Composition and decomposition of several Schiff base metal complexes containing Co(II) and Ni(II) ions: Spectroscopic analysis

This study aims to synthesize four Schiff base derivatives and their corresponding metal complexes with Co(II) and Ni(II) ions. Additionally, the thermal decomposition of the synthesized metal complexes into metal oxides (CoO and NiO) will be investigated. The Schiff base derivatives synthesized in this study are o-(2,3-dihydroxybenzylidene)-aminophenol (referred to as S1), o-(2,3-dihydroxybenzylidene)aminobenzoic acid (referred to as S2), p-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)aminoacetophenone (referred to as S3), and p-(2,4-dihydroxybenzylidene)aminoacetophenone (referred to as S4). The structures of the synthesized Schiff base derivatives (S1, S2, S3, and S4) were confirmed through elemental analyses, Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy, and mass spectroscopy. The obtained results were compared with previously published data to verify their accuracy. To form the metal complexes, the Schiff bases were reacted with Co(II) and Ni(II) ions in a 1:1 ratio (Schiff base to metal) under slightly basic conditions (pH 8–9). The reaction took place at 70°C using a binary solvent mixture of H2O and MeOH in equal proportions. The synthesized complexes were subjected to thermal decomposition in the air for a duration of 3 h at 600°C. This process resulted in the formation of highly pure metal oxides (CoO and NiO). The surface topology and composition of the metal oxides were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy-energy-dispersive x-ray analysis (SEM/EDX) data, demonstrating their remarkable characteristics

QuantUM: Quantitative Safety Analysis of UML Models

When developing a safety-critical system it is essential to obtain an assessment of different design alternatives. In particular, an early safety assessment of the architectural design of a system is desirable. In spite of the plethora of available formal quantitative analysis methods it is still difficult for software and system architects to integrate these techniques into their every day work. This is mainly due to the lack of methods that can be directly applied to architecture level models, for instance given as UML diagrams. Also, it is necessary that the description methods used do not require a profound knowledge of formal methods. Our approach bridges this gap and improves the integration of quantitative safety analysis methods into the development process. All inputs of the analysis are specified at the level of a UML model. This model is then automatically translated into the analysis model, and the results of the analysis are consequently represented on the level of the UML model. Thus the analysis model and the formal methods used during the analysis are hidden from the user. We illustrate the usefulness of our approach using an industrial strength case study.Comment: In Proceedings QAPL 2011, arXiv:1107.074

Untersuchungen der internen Dynamik des Ileal Lipid Binding Proteins (ILBP) und des Einflusses der CSA-Werte auf die mikrodynamischen Parameter

Die Messung von heteronuklearen 15N-Relaxationszeiten (Longitudinale, transversale sowie heteronukleare NOE) bei verschiedenen Magnetfeldstärken (500, 600 und 800 MHz 1H Larmorfrequenz) ergeben Informationen über interne dynamische Prozesse in Biomolekülen. Diese verschiedenen Relaxationsraten sind voneinander abhängig und über die spektrale Leistungsdichtefunktion miteinander gekoppelt. Die mikrodynamischen Parameter des NH-Peptidrückgratvektors (der Ordnungsparameter S2 und die effektive interne Korrelationszeit te) sowie der Beitrag des konformationellen Austausches zur transversalen Relaxationsrate der Austauschparameter Rex wurden für einige Proteine errechnet und angepaßt. Das Human ILBP gehört zur Familie der intrazellulären Lipidbindungsproteine (LBP), die in der Lage sind, Fett- und Gallensäuren spezifisch zu binden und in Cytosol zu transportieren. Viele verschiedene Typen von LBPs sind bis heute identifiziert worden. Diese Proteine enthalten 127 - 135 Aminosäurereste und werden nach dem Gewebe benannt, aus dem sie isoliert wurden. Human-ILBP enthält 127 Aminosäurereste und besteht haupsächlich aus 10 antiparallelen beta-Faltblattsträngen, die eine beta-Fassstruktur mit einer großen Bindungstasche bilden, und zwei alpha-Helices. ILBP hat die Tendenz, Gallensäuren oder Fettsäuren zu binden. Diese geringe Tendenz zur liganden Spezifität ist entweder in der Struktur oder in seiner Dynamik begründet. Aus diesem Grund kann die Untersuchung der Dynamik des Human ILBP (apo- und holo-Form) in zwei Zeitfenstern zum besseren Verständnis der Funktion führen. Für die nicht-terminalen Peptidrückgratgruppen wurde ein S2-Parameter> 0,8 mit einen Durchschnitt von 0,88 beobachtet, was auf eine niedrige Mobilität im ganzen Protein in einem Nano- zu Picosekunden-Zeitfenster deutet, wobei eine Korrelationszeit von tc = 6.25 ns für ILBP (apo-form) und tc = 6.10 ns für ILBP (holo-Form) beobachtet wurde. Apo- und holo-Form (mit Taurocholat als Ligand) zeigen eine ähnliche Dynamik in diesem Zeitfenster. Überdurchschnittliche S2-Werte der alpha-Helix I deuten eine geringe Flexibilität des Peptidrückgrats an, während alpha-Helix II als Teil der Portalregion eine höhere Beweglichkeit zeigt. Austauschparameter Rex wurden hauptsächlich in den Regionen der Ligandenbindung nachgewiesen. Die hier beschriebenen Eigenschaften unterscheiden sich von denen des H-FABP und des E-FABP. Offensichtlich unterscheiden sich verschiedene Mitglieder der LBP-Familie wie ILBP (Human oder Schwein), H-FABP und E-FABP in der Funktion und Dynamik des Peptidrückgrats. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurden die transversalen 15N CSA/DD-kreuzkorrelierten Kreuzrelaxationsraten bestimmt. Für die Bestimmung der Anisotropie des chemischen Verschiebungstensors wurde des Verhältnis zwischen den Auto- und Kreuzrelaxationsraten in Abhängigkeit von der magnetischen Feldstärke genutzt, wobei es möglich war, die Orientierung und Größe des CSA-Tensors einzelner Aminosäurereste zu bestimmen. Bei dieser Methode (wie auch in vielen anderen Studien gezeigt) wurde keine Korrelation zwischen der Sekundärstruktur des Proteins und den 15N CSA-Werten festgestellt. Zum Vergleich der CSA-Konstanten der ILBP-Spezies wurden die entsprechenden Parameter der RNaseT1 gemessen. Alle Daten wurden im Hinblick auf strukturelle Details kritisch diskutiert

Новые электропроводящие полимерные материалы, модифицированные углеродными нанотрубками

Conductive polymer composites (CPC) modified by single-walled carbon nanotubes were studied in this work. Loading single-walled carbon nanotubes into carbon black/polymer composites lowers both the percolation threshold and the volume resistivity of such composites. The a pplication of a small quantity of single-walled carbon nanotubes in carbon black/polymer composites allows reducing the carbon black content and improving the rheological and processing properties

Antibacterial activity of metallic-core gold and silver nanoparticles against some animal pathogens

The current work aimed to find substitutes for antibiotics because of the side effects of antibacterial agents and the expansion of bacterial resistance to these agents. The scope of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial activity of gold and silver nanoparticles (AuNPs and AgNPs) against selected animal pathogens (Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumonia, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Bacillus abortus and Mycobacterium bovis). The synthesized nanoparticles were distinguished by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis and tested for antibacterial activity with the broth microdilution method, well diffusion assay, and minimum bactericidal concentration procedure. Results showed that both AuNPs and AgNPs displayed good antibacterial activity against all tested bacteria. The strongest antibacterial action of AgNPS (18 mm) was contra E. coli. AuNPs displayed good antibacterial activity against S. aureus and B. bovis with a suppression area of 14 mm. Therefore, it is suggested that AgNPs and AuNPs could be effectively used against animal pathogens and may contribute to reducing antibiotic resistance. However, there is a need for further research on the in vivo toxicity and mechanisms of action of AuNPs and AgNPs

Survey on Directed Model Checking

International audienceThis article surveys and gives historical accounts to the algorithmic essentials of directed model checking, a promising bug-hunting technique to mitigate the state explosion problem. In the enumeration process, successor selection is prioritized. We discuss existing guidance and methods to automatically generate them by exploiting system abstractions. We extend the algorithms to feature partial-order reduction and show how liveness problems can be adapted by lifting the search Space. For deterministic, finite domains we instantiate the algorithms to directed symbolic, external and distributed search. For real-time domains we discuss the adaption of the algorithms to timed automata and for probabilistic domains we show the application to counterexample generation. Last but not least, we explain how directed model checking helps to accelerate finding solutions to scheduling problems

Model exploration and analysis for quantitative safety refinement in probabilistic B

The role played by counterexamples in standard system analysis is well known; but less common is a notion of counterexample in probabilistic systems refinement. In this paper we extend previous work using counterexamples to inductive invariant properties of probabilistic systems, demonstrating how they can be used to extend the technique of bounded model checking-style analysis for the refinement of quantitative safety specifications in the probabilistic B language. In particular, we show how the method can be adapted to cope with refinements incorporating probabilistic loops. Finally, we demonstrate the technique on pB models summarising a one-step refinement of a randomised algorithm for finding the minimum cut of undirected graphs, and that for the dependability analysis of a controller design.Comment: In Proceedings Refine 2011, arXiv:1106.348

Stable sulforaphane protects against gait anomalies and modifies bone microarchitecture in the spontaneous STR/Ort model of osteoarthritis

Osteoarthritis (OA), affecting joints and bone, causes physical gait disability with huge socio-economic burden; treatment remains palliative. Roles for antioxidants in protecting against such chronic disorders have been examined previously. Sulforaphane is a naturally occurring antioxidant. Herein, we explore whether SFX-01®, a stable synthetic form of sulforaphane, modifies gait, bone architecture and slows/reverses articular cartilage destruction in a spontaneous OA model in STR/Ort mice. Sixteen mice (n = 8/group) were orally treated for 3 months with either 100 mg/kg SFX-01® or vehicle. Gait was recorded, tibiae were microCT scanned and analysed. OA lesion severity was graded histologically. The effect of SFX-01® on bone turnover markers in vivo was complemented by in vitro bone formation and resorption assays. Analysis revealed development of OA-related gait asymmetry in vehicle-treated STR/Ort mice, which did not emerge in SFX-01®-treated mice. We found significant improvements in trabecular and cortical bone. Despite these marked improvements, we found that histologically-graded OA severity in articular cartilage was unmodified in treated mice. These changes are also reflected in anabolic and anti-catabolic actions of SFX-01® treatment as reflected by alteration in serum markers as well as changes in primary osteoblast and osteoclast-like cells in vitro. We report that SFX-01® improves bone microarchitecture in vivo, produces corresponding changes in bone cell behaviour in vitro and leads to greater symmetry in gait, without marked effects on cartilage lesion severity in STR/Ort osteoarthritic mice. Our findings support both osteotrophic roles and novel beneficial gait effects for SFX-01® in this model of spontaneous OA

Curcumin and cinnamon mitigates lead acetate-induced oxidative damage in the spleen of rats

Lead toxicity is a common occupational and environmental health hazard that exerts many toxic effects on animals and humans, including immunotoxicity. Curcumin (CUR) and cinnamon (CIN) are common medicinal herbs with immunostimulatory and antioxidant properties. Therefore, this study investigated the protective effect of curcumin and cinnamon against lead acetate (LA)-induced splenotoxicity in rats via hemato-biochemical, immunological, oxidative stress marker, CYP-2E1 expression, histological, and immunohistological evaluations. Four groups of seven rats each were used: the control group received corn oil as a vehicle; the lead acetate group received (100 mg/kg), the CUR + LA group received curcumin (400 mg/kg) plus lead acetate, and the CIN + LA group received cinnamon (200 mg/kg) plus lead acetate orally for 1 month. LA exposure induced macrocytic hypochromic anemia, leukocytosis, neutrophilia, monocytosis, and lymphopenia. Additionally, significant elevations in serum iron, ferritin levels, and transferrin saturation percentage with significant decline of total and unsaturated iron binding capacities (TIBC and UIBC), transferrin, and immunoglobulin G and M levels were recorded. In addition, lead acetate significantly upregulated splenic CYP-2E1 expression, that was evident by significant depletion of reduced glutathione (GSH) activity and elevation of malondihyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), and protein carbonyl (PC) concentrations in the spleen. Histologically, hyperplasia of lymphoid follicles, hemosiderin deposition, and disturbance of CD3 and CD68 immuno-expressions were evident in the spleen from the lead acetate group. However, curcumin and cinnamon administration restored the hemato-biochemical, immunological, and oxidative stress parameters as well as histological and immunohistological pictures toward normalcy. In conclusion, curcumin and cinnamon can partially ameliorate LA-induced oxidative damage in the spleen, possibly through their antioxidant, immunomodulatory, and gene-regulating activities

Maxillary neoplasms in four dromedary camels

Four camels (Camelus dromedarius) presented to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital at King Faisal University with maxillary masses. On radiographs, the masses were multicystic and expanded the maxillary bone. The tumors were diagnosed by histopathologic examination as conventional ameloblastoma, two cases as intraosseous squamous cell carcinoma, and central odontogenic fibroma with ossification. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report of ameloblastoma in a camel, the first detailed description of maxillary squamous cell carcinoma in camels, and the first report of central odontogenic fibroma in any animal species