Does academia disfavor contextual and extraverted students

In a study conducted at Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU) 288 students volunteered to answer an electronic questionnaire constructed to classify their personality type (16 categories), their work habits and preferences, operational values and preferred direction (leadership). In addition exam grades from nine undergraduate subjects, some mathematical and some non-mathematical, were obtained for the same students. Statistical analyses revealed a clear connection between grades and some personality characteristics. This should by no means interpreted as differences in skills, but rather as an indication of biased teaching style and pedagogical structure in the university. The results show across all the nine subjects that the traditional teaching structure in universities with lectures in large auditoriums with limited dialog, a rigid and structured curriculum, textbook reading and paper-and-pencil tests, clearly disfavors students which can be characterized as extraverted and contextual/relational, and to some extent also those being intuitive and feeling. Among these students we typically find those being altruistic, creative and out-of-the box thinking. It is suggestive that academia, to probably a large extent, fail to bring such resourceful people to positions were their talents really can make a difference, for instance in research

PROFIL MODEL MENTAL SISWA PADA MATERI KELARUTAN DAN HASIL KALI KELARUTAN DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN TDM-POE

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh profil model mental siswa pada materi materi kelarutan dan hasil kali kelarutan. Subyek penelitian yaitu siswa SMA kelas XI yang terdiri dari 30 siswa di beberapa SMA di kota Bandung yang sudah mempelajari materi kelarutan dan hasil kali kelarutan. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu metode deskriptif dengan instrumen penelitian berupa tes diagnostik model mental predict-observe-explain (TDM-POE). Jawaban siswa pada tahap prediksi mencakup level submikroskopik, tahap observasi mencakup level makroskopik dan tahap eksplanasi yaitu mempertautkan ketiga level representasi (makroskopik, submikroskopik dan simbolik). Pada konsep terbentuknya endapan, sebagian siswa cenderung hanya memahami secara makroskopik tapi tidak dapat memahami secara submikroskopik. Pada konsep penambahan ion senama, 9 dari 30 siswa yang mampu menjelaskan berdasarkan prinsip pergeseran kesetimbangan dan secara perhitungan. Pada konsep pengaruh pH, 20 dari 30 siswa tidak mampu menjelaskan secara submikroskopik dan simbolik. Siswa mengalami kesulitan dalam mempertautkan ketiga level representasi pada kelarutan dan hasil kali kelarutan. Selain itu, ditemukan beberapa miskonsepsi mengenai konsep terbentuknya endapan, pengaruh ion senama, dan pengaruh pH pada materi kelarutan dan hasil kali kelarutan melalui TDM-POE. ----------- The purpose of this study is to gain mental model of the student profile of solubility and solubility product concept. Subject of the research are 30 high school students grade XI in Bandung who have studied of solubility and solubility product concept. The method used in this research is descriptive with the research instrument used mental models diagnostic test predict-observe-explain (TDM-POE). The students’ answer on the stage predict convered submicroscopic level, observe the convered macroscopic level and explanation the convered macroscopik, submicroscopic and simbolic level. On concept of formation of precipitate, some student to understands the macroscopic level but can’t understand the submicroscopic level. On the common ion effect concept 9 of 30 student are able to explain based on the principle of equilibrium and calculations. On the concept of the effect of pH, 20 of 30 students can’t explain in submicroscopik and symbolic levels. Students having difficulty when combine in the third level of representation of solubility and solubility product. There are some misconceptions that was found about the concept of formation of precipitate, the common ion effect, and the effect of pH in solubility and solubility product used of TDM-POE

Does academia disfavor contextual and extraverted students

-In a study conducted at Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU) 288 students volunteered to answer an electronic questionnaire constructed to classify their personality type (16 categories), their work habits and preferences, operational values and preferred direction (leadership). In addition exam grades from nine undergraduate subjects, some mathematical and some non-mathematical, were obtained for the same students. Statistical analyses revealed a clear connection between grades and some personality characteristics. This should by no means interpreted as differences in skills, but rather as an indication of biased teaching style and pedagogical structure in the university. The results show across all the nine subjects that the traditional teaching structure in universities with lectures in large auditoriums with limited dialog, a rigid and structured curriculum, textbook reading and paper-and-pencil tests, clearly disfavors students which can be characterized as extraverted and contextual/relational, and to some extent also those being intuitive and feeling. Among these students we typically find those being altruistic, creative and out-of-the box thinking. It is suggestive that academia, to probably a large extent, fail to bring such resourceful people to positions were their talents really can make a difference, for instance in research

Microbial comparative pan-genomics using binomial mixture models

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The size of the core- and pan-genome of bacterial species is a topic of increasing interest due to the growing number of sequenced prokaryote genomes, many from the same species. Attempts to estimate these quantities have been made, using regression methods or mixture models. We extend the latter approach by using statistical ideas developed for capture-recapture problems in ecology and epidemiology.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We estimate core- and pan-genome sizes for 16 different bacterial species. The results reveal a complex dependency structure for most species, manifested as heterogeneous detection probabilities. Estimated pan-genome sizes range from small (around 2600 gene families) in <it>Buchnera aphidicola </it>to large (around 43000 gene families) in <it>Escherichia coli</it>. Results for <it>Echerichia coli </it>show that as more data become available, a larger diversity is estimated, indicating an extensive pool of rarely occurring genes in the population.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Analyzing pan-genomics data with binomial mixture models is a way to handle dependencies between genomes, which we find is always present. A bottleneck in the estimation procedure is the annotation of rarely occurring genes.</p

Portion size selection as related to product and consumer characteristics studied by PLS path modelling

Expectations of satiation and satiety have been increasingly investigated because of the interest in how they, along with liking, can modulate portion-size selection. Consumer characteristics can also be important when consumers select their portion size. However, the contribution and interaction of consumers and product aspects to portion size selection has not been unveiled. This study aims to better understanding these complex relations by simultaneously assessing the relative influence of consumer characteristics and product related properties on portion size selection utilizing PLS-Path Modelling (PLS-PM) approach. In this study, consumers (n = 101) answered questions regarding attitudes to health and hedonic characteristics of foods, and completed hunger and fullness questions. In an evaluation step, they tasted eight samples of yogurt with different textures and rated liking, expected satiation, expected satiety and portion size. The consumers were also classified on their mouth behaviour by using the JBMB™ tool. Results showed that liking, satiation, satiety and portion size depended firstly on the thickness, and then on the particle size of samples. PLS-PM was used to generate a model, indicating that liking was a direct predictor of portion size, with a stronger effect than satiation or satiety. The relationship between liking and satiety was observed both in direct direction (liking-satiety) and also indirect direction throughout satiation (liking-satiation-satiety). The former was negative effect and the latter was positive effect depending on the criteria which consumers used. These findings implied that liking is a main factor in the prediction of portion size however the relations are complex.acceptedVersio

Portion size selection as related to product and consumer characteristics studied by PLS path modelling.

Expectations of satiation and satiety have been increasingly investigated because of the interest in how they, along with liking, can modulate portion-size selection. Consumer characteristics can also be important when consumers select their portion size. However, the contribution and interaction of consumers and product aspects to portion size selection has not been unveiled. This study aims to better understanding these complex relations by simultaneously assessing the relative influence of consumer characteristics and product related properties on portion size selection utilizing PLS-Path Modelling (PLS-PM) approach. In this study, consumers (n = 101) answered questions regarding attitudes to health and hedonic characteristics of foods, and completed hunger and fullness questions. In an evaluation step, they tasted eight samples of yogurt with different textures and rated liking, expected satiation, expected satiety and portion size. The consumers were also classified on their mouth behaviour by using the JBMB™ tool. Results showed that liking, satiation, satiety and portion size depended firstly on the thickness, and then on the particle size of samples. PLS-PM was used to generate a model, indicating that liking was a direct predictor of portion size, with a stronger effect than satiation or satiety. The relationship between liking and satiety was observed both in direct direction (liking-satiety) and also indirect direction throughout satiation (liking-satiation-satiety). The former was negative effect and the latter was positive effect depending on the criteria which consumers used. These findings implied that liking is a main factor in the prediction of portion size however the relations are complex.submittedVersio

Adapting Statistics Education to a Cognitively Heterogeneous Student Population

publishedVersio

A tool for simulating multi-response linear model data

Data science is generating enormous amounts of data, and new and advanced analytical methods are constantly being developed to cope with the challenge of extracting information from such “big-data”. Researchers often use simulated data to assess and document the properties of these new methods, and in this paper we present an extension to the R-package simrel, which is a versatile and transparent tool for simulating linear model data with an extensive range of adjustable properties. The method is based on the concept of relevant components, and is equivalent to the newly developed envelope model. It is a multi-response extension of R-package simrel which is available in R-package repository CRAN, and as simrel the new approach is essentially based on random rotations of latent relevant components to obtain a predictor matrix X, but in addition we introduce random rotations of latent components spanning a response space in order to obtain a multivariate response matrix Y. The properties of the linear relation between X and Y are defined by a small set of input parameters which allow versatile and adjustable simulations. Sub-space rotations also allow for generating data suitable for testing variable selection methods in multi-response settings. The method is implemented as an update to the R-package simrel.publishedVersio