Технологическое обеспечение операций лазерной технологии в полиграфии

Для відомих та нових видів лазерної обробки при виготовленні поліграфічної продукції запропоновано методики вибору режимів обробки для різних технологічних схем формоутворення та їх інформаційне забезпечення.For the known and new types of laser machining at making of graphic art the methods of machining modes choice for the different flowsheets of forming and them informative providing are offered.Для известных и новых видов лазерной обработки при изготовлении полиграфической продукции предложены методики выбора режимов обработки для разных технологических схем формообразования и их информационное обеспечение

Forward angled spray: a method for improving the efficacy of herbicides

It is challenging to obtain proper leaf wetting. An angled spray could overcome this impedi- ment, but which spray angle is best suited to droplet size is still unknown. In an outdoor pot experiment, seven doses of cycloxydim and sethoxydim were sprayed with single-orifice standard, anti-drift, and air induction (having a fine, medium, and extremely coarse spray quality, respectively) flat fan nozzles, using spray angles of 10°, 20° backward, 0° (vertical), 10°, 20°, 30°, 40°, 50°, and 60° forward relative to the direction of nozzle trajectory on wild barley at the three-leaf stage. Generally, the forward angled spray was better than the backward angled spray. With a standard flat fan nozzle, the forward angling of spray from 0° to 20° reduced the ED50 from 60.24 to 39.85 g a.i. ⋅ ha−1 for cycloxydim and from 150.51 to 81.13 g a.i. ⋅ ha −1 for sethoxydim. With an anti-drift flat fan nozzle, the forward angling of spray from 0° to 30° reduced the ED50 from 72.57 to 50.20 g a.i. ⋅ ha−1 for cycloxydim and from 181.94 to 104.51 g a.i. ⋅ ha−1 for sethoxydim. With an air induction flat fan nozzle, the forward angling of spray from 0° to 40° reduced the ED 50 from 102.96 to 45.52 g a.i. ⋅ ha −1 for cycloxydim and from 209.91 to 92.80 g a.i. ⋅ ha −1 for sethoxydim. More angling did not improve the efficacy of these herbicides. Our results revealed that larger spray droplets needed more spray angle than smaller spray droplets to achieve an equal control