5 research outputs found

    Building the Sixth-Grade Students of Mnemonics in Science according to the Imagery Style

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    ملخص: هدفت الدراسة الحالية إلى الكشف عن تأثير أنماط التصور الذهني (التخطيطي/الصوري) لدى طالبات الصف السادس الأساسي في بنائهن معينات الذاكرة في مادة العلوم، وذلك بتطبيق منهج البحث النوعي؛ ولتحقيق هذا الهدف طُبقت المقابلات المعمقة شبه المقننة، كما طُبق مقياس التصور الذهني قبليًا لتصنيف الطالبات حسب نمط التصور الذهني. فاختيرت عينة مكونة من (12) طالبة بالطريقة القصدية في محافظة مسقط في العام الدراسي 2019/2020، وكانت هذه العينة ضمن ثلاث مجموعات دراسية وهي: مجموعة استخدام معينات الذاكرة والتي دُرست باستخدام إستراتيجيات لمعينات الذاكرة، ومجموعة بناء معينات الذاكرة وهي التي قامت فيها الطالبات ببناء معينات الذاكرة، والمجموعة الضابطة والتي دُرست بالطريقة السائدة. أجريت المقابلات بعد المعالجة، فأظهرت نتائج تحليل المقابلات تميز طالبات مجموعة استخدام معينات الذاكرة بتنوع إستراتيجيات معينات الذاكرة التي قامت ببنائها، وتميزت مجموعة بناء معينات الذاكرة بالسلاسة في بناء المعينات، واتباع منهجية معينة عند بناء معينات الذاكرة، كذلك ظهر اختلاف في بناء معينات الذاكرة بين الطالبات حسب نمط التصور الذهني؛ فتميزت الطالبات ذوات نمط التصور الذهني الصوري بتوظيف الصور والتفصيل في الاستجابات، في حين اختفت الرسومات لدى غالبية طالبات نمط التصور الذهني التخطيطي، وإن وجدت فتكون خالية من التفاصيل. أوصت الدراسة باعتماد إستراتيجيات معينات الذاكرة كإستراتيجيات تدريس مع تخصيص جزء من وقت الحصة الدراسية لإكساب الطلبة هذه الإستراتيجيات وتشجيعهم على بناء معينات خاصة بهم.Abstract: The study aimed to investigate the effect of the imagery style (schematic / pictorial) among the sixth grade students in their building mnemonics in science. A qualitative research method was used and semi-structured in-depth interviews were applied. The imagery style scale was also applied to classify the students according to the types of imagery styles. A sample of 12 students was selected purposefully in Muscat Governorate in the academic year 2019/2020. The sample of the study was within three study groups: the first group was the mnemonics usage group. The second group was the mnemonics-building group and the third group was the control group which was taught in the conventional teaching method. The interviews were conducted after the treatment with the study sample. The results of the interview analysis showed that the students of the mnemonics usage group were characterized by the variety of strategies for mnemonics that they built. In constructing, the mnemonics building group was characterized by smoothness in mnemonics and following a particular methodology when constructing mnemonics. There was also a difference in the building of mnemonics among the students according to the types of imagery style. The students with the pictorial imagery style were distinguished by the use of images and expanding the responses. While the drawings of the majority of the students of the schematic imagery style disappeared, and if they existed, then they are devoid of details. The study recommended the adoption of mnemonics as teaching strategies. As well as allocating part of the class time to provide students with these strategies and encourage them to build their own mnemonics

    SARS-CoV-2 vaccination modelling for safe surgery to save lives: data from an international prospective cohort study

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    Background: Preoperative SARS-CoV-2 vaccination could support safer elective surgery. Vaccine numbers are limited so this study aimed to inform their prioritization by modelling. Methods: The primary outcome was the number needed to vaccinate (NNV) to prevent one COVID-19-related death in 1 year. NNVs were based on postoperative SARS-CoV-2 rates and mortality in an international cohort study (surgical patients), and community SARS-CoV-2 incidence and case fatality data (general population). NNV estimates were stratified by age (18-49, 50-69, 70 or more years) and type of surgery. Best- and worst-case scenarios were used to describe uncertainty. Results: NNVs were more favourable in surgical patients than the general population. The most favourable NNVs were in patients aged 70 years or more needing cancer surgery (351; best case 196, worst case 816) or non-cancer surgery (733; best case 407, worst case 1664). Both exceeded the NNV in the general population (1840; best case 1196, worst case 3066). NNVs for surgical patients remained favourable at a range of SARS-CoV-2 incidence rates in sensitivity analysis modelling. Globally, prioritizing preoperative vaccination of patients needing elective surgery ahead of the general population could prevent an additional 58 687 (best case 115 007, worst case 20 177) COVID-19-related deaths in 1 year. Conclusion: As global roll out of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination proceeds, patients needing elective surgery should be prioritized ahead of the general population
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