Molecular Markers in gingival crevicular fluid in children with primary immunodeficiencies.

Aims and Objectives: To profile the changes in cytokines, chemokines and growth factors in GCF sampled from 13 children with neutrophil related PIDs (test) before and after non-surgical periodontal therapy compared with 15 systemically healthy children (controls). Materials and methods: GCF samples from 13 test patients and 15 control patients were analysed with Luminex assay to assess changes in the expression of 12 biomarkers from baseline to 6 months follow-up post treatment for the test group. Luminex assays were used to determine the levels of selected biomarkers (CCL11/Eotaxin, IL-alpha, IL-6, IL-23, MMP-8, IFN-gamma, IL-beta, IL-17, TNF alpha, CCL5/RANTES, MPO,MMP-1). Results: Luminex assay showed that at 6 months following non surgical periodontal therapy there was reduction with some of the analyte biomarkers specifically in patients with PID that were diagnosed with either periodontitis or ginigivitis. Also, there was improvement in clinical parameters including Probing Pocket Depth (PPD) and Clinical Attachment Loss (CAL) following NSPT at 6 months. Conclusion: Overall, this observational pilot study demonstrated an association between the analysed biomarkers and periodontal disease within patients diagnosed with PID’s. Most biomarkers showed changes in several parameters in terms of CAL and PPD after receiving non-surgical periodontal therapy. Our study identified some differences within the levels of IL-1β, MMP-8, MPO, IL-6 and IL-1α in children with PID’s with different oral statuses (gingivitis, periodontitis, healthy) and plaque scores and type of PID’s compared to control subjects. However, the use of greater sample size with an expanded age group would further validate and strengthen the evidence within this study with PID patients with periodontitis