Are E-Cigarettes an Optimal Choice for Harm Reduction for Tobacco Smokers?

This presentation was given at the Sigma Theta Tau International Congress

Geology of Cat Island, Bahamas: A Field Trip Guide

See other Smith authored Field Trip Guides of Gerace Research Centre

Validation of a Model for Prediction of Percent Intramuscular Fat on Live Feedlot Cattle

A prediction model from a previous study was utilized to evaluate the degree of fit when this model is applied to an independent data set. The degree of fit was evaluated using means, regression analysis, correlation coefficient, distribution of residuals, and mean square error of prediction (MSEP). The model provided a reasonably accurate prediction of intramuscular fat with a mean bias of 0.13%. For 47.1% of the steers, percent intramuscular fat was predicted within ± 0.5%, and for 77.6% of the steers, prediction of percent intramuscular fat was made within ± 1%. Pearson product moment correlation between predicted and actual percent intramuscular fat was 0.74 (p \u3c .01), and the square root of MSEP indicated a prediction error of 0.9%

Cartilage-selective genes identified in genome-scale analysis of non-cartilage and cartilage gene expression

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Cartilage plays a fundamental role in the development of the human skeleton. Early in embryogenesis, mesenchymal cells condense and differentiate into chondrocytes to shape the early skeleton. Subsequently, the cartilage anlagen differentiate to form the growth plates, which are responsible for linear bone growth, and the articular chondrocytes, which facilitate joint function. However, despite the multiplicity of roles of cartilage during human fetal life, surprisingly little is known about its transcriptome. To address this, a whole genome microarray expression profile was generated using RNA isolated from 18–22 week human distal femur fetal cartilage and compared with a database of control normal human tissues aggregated at UCLA, termed Celsius.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>161 cartilage-selective genes were identified, defined as genes significantly expressed in cartilage with low expression and little variation across a panel of 34 non-cartilage tissues. Among these 161 genes were cartilage-specific genes such as cartilage collagen genes and 25 genes which have been associated with skeletal phenotypes in humans and/or mice. Many of the other cartilage-selective genes do not have established roles in cartilage or are novel, unannotated genes. Quantitative RT-PCR confirmed the unique pattern of gene expression observed by microarray analysis.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Defining the gene expression pattern for cartilage has identified new genes that may contribute to human skeletogenesis as well as provided further candidate genes for skeletal dysplasias. The data suggest that fetal cartilage is a complex and transcriptionally active tissue and demonstrate that the set of genes selectively expressed in the tissue has been greatly underestimated.</p

Evaluation of Ultrasound Measurement of Fat Thickness and Ribeye Area, II. Repeatability of Measurements.

Data from two feeding trials were used to evaluate repeatability of ultrasound measurements of fat thickness and ribeye area. In each trial, steers were scanned three or four times by one technician. Two beef improvement federation (BIF)-certified technicians with different levels of experience interpreted images from the last scan. Each technician interpreted the image of an individual steer twice on two different days. Repeatability was evaluated as an intra-class correlation. Additional statistics used to evaluate repeatability were the slope and intercepts from a regression analysis, RMSE, and ESD. Ultrasound measurements of fat thickness and ribeye area were repeatable both within and across technicians. The only exception was the across-technician measurements of ribeye area, where an apparent difference in variances of measurements was observed

Evaluation of Ultrasound Measurements of Fat Thickness and Ribeye Area, I. Assessment of Technician Effect on Accuracy

Data from two feeding trials were used to estimate accuracy of ultrasound measurements of fat thickness and ribeye area. In each trial, steers were scanned three or four times by one technician. Two beef improvement federation (BIF)-certified technicians with different levels of experience interpreted images from the last scan taken just before slaughter. Each technician interpreted the image of an individual steer twice on two different days. Accuracy of interpretation was evaluated using simple statistical measures, including means, standard deviations, regression and correlation coefficients, RMSE, and ESD. The overall technician biases for ultrasound measurements of fat thickness and ribeye area were -0.17 cm and 0.63 cm2, respectively. Mean bias by technician indicated a similar direction and amount of bias (-0.14 vs -0.20 cm). However, bias in the measurement of ribeye area by the two technicians took an opposite direction ( -1.28 vs 2.54 cm2). In all cases, technician bias was within the acceptable range for BIF certification. Pearson product moment correlations between carcass and ultrasound measurements of fat thickness and ribeye area were 0.70 and 0.40, respectively. In general, fat thickness for 52% of the steers was measured within ±0.254 cm and for 85.2 % of the steers, fat thickness was measured within ±0.508 cm. For ribeye area, ±51.2 % and ±71.4 % of the steers had measurements within ±6.65 cm2 and ±12.99 cm2, respectively

From Molecular Cores to Planet-forming Disks: An SIRTF Legacy Program

Crucial steps in the formation of stars and planets can be studied only at mid‐ to far‐infrared wavelengths, where the Space Infrared Telescope (SIRTF) provides an unprecedented improvement in sensitivity. We will use all three SIRTF instruments (Infrared Array Camera [IRAC], Multiband Imaging Photometer for SIRTF [MIPS], and Infrared Spectrograph [IRS]) to observe sources that span the evolutionary sequence from molecular cores to protoplanetary disks, encompassing a wide range of cloud masses, stellar masses, and star‐forming environments. In addition to targeting about 150 known compact cores, we will survey with IRAC and MIPS (3.6–70 μm) the entire areas of five of the nearest large molecular clouds for new candidate protostars and substellar objects as faint as 0.001 solar luminosities. We will also observe with IRAC and MIPS about 190 systems likely to be in the early stages of planetary system formation (ages up to about 10 Myr), probing the evolution of the circumstellar dust, the raw material for planetary cores. Candidate planet‐forming disks as small as 0.1 lunar masses will be detectable. Spectroscopy with IRS of new objects found in the surveys and of a select group of known objects will add vital information on the changing chemical and physical conditions in the disks and envelopes. The resulting data products will include catalogs of thousands of previously unknown sources, multiwavelength maps of about 20 deg^2 of molecular clouds, photometry of about 190 known young stars, spectra of at least 170 sources, ancillary data from ground‐based telescopes, and new tools for analysis and modeling. These products will constitute the foundations for many follow‐up studies with ground‐based telescopes, as well as with SIRTF itself and other space missions such as SIM, JWST, Herschel, and TPF/Darwin

Seeing the way: visual sociology and the distance runner's perspective

Employing visual and autoethnographic data from a two‐year research project on distance runners, this article seeks to examine the activity of seeing in relation to the activity of distance running. One of its methodological aims is to develop the linkage between visual and autoethnographic data in combining an observation‐based narrative and sociological analysis with photographs. This combination aims to convey to the reader not only some of the specific subcultural knowledge and particular ways of seeing, but also something of the runner's embodied feelings and experience of momentum en route. Via the combination of narrative and photographs we seek a more effective way of communicating just how distance runners see and experience their training terrain. The importance of subjecting mundane everyday practices to detailed sociological analysis has been highlighted by many sociologists, including those of an ethnomethodological perspective. Indeed, without the competence of social actors in accomplishing these mundane, routine understandings and practices, it is argued, there would in fact be no social order

Predictors and patterns of participant adherence to a cortisol collection protocol

Cortisol, a stress-related hormone, has been measured in many psychoimmunological studies via collection of saliva; however, patterns of participant adherence to protocol procedures are rarely described in the literature