Adsorption of methylene blue dye by using modified Fe/Attapulgite clay

ABSTRACT In this work, attapulgite clay was modified iron to obtained (Fe/attapulgite) and its capacity for the removal of a typical cationic dye, methylene blue, was studied. The modified samples were characterized by SEM, EDX, nitrogen-adsorption surface area (BET) and FTIR techniques. Various operational parameters such as pH, initial dye concentration, mass dosage and solution temperature in batch systems were investigated on the use of Fe/attapulgite in the adsorption of methylene blue (MB) dye. The amount of dye removed was dependent on initial dye concentration, mass dosage pH of solution and solution temperature. Experimental data were analyzed using three model equations: Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin isotherms and it was found that the Freundlich isotherm model fitted the adsorption data most with the highest correlation (R2≥0.986). Thermodynamic parameters, such as Gibbs free energy (∆G), enthalpy (∆H), and entropy (∆S) were calculated. The adsorption of MB dye onto Fe/attapulgite was found to be spontaneous and endothermic in nature, this study shows that the adsorption confirm physisorption mechanism

Synthesis and Adsorption of Alginate and Starch-Based Hydrogels for Cationic Dye from Aqueous Solution: Thermodynamic and Isotherm Modeling Non-linear

This work prepared new eco-friendly biocomposite hydrogels by graft co-polymerization from starch (ST), sodium alginate (SA), acrylamide (AM), and acrylic acid (AC). The performance of starch graft-poly(acrylamide-co-acrylic acid) (ST-g-P(AM-co-AC)) and sodium alginate graft-poly(acrylamide-co-acrylic acid) (SA-g-P(AM-co-AC)) absorbent hydrogels was evaluated for efficient dye removal from aqueous solution due to their unequal network structure and a restricted number of the hydrophilic groups. Adsorption characteristics of the as-prepared hydrogels were tested for methylene blue (MB) as an adsorbate. The removal percentage increases when increased the adsorbent doses of both hydrogels due to the increase of active sites of the hydrogel. The isotherm models and thermodynamic studies of MB dye on hydrogels have been assessed at several conditions like adsorbent dosage, solution temperature, and equilibrium time. The equilibrium results followed the Freundlich model. The thermodynamic parameter indicated that MB dye adsorption on hydrogels was endothermic and spontaneous. On the basis of the obtained result, the hydrogels are environmental and expansive adsorbent that might be a reliable alternative to elimination dyes from aqueous solution

Adult Normal Value and Deficiency Percentage of Serum Zinc in both Sexes Iraqi Healthy Population, using Atomic Absorption spectrophotometer (AAS)

The essential trace elements were very significant for the life of humans, and the imbalance in blood serum lead to so serious diseases. In this study, zinc (Zn) has been measured in the serum of  2005 samples (1305 male and 700 female) apparently healthy Iraqi persons aged 20-70 years using a flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer (FAAS). The mean concentration of Zn was (0.96 – 1.12 mg ml-1) in males and slightly lower (0.8 – 1.02 mg ml-1) in females. The concentration of Zinc was slightly increased by age, especially in the groups of 31-40 years, and slightly reduced in the group of 51-61 years. The concentration of zinc in all groups of the study seems to be stable. The study showed that there is a deficiency in Zn value (Zn concentration below 0.5 mg ml-1) in the male and females healthy populations by 22.9% and 18.85%, respectively

ZnO-Loaded SA-g-Poly (AC-co-EBS) Hydrogel Nanocomposite as an Efficient Adsorption of Tetracycline and Phenol: Kinetics and Thermodynamic Models

A synthetic superabsorbent polymer hydrogel nanocomposite was prepared by the free radical graft co-polymerization method. This study included the preparation of two surfaces: first sodium alginate-g-(acrylic acid-co-sodium; 4-ethenylbenzenesulfonate), SA-g-poly (Ac-co-EBS) hydrogel, and second surface hydrogel after zinc oxide loading SA-g-poly (Ac-co-EBS). Hydrogel nanocomposite was prepared from different monomers for the removal of pollutants. The physical characterizations of nanocomposite have been studied using several techniques like UV-vis, FTIR, FE-SEM, TEM, EDX, and XRD. The data from the adsorption study show that E% increases with increasing contact time, with the best agitation time of 1 h, after which the adsorption becomes constant. The increase in adsorbent amount 0.01–0.1 g, the percentage removal of tetracycline (TC) and phenol (PH) increased from 60.639–97.085 and 487.71–94.05%, respectively, and Qe decreased 606.39–97.08 to 487.1831–94.456 mg/g on hydrogel. The ∆H value is endothermic. All processes of adsorption are considered spontaneous, from a negative value of ∆G to a positive value of ∆S. The release of the TC drug was studied in conditions similar to those in the human body in terms of acidity and temperature. The cumulative release of TC drug in 3 h was 50.65%, 42.33%, pH = 7.5 and pH 1.2, respectively

Preperation of sodium alginate-based SA-g-poly(ITA-co-VBS)/RC hydrogel nanocomposites: And their application towards dye adsorption

A superabsorbent polymer, Sodium Alginate-g-Poly (Itaconic acid-co-Sodium 4-vinyl benzenesulfonate)/ Ricinus communis (SA-g-P(ITA-co-VBS)/ RC) hydrogel, was prepared by free-radical graft co-polymerization for sequestration of toxic malachite green (MG) dye as a cationic dye model. The surface morphological of shape and composition of the prepared hydrogel used have been characterized by FESEM, EDX, TEM, FTIR, X-ray diffraction XRD, and TGA. Optimizing the synthesis conditions for prepared a hydrogel with the highest swelling ratio have been studied, the results show that employing 0.08 g KPS and 0.09 g MBA, 1.0 g ITA, 2.0 g VBS, 1.0 g SA, and 1.0 g RC, the composites greatest swelling capacity in distilled water was 3400 %. It was discovered that the dye adsorption capacity of the polymer was greatly impacted by the monomer VBS level in the hydrogel, which gives it a better ability to swell. The porosity of the hydrogel spheres, thus significantly enhancing the MG adsorption capacity with the rate-limiting controlled by chemical adsorption, intraparticle diffusion, and film diffusion. Study the influence of different reaction conditions on the removal of MG dye from aqueous solution are adsorbent dose, pH, zero-point charge, temperature, thermodynamic adsorption, adsorption isotherm, and kinetic models have been done. Additionally, (SA-g-P(ITA-co-VBS)/RC) demonstrated strong MG dye adsorption capabilities and reusability in at least four adsorption-desorption cycles this process indicating its considerable potential for use as the adsorbent for dye removals from aqueous solution

Modified coal fly ash as low cost adsorbent for removal reactive dyes from batik industry

The removal of reactive dyes on modified coal fly ash has been investigated during a series of batch adsorption experiments. Physical characteristics of modified coal fly ash was characterized by Brunauer Emmett Teller (BET) surface area analysis, X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer (FT-IR), and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The effects of operational parameters such as initial dye concentration (50–200 mg/L), solution pH (4–10) and adsorbent dosage (50–200 mg/L) were studied. The adsorption experiments indicated that modified coal fly ash was effective in removing of Remazol Blue. The percentage removal of dyes increased while the modified fly ash dosage increased. The percentage removal of dyes increased with decreased initial concentration of the dye and also increased with amount of adsorbent used. The optimum of removal of dyes was found to be 94% at initial dye concentration 50 g/mL, modified fly ash dosage 250 g/mL, and pH of 2.0