salud humana, y nunca deben encontrarse en el mercado o disponibles para los consumidores.L’anisakiasi è una malattia zoonotica dell’uomo, causata dal terzo stadio larvale dei nematodi della famiglia degli Anisakidae. Le specie più importanti che causano zoonosi e problemi di salute nell’uomo sono l’Anisakis simplex, l’A. pegreffii e la Pseudoterranova decipiens. Queste specie parassitarie sono presenti e diffuse nei mari di tutto il mondo. Nel ciclo vitale dei nematodi della famiglia Anisakidae, l’uomo è un ospite accidentale. Negli ultimi dieci anni in Bosnia ed Erzegovina, i test volti ad accertare la presenza di larve infettive L3 sono stati per lo più effettuati presso il Dipartimento di Acquacoltura dell’Istituto di Veterinaria della Facoltà di Medicina Veterinaria presso l’Università degli studi di Sarajevo. Rispetto al mercato della Bosnia ed Erzegovina, il numero di campioni analizzati non è elevato, ma l’andamento dei campioni positivi è continuo. Su un totale di 707 campioni esaminati, 153 campioni sono risultati positivi alla presenza di Anisakis spp. La ricerca ha registrato per la prima volta la presenza di Anisakis simplex nei pesci di allevamento e di mare aperto provenienti dalla baia di Neum, in Bosnia ed Erzegovina. Dal punto di vista della salute pubblica, tale pesce rappresenta un rischio zoonotico (rischio di anisakiasi). Poiché è considerato nocivo e dannoso per la salute umana, non dovrebbe mai trovarsi sul mercato ed essere accessibile ai consumatori

Tannins from Sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa)

Ekstrakt drveta pitomog kestena je smjesa taninskih i netaninskih komponenti. Od taninskih komponenti najzastupljeniji glikozidi su kastalagin i veskalagin, koji su i najvažniji, jer imaju terapijsko djelovanje. Tijekom provedenih in vitro i in vivo ispitivanja ustvrđeno je da tanini ekstrakta drveta pitomog kestena imaju antidiuretsko, adstringentno, antivirusno, antimikrobno, antiprotozoalno i antihelmintičko djelovanje. Isto tako djeluju i kao antikancerogene tvari. Tanini učestvuju u interakciji s membranskim strukturama nekih mikroorganizama pa na taj način izazivaju smanjenje permeabiliteta stanične membrane. Ovo antimikrobno djelovanje je u prednosti u odnosu na djelovanje antibiotika, jer tanini izazivaju samo inhibiciju rasta mikroflore, ali ne i njenu destrukciju. Tanini unešeni p.o. u terapijskim koncentracijama (2-5%) se ne resorbiraju, tako da ne mogu izazvati farmakodinamičke učinke na drugim sustavima. U crijevima se hidrolizom potpuno biotransformiraju do polifenola (galne, digalne i elagne kiseline) i glukoze, kao osnovnih komponenti. U mokraći se mogu ustvrditi samo razgradni produkti tanina u obliku glukuronida. U terapijskim koncentracijama tanini vrlo slabo djeluju na kožu, dok na sluznice djeluju adstringentno. U većim koncentracijama mogu prouzročiti propadanje površnih pa i dubljih slojeva sluznica i granulacionog tkiva. Imajući u vidu činjenicu da ne pokazuju teratogene, kancerogene, niti mutagene učinke, može se zaključiti da su tanini sasvim sigurni prirodni lijekovi. Ako se ovom dodaju i njihova brojna korisna farmakodinamična djelovanja, onda se može zaključiti da bi se tanini trebali češće i obimnije upotrebljavati u veterinarskoj medicini.Extract of chestnut is a mixture of tannic and non-tannic components. The most common tannic components are the glycosides castalagin and vescalagin, which have a therapeutic effect. In conducted studies in vitro and in vivo, it was found that the tannin extract of chestnut has anti-diarrhoeal, astringent, antiviral, antimicrobial, antiprotozoal and anthelmintic properties. At the same time, it was found that the tannin extract of chestnut has anti-carcinogenic properties. Tannin interacts with the membrane structures of certain microorganisms, and thus decreases the permeability of the cell membrane. This antimicrobial activity is advantageous in terms of the action of antibiotics, because tannins only cause the inhibition of microflora growth but not its destruction. Ingested tannins at therapeutic concentrations (2- 5%) cannot be absorbed and so cannot cause pharmacodynamic effects on the other organic systems. In the intestines, by means of hydrolysis, they are completely biotransformed into polyphenols (gallic, digallic and elastic acids) and glucose. In the urine, only the degradation products of tannin in the form of glucuronide can be identified. In therapeutic concentrations, tannins have an insignificant effect on the skin, while on mucous membranes they act astringently. At higher concentrations, tannins may lead to degradation of superficial, and even deeper layers of mucous membranes and granulation tissue. Given that they do not show teratogenic, mutagenic or carcinogenic effects, everything indicates that tannins should be more often and more extensively used as safe veterinary drugs

Importance of clinical applications of thymol

Timol (2-izopropil-5 metilfenol) je prirodni spoj iz grupe monoterpenskih fenola. Ovi fenoli su prisutni u eteričnim uljima mnogih biljaka iz porodice Labiateae, koji se već stoljećima koriste u narodnoj medicini. Tijekom dugogodišnje uporabe, ustanovljeno je da timol ima, uz antiseptičko, spazmolitičko i antihelmintičko djelovanje. Antimikrobni spektar timola je širok, jer djeluje na Gram-pozitivne i Gram-negativne bakterije, gljivice i kvasnice. Kao prirodna alternativa antibioticima, za razliku od brojnih antibiotika s baktericidnim djelovanjem, napada organele bakterije, posebice enzime respiratornih organa, koji su vezani za mezosome stanične membrane. Na ovaj način dolazi do potpunog uništavanja patogenih aerobnih bakterija, jer dolazi do blokiranja staničnog disanja (respiracije) i smrti bakterije. Danas se timol s uspjehom koristi kako u humanoj, tako i u veterinarskoj medicini. U veterinarskoj se praksi koristi u različitih vrsta životinja u terapiji respiratornih bolesti, a naročito u pčelarstvu, jer ima dobar akaricidni učinak u vrlo malim koncentracijama. Točan mehanizam akaricidnog djelovanja timola još uvijek nije dovoljno poznat. Smatra se da je neurotoksično djelovanje timola na oktopaminergičke neurone grinja i kukaca posredovano GABA(A)-R receptorima. Najvjerojatnije da je ugibanje grinja posljedica njihovog gušenja. Timol se brzo resorbira iz gastrointestinalnog sustava, metabolizira oksidacijom i glukuronidacijom te brzo (u prva 24 sata od aplikacije) izlučuje putem urina i to manjim dijelom u nepromijenjenom i većim dijelom u obliku glukuronida i/ ili konjugiranih sulfata. Timol je prirodna i sigurna aktivnu tvar za koju nije potrebno utvrđivati MRL te je uvršten Aneksom II u listu tvari bez karencije. U istraživanjima provedenim na nekim pčelinjim proizvodima (med i vosak) provjeravane su rezidue timola, te je ustvrđeno da timol, kao prirodna tvar predstavlja dobru alternativu sintetičkim akaricidima, naročito zbog toga što ne predstavljaju rizik po zdravlje. Pri procjeni rizika Stručnog vijeća za arome Vijeća Europe 1992., određena je gornja granica za timol u hrani od 50 mg/kg, a u piću od 10 mg/ kg. Tijekom kliničkih ispitivanja različitih ljekovitih pripravaka koji sadržavaju timol na pčelinjim zajednicama nisu zabilježeni štetni učinci nakon primjene u terapijskim koncentracijama. Timol ne djeluje teratogeno, kancerogeno niti mutageno.Thymol (2-isopropyl-5-methylphenol) is a natural compound from a group of monotherpentinic phenols. These phenols are present in the essential oils of many plants of the Labiateae family, which are used in the folk medicine for centuries. During this long-term period, it is established that thymol has, together with antiseptic and spasmolytic, also antihelmintic action. Thymol antimicrobial spectrum is wide because it acts on Gram-positive and Gram- negative bacteria, fungi and yeasts. As a natural alternative to antibiotics, unlike many traditional antibiotics with bactericidal action, thymol attacks bacterial organelles, especially respiratory chain enzymes, which are linked to mesosomes of the cell membranes, which leads to complete destruction of pathogenic aerobic bacteria results due to a blockage of the cellular respiration and death of the bacteria. During numerous in vitro and in vivo studies conducted with thymol, it has been proved that thymol has antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, spasmolytic and anthelmintic effects. It has a wide spectrum of effects against both, Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, yeasts and molds. Nowadays, thymol is used successfully both in human and in veterinary medicine. In veterinary practice, it is used with different species of animals in the treatment of respiratory diseases. Also, it is widely used in beekeeping as a good acaricide at very low concentrations. The exact mechanism of acaridical action of thymol is still not sufficiently known. General idea is that timol acaricidal action is mediated via GABA (A) receptor-R, leading to a neurotoxic effect on the octopaminergic nerves of ticks and insects. Most likely, the death of the ticks is the result of their choking. Thymol is rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal system, metabolized by oxidation and glucuronidation, and rapidly (in the first 24 hours of application) excreted via urine, and to a small extent in the unchanged and in large part in the form of glucuronides and / or conjugated sulphates. Additionally, it was found that thymol is quickly reabsorbed from the site of administration, promptly metabolized and rapidly excreted from the organism. Thymol is a natural and safe active substance for which MRL is not established, and it is listed in Annex II of the List of substances without withdrawal period. During the investigation of thymol residues in some bee products (honey and wax) it was found that treatments with this natural substance can be considered to be good alternatives for synthetic acaricides, especially because they do not represent a sanitary risk. Thymol has been evaluated 1992 by the Committee of Expert on Flavorings Substances of the Council of Europe. Thymol is listed among the substances that are permitted as flavouring agents. An upper limit for inclusion of thymol in food has been established at 50 mg/kg and in beverages at 10 mg/kg. During clinical trials of the various medicinal preparations containing thymol on bee-keeping communities, at the established therapeutic concentrations, no adverse effects have been observed. Thymol did not show any theratogenic, mutagenic or carcinogenic effects

Infestazione con il Dicrocoelium dendriticum e con la Fasciola hepatica sul terreno di caccia dei cervi della speciale riserva naturale Gornje podunavlje (lungo Danubio)

Sažetak Metiljavost (fascioloidoza) je parazitsko oboljenje jetre koje se javlja kod jelena u ritskim ravničarsko šumskim lovištima, rjeđe u planinskim. Uzročnici ove bolesti su dvije vrste metilja, koje pripadaju skupini plosnatih crva, i to veliki (Fasciola hepatica seu Distomum hepaticum) i mali metilj (Dicrocoelium dendriticum). Cilj rada je bio utvrditi utjecaj razvoja bolesti na brojnost jelenske divljači, postupke i mogućnosti liječenja, brojnost jelena nakon primjene lijeka tijekom nekoliko godina, kao i utjecaj ove bolesti na kvalitetu turističke ponude u lovištu specijalnog rezervata prirode "Gornje podunavlje“. Po procjeni lovnih stručnjaka i zdravstvenog stanja odstrijeljenih jelena, invadiranost je stalno rasla, od početnih 20% do konačnih 90%. Metiljavost je nedvosmisleno utjecala na pogoršanje ukupnog zdravstvenog stanja populacije jelena, s vrlo visokim stupnjem smrtnosti. Situacija se počela značajno mijenjati 2006. godine, kada se pristupilo tretmanu jelena s antiparazitskim prepartom (Albendazol) i to putem koncentrirane hrane i soli. Primjena ovakvog tretmana je dala vrlo dobre rezultate.Fluke (fascioliasis) is a parasitic liver disease that occurs in deer in flatland forest and wetland plain hunting areas, rarely in the mou- ntain. The causes of this disease are two types of liver fluke, which belong to a group of flatworms: large fluke (Fasciola hepatica seu Distomum hepaticum) and small (or lancet) fluke (Dicrocoelium dendriticum). The aim of this study was to determine: (a) the impact of disease progression in the number of deer population, methods and treatment options, deer population number after a number of drug treatment continuously over several years, so as the impact of this deer disease at the quality of tourism offer in the area of Spe- cial Nature Reserve “Gornje podunavlje”. According to hunting experts’ estimation, based on established health condition of hunted deer, fluke occupancy has steadily increased, from initial 20% up to 90%. Fluke has, undoubtedly, contributed to the overall health status deterioration of deer population, with very high mortality outcome. The situation has significantly changed in 2006, when the deer ware approached with an anti-parasitic (Albendazole) treatment mixed in a concentrated feed and salt. This treatment showed itself to be very successful.Zusammenfassung Leberegelkrenkheit (Fascioliasis) ist eine Parasitenkrankheit der Leber, die bei den Hirschen im Moorland in ebenen Waldjagdgebie- ten, selten in gebirgigen Gebieten, vorkommt. Die Erreger dieser Krankheit sind zwei Leberegel , die in die Gruppe der flachen Würme gehören, u.zw. der große Leberegel (Fasciola hepatica seu Distomum hepaticum) und der kleine Leberegel (Dicrocoelium dendriti- cum). Das Ziel der Untersuchung war (a), den Einfluss der Krankheitsentwicklung auf die Zahl von Hirschwild festzustellen, Art und Möglichkeiten der ärztlichen Behandlung und die Zahl nach der erfolgten Behandlung mit Medikamenten in Kontinuität durch einige Jahren zu bestimmen. Man sollte auch feststellen, welchen Einfluss diese Erkrankung der Hirsche auf die Qualität des touristischen Angebotes im Jagdgebiet im Naturspezialreservat "Gornje podunavlje“ hat. Nach der Schätzung der Jagdexperten und auf Grund des festgestellten Gesundheitszustand der abgeschossenen Hirsche, wuchs der Grad der Krankheit von anfänglichen 20 % auf 90 %. Die Leberegelkrankheit beeinflusste ohne Zweifel negativ den gesamten Gesundheitszusand der Hirsche, mit einem hohen Grad der Mor- talität. Die Situation änderte sich bedeutend, als die Hirsche 2006 mit dem Antiparasitenpräparat (Albendazol) behandelt wurden, dies durch das konzentrierte Futter und durch Salz. Die Anwendung dieser Behandlung erzielte gute Resultate.Sommario La fasciolosi è una malattia da parassita del fegato che si incontra dai cervi sui terreni di caccia del tipo boschivo in pianura, raramen- te in montagna. La causa di questa malattia sono due tipi della fasciola che appartengono al gruppo di platelminta: sono la fasciola grande (Fasciola hepatica seu Distomum hepaticum) e la fasciola piccola (Dicrocoelium dendriticum). Lo scopo di questa ricerca era determinare l’impatto negativo dello sviluppo di malattia al numero di cervi, ai modi e le possibilità della loro guarigione, e il loro numero dopo l’applicazione continua del rimedio durante alcuni anni, ma si voleva anche studiare l’influsso di questa malattia alla qualità dell’offerta turistica nell’ambito del terreno di caccia dei cervi della speciale riserva naturale Gornje podunavlje. Gli esperti di caccia hanno determinato sui campioni di cervi cacciati un aumento continuo del numero di cervi contagiati, dal 20% iniziale fino al (!) 90% finale. Grazie alla fasciolosi le condizioni salute della popolazione di cervi sono molto peggiorate e hanno avuto una percen- tuale alta di mortalità. La situazione è notevolmente cambiata nel 2006 quando gli professionisti hanno applicato l’antiparassitario Albendazol negli alimenti concentrati e nel sale. I risultati sono stati molto soddisfacenti

Prof. dr. Ramiz Velić

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