2 research outputs found

    EFFECTS OF LOAD CARRIAGE ON SHOULDER NEUROMUSCULAR FUNCTIONS AND RECOVERY

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    Load carriage is a primary source for injury occurrence among military personnel and recreational hikers affecting all body areas. The shoulder ranks as the second or third most common site of injuries among military personnel. Many studies report that elevations in self-reported fatigue, soreness, and discomfort in the shoulders accompany the load carriage. Almost 50% of military personnel experienced a load carriage injury during the first episode of training, and 75% of those injured suffered a second injury during their career. The goal of this research project is to investigate the components associated with load carriage shoulder symptoms to determine which factor is a more substantial contributor to the cause of shoulder pain and injury. The first purpose of this dissertation was to investigate the effect of load carriage on shoulder strength and endurance, nerve amplitude and latency, and shooting accuracy. Experimental comparison between the neuromuscular functions before and after the load carriage of 20.5 kg was investigated in the first and second study. The second purpose was to determine the recovery time needed for the neuromuscular measures that were affected with load carriage task. The first study demonstrated that load carriage caused a significant decrement in shoulder strength, shoulder endurance, and nerve amplitude. The second study demonstrated that the load carriage task resulted in decreased strength, yet recovered in thirty minutes. Similarly, a decrement in nerve amplitude resulted but recovered in five minutes. The results of these studies suggest that load carriage mainly causes physical fatigue which affects shoulder strength. Fatigue could compromise the ability to perform overhead physical tasks if sufficient recovery time is not permitted

    Elastic Resistance Effectiveness on Increasing Strength of Shoulders and Hips

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    Elastic resistance is a common training method used to gain strength. Currently, progression with elastic resistance is based on the perceived exertion of the exercise or completion of targeted repetitions; exact resistance is typically unknown. This study\u27s objective is to determine if knowledge of load during elastic resistance exercise will increase strength gains during exercises. Participants were randomized into two strength training groups, elastic resistance only and elastic resistance using a load cell (LC) that displays force during exercise. The LC group used a Smart Handle (Patterson Medical Supply, Chicago, IL) to complete all exercises. Each participant completed the same exercises three times weekly for 8 weeks. The LC group was provided with a set load for exercises whereas the elastic resistance only group was not. Participant\u27s strength was tested at baseline and program completion, measuring isometric strength for shoulder abduction (SAb), shoulder external rotation (SER), hip abduction (HAb), and hip extension (HEx). Independent t-tests were used to compare the normalized torques between groups. No significant differences were found between groups. Shoulder strength gains did not differ between groups (SAb p\u3e0.05; SER p\u3e0.05). Hip strength gains did not differ between groups (HAb p\u3e0.05; HEx p\u3e0.05). Both groups increased strength due to individual supervision, constantly evaluating degree of difficulty associated with exercise and providing feedback while using elastic resistance. Using a LC is as effective as supervised training and could provide value in a clinic setting when patients are working unsupervised
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