Associations entre les caractéristiques physiques et nutritionnelles et les concentrations circulantes de caroténoïdes chez les hommes et les femmes

L'adhésion aux recommandations nutritionnelles est un élément important d'un mode de vie sain aidant à la prévention de maladies chroniques. Cependant, les professionnels de la santé considèrent que l'évaluation des habitudes alimentaires constitue un défi compte tenu des biais potentiels des questionnaires alimentaires qui sont souvent fondés sur des données auto-déclarées. Les concentrations circulantes de caroténoïdes sont souvent utilisées dans la validation des outils d'évaluation diététique notamment parce qu’elles sont considérées comme des biomarqueurs fiables de la consommation de caroténoïdes alimentaires ainsi que de celle de légumes et fruits (L&F). Cependant, nous avons préalablement rapporté une différence sexuelle dans les concentrations plasmatiques de caroténoïdes, les femmes affichant des concentrations plus élevées par rapport aux hommes. Le but de mon travail de maîtrise était d'identifier les déterminants des concentrations plasmatiques de caroténoïdes. Nous avons donc compilé des données de participants d’une série d'interventions nutritionnelles entièrement contrôlées et effectuées par notre groupe au cours des dernières années. Ces données nous ont permis d’évaluer les déterminants physiques et métaboliques qui, au-delà des apports en L&F, prédisaient les concentrations de caroténoïdes circulants chez l’homme et la femme. Nos résultats suggèrent que le poids corporel et les concentrations circulantes de cholestérol des lipoprotéines de densité élevée (high-density lipoproteins, HDL) contribuent à la différence des concentrations plasmatiques de caroténoïdes observée entre les hommes et les femmes. Nos travaux suggèrent que l’adiposité de même que le profil lipidique devraient être pris en compte lorsque les concentrations plasmatiques de caroténoïdes sont utilisées comme biomarqueurs de la consommation de caroténoïdes (ou des aliments qui en contiennent) chez les hommes et les femmes.Adherence to nutritional recommendations is an important part of leading a healthy lifestyle and preventing chronic diseases. However, health professionals consider the evaluation of eating habits to be a challenge given the potential biases of dietary questionnaires which are frequently based on self-reported data. Circulating carotenoid concentrations, which are considered reliable biomarkers of dietary carotenoid intake as well as of fruits and vegetables consumption, are often used in the validation of dietary assessment tools. However, our group demonstrated the presence of a sex difference in circulating carotenoids as women have been reported to display higher concentrations compared to men. Therefore, the aim of our study was to identify determinants of plasma carotenoid concentrations. We compiled data from men and women enrolled in a series of fully-controlled dietary interventions we conducted in recent years. This data allowed us to evaluate the physical and metabolic determinants, beyond fruit and vegetable intake, which predicted circulating carotenoid concentrations in men and women. and determined the contribution of various physical and metabolic determinants to circulating carotenoids in men and women. We found that body weight and circulating high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations contribute to the difference in circulating carotenoid concentrations noted between men and women. Our results suggest that variations in physical characteristics and the plasma lipid profile should be taken into account when using plasma carotenoids as biomarkers of food intake in men and women

Correlates of the difference in plasma carotenoid concentrations between men and women

Health professionals consider the evaluation of eating habits to be challenging, given the potential biases of dietary questionnaires based on self-reported data. Circulating carotenoid concentrations are reliable biomarkers of dietary carotenoid intake and could be useful in the validation of dietary assessment tools. However, there is a sex difference in circulating carotenoids, with women displaying higher concentrations compared with men independent of intake. The aim of the present study was to identify the correlates of plasma carotenoid concentrations among men (n 155) and women (n 110) enrolled in six fully controlled dietary interventions with varying dietary carotenoid intakes. We looked at the associations of post-intervention fasting plasma carotenoid concentrations (α-carotene, β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, lutein, lycopene and zeaxanthin) with physical and metabolic characteristics. We found that increased body weight (r –0·47, P<0·0001) and waist circumference (r –0·46, P <0·0001) were associated with lower plasma total carotenoid concentrations, while elevated plasma LDLcholesterol (r 0·49, P<0·0001) and HDL-cholesterol (r 0·50, P<0·0001) concentrations were correlated with higher total carotenoids in plasma. Women had significantly higher plasma total carotenoid concentrations compared with men, despite significantly lower dietary carotenoid intake. Adjustment of circulating carotenoid concentrations for plasma HDL-cholesterol eliminated sex difference in plasma carotenoid concentrations. Our results suggest that physical characteristics as well as plasma lipids are associated with circulating carotenoid concentrations and that these variables should be taken into account when using plasma carotenoids as biomarkers for food intake in men and women