Tetrad bubble domain chip arrangement for multiplexing

Rotating magnetic field of bubble domain memory is used to obtain time-division multiplexing of bubble domain circuits into quadrants. Memory bits are assigned on bit-per-chip rather than bit-per-module basis; power is reduced by circulating only portion of bubbles at a time

Redundancy approaches in bubble domain memories

Fabrication of integrated circuit chips to compensate for faulty memory elements is discussed. Procedure for testing chips to determine extent of redundancy and faults is described. Mathematical model to define operation is presented. Schematic circuit diagram of test equipment is provided

Quantifying the Effects of Guessing, Position Bias and Prior Knowledge in Multiple Choice Exams

“Can an examinee pass a multiple-choice (MC) exam by chance?” Many studies have tried to address this question. However, these studies ignore different types of position bias associated with picking an item from a list. Despite the presence of considerable evidence on the existence of position bias in guessing answers in MC exams, these studies assume an examinee chooses answers with equal probability. This paper seeks to fill this gap by quantifying the chance of success in MC exams due to guessing when different types of position bias and prior knowledge are taken into consideration. The paper proposes a probabilistic model for position bias and uses it to conduct a series of computer simulations for quantifying the chance of passing an MC exam. Results show that the chance of passing an MC exam by pure random guessing is generally negligible even for a poorly set MC exam. Furthermore, resultsshow that chances for an examinee with a fair amount of prior knowledge passing an MC exam of acceptable standard are between very high and perfect. Since a typical examinee is expected to possess some amount of prior knowledge, these results imply that despite their popularity, MCexams should be avoided particularly in high-stake exams where they can lead to false positives. Keywords:     Multiple-choice exams; multiple-choice questions; position bias; computer simulation

Photovoltaic effects in cadmium telluride- mercury telluride heterostructures

Photovoltaic effects in cadmium telluride-mercury telluride heterostructure

Effects of Cadmium on Rumen Fermentation and Nutrient Digestibility Using Dual Flow Continuous Culture System

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different doses of cadmium on fermentation characterization and nutrient digestibility using dual flow continuous culture system. Eight dual-flow, continuous culture fermenters were used in 2 replicated periods of 10 d (7 d of adaptation and 3 d of sampling). Fermenters were inoculated with a composited ruminal fluid from 3 beef steers fed a high concentrate diet for at least 2 mo before the beginning of the trial. Anaerobic conditions were maintained by the infusion of N2 at a rate of 40 mL/min. Temperature (38.5°C) and liquid (10%/h) and solid (5%/h) dilution rates were kept constant. Fermenters were fed daily with 120 g dry matter in three equal portions. Treatments arranged as complete randomized block design with control and addition three levels of cadmium (0.1, 1 and 10 mg/l) to the high concentrate diet (15:85 forage to concentrate ratio). Organic matter, dry matter, NDF and ADF digestibility significantly decreased with the addition of 1 and 10 mg/l cadmium to the culture media compered to control treatment (P<0.05). Cadmium significantly decreased total volatile fatty acids concentration, acetate proportion and acetate to propionate ratio. Propionate and butyrate proportion increased significantly in response to cadmium addition (P<0.05). Concentration of NH3-N was significantly decreased in 1 and 10 mg/l cadmium treatments compared with control treatment. The results of this study suggest that cadmium in doses of 1 mg/l or more had strong inhibitory effect on mixed rumen microorganisms

Patients’ Concerns at Their Admission in Hospital and Its Related Factors in Kermanshah, Iran

Background: One of the critical factors affecting patients’ outcomes is their concerns about different issues during their admission to the hospital. Clarifying these concerns and providing appropriate approaches could improve the quality of care, result in better outcomes, and reduce treatment costs. The present study aimed to investigate patients’ concerns during hospitalization, and the likely related factors of the educational hospitals in Kermanshah, western Iran. Materials and Methods: This analytical-descriptive study included 600 adult patients selected via a multi-stage sampling method and admitted to all four educational hospitals affiliated to Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences )KUMS) in 2016. Required data were collected using a survey with 15 questions on demographic information, current disease, medical records, and a researcher-developed questionnaire on factors causing concern in the Likert scale. Results: Of 600 patients who participated in the survey, 336 (56%) were female and 486 )81%) were married. The most frequent concerns were the length of admission, failure in treatment or recovery, and hospital costs, respectively. The length of hospital stay, income, and level of education were significantly associated with the concern scores. Also, there was a significant difference between concern score distributions in groups with a definite diagnosis of illnesses (P&lt;0.05). Conclusion: The results of this study suggested a correlation between variables such as education, income, the final diagnosis of a sickness, and the concern level of admitted patients. Our findings could help managers and hospital administrators better understand the concerns of admitted patients and find solutions to remove them.</jats:p

Penbactam for Helicobacter pylori eradication: A randomised comparison of quadruple and triple treatment schedules in an Iranian population

Background & study aims: Selection of the best drug regimens for eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection especially in patients at risk of peptic ulcer relapses and the development of complications is challenging. This study assessed and compared the efficacy of the two common PPI based triple therapies to a quadruple therapy including PPI, metronidazole, amoxicillin and a bismuth compound in Iranian population. Patients & Methods: Three hundred and thirty patients with peptic ulcer and H. pylori infection were included in the study. Patients were randomly assigned to one of the three treatment protocols all given twice daily: (a) A 14-day quadruple therapy (OMAB group) comprising omeprazole 20. mg, metronicazole 500. mg, amoxicillin 1. g, and bismuth subcitrate 240. mg; (b) A 14-day triple regimen (OCP group) comprising omeprazole 20. mg plus clarithromycine 500. mg and penbactam 750. mg and (c) A 14-day triple regimen (OCA group) comprising omeprazole 20. mg plus clarithromycine 500. mg and amoxicillin 1. g. Cure was defined as a negative urea breath test at least six weeks after treatment. Results: The per-protocol eradication rates achieved with both OCP regimen (87.0%) and OCA treatment (90.8%) were significantly higher than the OMAB treatment protocol (56.0%); however, no significant difference emerged in eradication rates between the two triple treatment schedules. No significant differences between the groups were found in most side-effects. Conclusion: Two-week quadruple therapy showed a lower eradication rate compared to common triple treatment schedules when used as first-line eradication treatment for H. pylori infection in Iranian population. © 2012 Arab Journal of Gastroenterology

Relationship between using cell phone and the risk of accident with motor vehicles: An analytical cross-sectional study

Purpose: Traffic accidents are one of the major health problems in the world, being the first cause of burden of illness and the second leading cause of death in Iran. The Sistan-Baluchestan province is one of the most accidental provinces of Iran with the highest rate of accidents-caused deaths. This study was conducted to determine the risk factors associated with traffic accidents in Zahedan through 2013 to 2016. Methods: This analytical cross-sectional study was carried out on 223 drivers from Zahedan who were traumatized by traffic accident and sent to Zahedan hospitals. The data were obtained through interviews taken by the trained interviewers via refereeing to the medical records and collected in the researcher-made checklist. Census was obtained from the study subjects. For data analysis, independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, Chi-square and logistic regression were used with the Stata software version 11.0. Results: In this study, 223 male subjects with the mean age of (32.54 ± 12.95) years, 39.8 single and 60.2 married, entered for investigation. Most accidents (38.8) occurred between 12:00 to 17:59. While driving, 47.1 of the study subjects were using cell phones, 89.1 had manual use of mobile phones, 21.9 had a habit of sending short message service (SMS) and 23.4 had sent SMS within 10 min before the accident. The one way analysis of variance showed that the mean age of individuals with marital status, driving experience, education and accident with motorcycle were significantly different (p < 0.05). Also, the multivariate logistic regression test indicated a significant relationship of smoking, ethnicity, insurance and SMS typing while driving with motorcycle accident (p < 0.05). Conclusion: In this study, SMS and smoking while driving had the highest risk among the variables studied in the motorcycle accidents. Therefore, effective education attempting to enhance people's awareness about the consequences of using cell phone and smoking during driving to reduce traffic accidents seems necessary. © 2020 Chinese Medical Associatio

A Simple and Efficient One-Pot Synthesis of 1,4-Dihydropyridine and Polyhydroquinoline Derivatives Using Phosphosulfonic Acid as a Heterogeneous Catalyst under Solvent-Free Conditions

Phosphosulfonic acid (PSA) was found to be an efficient catalyst for the one-pot three-component Hantzsch condensation reaction of arylaldehydes, ethylacetoacetate and ammonium acetate to afford the corresponding 1,4-dihydropyridine and polyhydroquinoline derivatives in high yields. PSA was also applied for the one-pot preparation of polyhydroquinolines via four-component reaction of arylaldehydes, ethylacetoacetates, dimedone and ammonium acetate. The main advantages of the present approach are short reaction times, clean reaction profiles, catalyst recyclability, and facile experimental and workup procedures